A List of UK Health Workers Who Have Died from COVID-19

Made machine-readable by hand from data from the UK newspaper "The Guardian", in this article: "Doctors, nurses, porters, volunteers: the UK health workers who have died from Covid-19" https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/16/doctors-nurses-porters-volunteers-the-uk-health-workers-who-have-died-from-covid-19

The Guardian is continuing to update the list day-by-day, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. I do not plan to update this dataset, assuming, since the data collection biases are unknown, that nobody else will find it very interesting. I am not a copyright lawyer and do not know if this data is protected copyright, and if so, in which parts of the world.

Caveat: Creating this dataset from a newspaper article required a lot of hand work. I've done my best, but there may be mistakes.

Columns: Name age institution city: I have filled this in myself; I am ignorant of UK geography and there may well be mistakes date_of_death possible_ppe_issue: mostly blank, but I have filled in "yes" where the article mentions a person who had doubts about the adequacy of PPE (personal protective equipment) MED_SPEC: I have attempted to fill in a medical specialty from the values used on the Eurostat web site for Physicians by Medical Specialty" and "Nursing and caring professionals" tables. The idea is to be able to calculate a fraction of affected individuals by specialty.

Why did we carry out this research? One out of every ten injections into veins in the UK is prepared or given in the wrong way. Some of these mistakes will cause unnecessary harm to the patient. To help prevent these mistakes, the NHS publishes the Injectable Medicines Guide (IMG). This NHS website tells nurses how to prepare each injection correctly. Some people think that the IMG is confusing for nurses. This is worrying, as research shows that confusing information can cause mistakes. So improving the design of the IMG might lead to fewer mistakes.

In the first part of this project, we used a process called “user testing” to find out what information nurses found confusing in the IMG. We then redesigned the IMG to solve these problems. In this part of the project, we wanted to find out if using our new design for the IMG made it safer to give injections.

What were we aiming to find out? Our aim was to find out if nurses using our new IMG design made fewer mistakes than nurses using the original design.

How did we do this research? We asked 273 nurses to prepare and give a dose of a pretend medicine to a model patient. They did this whilst they were working on a ward in one of five hospitals. To help the nurses with this task, they were randomly given either the original IMG design or our new design. We watched them whilst they prepared and gave the dose and recorded any mistakes that were made. We also timed how long it took. Then we asked the nurses to answer a questionnaire about how confident they felt using the IMG.

What data is included here? This archive includes the documents we created to help us carry out this research, data on our participants and how many errors they made, and details of interviews we carried out with some nurses.

[1] The Progress by Population Group analysis is a component of the Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) Final Review. The analysis included subsets of the 1,111 measurable HP2020 objectives that have data available for any of six broad population characteristics: sex, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, family income, disability status, and geographic location. Progress toward meeting HP2020 targets is presented for up to 24 population groups within these characteristics, based on objective data aggregated across HP2020 topic areas. The Progress by Population Group data are also available at the individual objective level in the downloadable data set. [2] The final value was generally based on data available on the HP2020 website as of January 2020. For objectives that are continuing into HP2030, more recent data will be included on the HP2030 website as it becomes available: https://health.gov/healthypeople. [3] For more information on the HP2020 methodology for measuring progress toward target attainment and the elimination of health disparities, see: Healthy People Statistical Notes, no 27; available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt27.pdf. [4] Status for objectives included in the HP2020 Progress by Population Group analysis was determined using the baseline, final, and target value. The progress status categories used in HP2020 were: a. Target met or exceeded—One of the following applies: (i) At baseline, the target was not met or exceeded, and the most recent value was equal to or exceeded the target (the percentage of targeted change achieved was equal to or greater than 100%); (ii) The baseline and most recent values were equal to or exceeded the target (the percentage of targeted change achieved was not assessed). b. Improved—One of the following applies: (i) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were available, and the percentage of targeted change achieved was statistically significant; (ii) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had achieved 10% or more of the targeted change. c. Little or no detectable change—One of the following applies: (i) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were available, and the percentage of targeted change achieved was not statistically significant; (ii) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had achieved less than 10% of the targeted change; (iii) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were available, and the percent change relative to the baseline was not statistically significant; (iv) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had moved less than 10% relative to the baseline; (v) No change was observed between the baseline and the final data point. d. Got worse—One of the following applies: (i) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were available, and the percent change relative to the baseline was statistically significant; (ii) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had moved 10% or more relative to the baseline. NOTE: Measurable objectives had baseline data. SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, Healthy People 2020 Progress by Population Group database.

Note: After May 3, 2024, this dataset will no longer be updated because hospitals are no longer required to report data on COVID-19 hospital admissions, and hospital capacity and occupancy data, to HHS through CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network. The related CDC COVID Data Tracker site was revised or retired on May 10, 2023.

This dataset represents daily COVID-19 hospitalization data and metrics aggregated to national, state/territory, and regional levels. COVID-19 hospitalization data are reported to CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network, which monitors national and local trends in healthcare system stress, capacity, and community disease levels for approximately 6,000 hospitals in the United States. Data reported by hospitals to NHSN and included in this dataset represent aggregated counts and include metrics capturing information specific to COVID-19 hospital admissions, and inpatient and ICU bed capacity occupancy.

Reporting information:

• As of December 15, 2022, COVID-19 hospital data are required to be reported to NHSN, which monitors national and local trends in healthcare system stress, capacity, and community disease levels for approximately 6,000 hospitals in the United States. Data reported by hospitals to NHSN represent aggregated counts and include metrics capturing information specific to hospital capacity, occupancy, hospitalizations, and admissions. Prior to December 15, 2022, hospitals reported data directly to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) or via a state submission for collection in the HHS Unified Hospital Data Surveillance System (UHDSS).
• While CDC reviews these data for errors and corrects those found, some reporting errors might still exist within the data. To minimize errors and inconsistencies in data reported, CDC removes outliers before calculating the metrics. CDC and partners work with reporters to correct these errors and update the data in subsequent weeks.
• Many hospital subtypes, including acute care and critical access hospitals, as well as Veterans Administration, Defense Health Agency, and Indian Health Service hospitals, are included in the metric calculations provided in this report. Psychiatric, rehabilitation, and religious non-medical hospital types are excluded from calculations.
• Data are aggregated and displayed for hospitals with the same Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Certification Number (CCN), which are assigned by CMS to counties based on the CMS Provider of Services files.
• Full details on COVID-19 hospital data reporting guidance can be found here: https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/covid-19-faqs-hospitals-hospital-laboratory-acute-care-facility-data-reporting.pdf

Metric details:

• Time Period: timeseries data will update weekly on Mondays as soon as they are reviewed and verified, usually before 8 pm ET. Updates will occur the following day when reporting coincides with a federal holiday. Note: Weekly updates might be delayed due to delays in reporting. All data are provisional. Because these provisional counts are subject to change, including updates to data reported previously, adjustments can occur. Data may be updated since original publication due to delays in reporting (to account for data received after a given Thursday publication) or data quality corrections.
• New COVID-19 Hospital Admissions (count): Number of new admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the previous week (including both adult and pediatric admissions) in the entire jurisdiction.
• New COVID-19 Hospital Admissions (7-Day Average): 7-day average of new admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the previous week (including both adult and pediatric admissions) in the entire jurisdiction.
• Cumulative COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: Cumulative total number of admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric admissions) in the entire jurisdiction since August 1, 2020.
• Cumulative COVID-19 Hospital Admissions Rate: Cumulative total number of admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric admissions) in the entire jurisdiction since August 1, 2020 divided by 2019 intercensal population estimate for that jurisdiction multiplied by 100,000.
• New COVID-19 Hospital Admissions Rate (7-day average) percent change from prior week: Percent change in the 7-day average new admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 per 100,000 population compared with the prior week.
• New COVID-19 Hospital Admissions (7-Day Total): 7-day total number of new admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric admissions) in the entire jurisdiction.
• New COVID-19 Hospital Admissions Rate (7-Day Total): 7-day total number of new admissions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric admissions) for the entire jurisdiction divided by 2019 intercensal population estimate for that jurisdiction multiplied by 100,000.
• Total Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: 7-day total number of patients currently hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric patients) for the entire jurisdiction.
• Total Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients (7-Day Average): 7-day average of the number of patients currently hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric patients) for the entire jurisdiction.
• COVID-19 Inpatient Bed Occupancy (7-Day Average): Percentage of all staffed inpatient beds occupied by patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (including both adult and pediatric patients) within the entire jurisdiction is calculated as an average of valid daily values within the past 7 days (e.g., if only three valid values, the average of those three is taken). Averages are separately calculated for the daily numerators (patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19) and denominators (staffed inpatient beds). The average percentage can then be taken as the ratio of these two values for the entire jurisdiction.
• COVID-19 Inpatient Bed Occupancy absolute change from prior week: The absolute change in the percent of staffed inpatient beds occupied by patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 represents the week-over-week absolute difference between the 7-day average occupancy of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in staffed inpatient beds in the past 7 days, compared with the prior week, in the entire jurisdiction.
• COVID-19 ICU Bed Occupancy (7-Day Average): Percentage of all staffed inpatient beds occupied by adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 within the entire jurisdiction is calculated as a 7-day average of valid daily values within the past 7 days (e.g., if only three valid values, the average of those three is taken). Averages are separately calculated for the daily numerators (adult patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19) and denominators (staffed adult ICU beds). The average percentage can then be taken as the ratio of these two values for the entire jurisdiction.
• COVID-19 ICU Bed Occupancy absolute change from prior week: The absolute change in the percent of staffed ICU beds occupied by patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 represents the week-over-week absolute difference between the average occupancy of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in staffed adult ICU beds for the past 7 days, compared with the prior week, in the in the entire jurisdiction.

Notes: October 27, 2023: Due to a data processing error, reported values for avg_percent_inpatient_beds_occupied_covid_confirmed will appear lower than previously reported values by an average difference of less than 1%. Therefore, previously reported values for avg_percent_inpatient_beds_occupied_covid_confirmed may have been overestimated and should be interpreted with caution.

October 27, 2023: Due to a data processing error, reported values for abs_chg_avg_percent_inpatient_beds_occupied_covid_confirmed will differ from previously reported values by an average absolute difference of less than 1%. Therefore, previously reported values for abs_chg_avg_percent_inpatient_beds_occupied_covid_confirmed should be interpreted with caution.

December 29, 2023: Hospitalization data reported to CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) through December 23, 2023, should be interpreted with caution due to potential reporting delays that are impacted by Christmas and New Years holidays. As a result, metrics including new hospital admissions for COVID-19 and influenza and hospital occupancy may be underestimated for the week ending December 23, 2023.

January 5, 2024: Hospitalization data reported to CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) through December 30, 2023 should be interpreted with caution due to potential reporting delays that are impacted by Christmas and New Years holidays. As a result, metrics including new hospital admissions for COVID-19 and influenza and hospital occupancy may be underestimated for the week ending December 30, 2023.

[1] Status is determined using the baseline, final, and target value. The statuses used in Healthy People 2020 were: 1 - Target met or exceeded—One of the following applies: (i) At baseline, the target was not met or exceeded, and the most recent value was equal to or exceeded the target. (The percentage of targeted change achieved was equal to or greater than 100%.); (ii) The baseline and most recent values were equal to or exceeded the target. (The percentage of targeted change achieved was not assessed.) 2 - Improved—One of the following applies: (i) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were available, and the percentage of targeted change achieved was statistically significant; (ii) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had achieved 10% or more of the targeted change. 3 - Little or no detectable change—One of the following applies: (i) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were available, and the percentage of targeted change achieved was not statistically significant; (ii) Movement was toward the target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had achieved less than 10% of the targeted change; (iii) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were available, and the percent change relative to the baseline was not statistically significant; (iv) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had moved less than 10% relative to the baseline; (v) No change was observed between the baseline and the final data point. 4 - Got worse—One of the following applies: (i) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were available, and the percent change relative to the baseline was statistically significant; (ii) Movement was away from the baseline and target, standard errors were not available, and the objective had moved 10% or more relative to the baseline. 5 - Baseline only—The objective only had one data point, so progress toward target attainment could not be assessed. Note that if additional data points did not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality, or confidentiality, the objective was categorized as baseline only. 6 - Informational—A target was not set for this objective, so progress toward target attainment could not be assessed. [2] The final value is generally based on data available on the Healthy People 2020 website as of January 2020. For objectives that are continuing into Healthy People 2030, more recent data are available on the Healthy People 2030 website: https://health.gov/healthypeople. [3] For objectives that moved toward their targets, movement toward the target was measured as the percentage of targeted change achieved (unless the target was already met or exceeded at baseline): Percentage of targeted change achieved = (Final value - Baseline value) / (HP2020 target - Baseline value) * 100 [4] For objectives that were not improving, did not meet or exceed their targets, and did not move towards their targets, movement away from the baseline was measured as the magnitude of the percent change from baseline: Magnitude of percent change from baseline = |Final value - Baseline value| / Baseline value * 100 [5] Statistical significance was tested when the objective had a target, at least two data points (of unequal value), and available standard errors of the data. A normal distribution was assumed. All available digits were used to test statistical significance. Statistical significance of the percentage of targeted change achieved or the magnitude of the percentage change from baseline was assessed at the 0.05 level using a normal one-sided test. [6] For more information on the Healthy People 2020 methodology for measuring progress toward target attainment and the elimination of health disparities, see: Healthy People Statistical Notes, no 27; available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/sta