Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

Number and percentage of deaths, by month and place of residence, 1991 to most recent year.

This dataset reports the daily reported number of deaths involving COVID-19 by fatality type.

Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak.

Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool

Data includes:

• Date on which the death occurred
• Total number of deaths involving COVID-19
• Number of deaths with “COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death”
• Number of deaths with “COVID-19 contributed but not underlying cause”
• Number of deaths where the “Cause of death unknown” or “Cause of death missing”

Additional Notes

The method used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed, effective December 1, 2022. Prior to December 1 2022, deaths were counted based on the date the death was updated in the public health unit’s system. Going forward, deaths are counted on the date they occurred.

On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023.

CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags.

As of December 1, 2022, data are based on the date on which the death occurred. This reporting method differs from the prior method which is based on net change in COVID-19 deaths reported day over day.

Data are based on net change in COVID-19 deaths for which COVID-19 caused the death reported day over day. Deaths are not reported by the date on which death happened as reporting may include deaths that happened on previous dates.

Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts.

Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different.

Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the number of deaths involving COVID-19 reported.

"_Cause of death unknown_" is the category of death for COVID-19 positive individuals with cause of death still under investigation, or for which the public health unit was unable to determine cause of death. The category may change later when the cause of death is confirmed either as “COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death”, “COVID-19 contributed but not underlying cause,” or “COVID-19 unrelated”.

"_Cause of death missing_" is the category of death for COVID-19 positive individuals with the cause of death missing in CCM.

Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags

All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day.

This dataset is subject to change.

Number and percentage of deaths, by place of death (in hospital or non-hospital), 1991 to most recent year.

Number of deaths and mortality rates, by age group, sex, and place of residence, 1991 to most recent year.

Number of deaths and age-specific mortality rates for selected grouped causes, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

This dataset reports the daily reported number of deaths involving COVID-19 by fatality type. Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak. Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool Data includes: * Date on which the death occurred * Total number of deaths involving COVID-19 * Number of deaths with “COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death” * Number of deaths with “COVID-19 contributed but not underlying cause” * Number of deaths where the “Cause of death unknown” or “Cause of death missing” ##Additional Notes The method used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed, effective December 1, 2022. Prior to December 1 2022, deaths were counted based on the date the death was updated in the public health unit’s system. Going forward, deaths are counted on the date they occurred. On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023. CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags. As of December 1, 2022, data are based on the date on which the death occurred. This reporting method differs from the prior method which is based on net change in COVID-19 deaths reported day over day. Data are based on net change in COVID-19 deaths for which COVID-19 caused the death reported day over day. Deaths are not reported by the date on which death happened as reporting may include deaths that happened on previous dates. Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts. Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different. Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the number of deaths involving COVID-19 reported. "Cause of death unknown" is the category of death for COVID-19 positive individuals with cause of death still under investigation, or for which the public health unit was unable to determine cause of death. The category may change later when the cause of death is confirmed either as “COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death”, “COVID-19 contributed but not underlying cause,” or “COVID-19 unrelated”. "Cause of death missing" is the category of death for COVID-19 positive individuals with the cause of death missing in CCM. Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day. This dataset is subject to change.

This dataset reports the daily reported number of the 7-day moving average rates of Deaths involving COVID-19 by vaccination status and by age group. Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak. Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool Data includes: * Date on which the death occurred * Age group * 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those not fully vaccinated * 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those fully vaccinated * 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those vaccinated with at least one booster ##Additional notes As of June 16, all COVID-19 datasets will be updated weekly on Thursdays by 2pm. As of January 12, 2024, data from the date of January 1, 2024 onwards reflect updated population estimates. This update specifically impacts data for the 'not fully vaccinated' category. On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023. CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags. The data does not include vaccination data for people who did not provide consent for vaccination records to be entered into the provincial COVaxON system. This includes individual records as well as records from some Indigenous communities where those communities have not consented to including vaccination information in COVaxON. “Not fully vaccinated” category includes people with no vaccine and one dose of double-dose vaccine. “People with one dose of double-dose vaccine” category has a small and constantly changing number. The combination will stabilize the results. Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts. Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different. Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the Deaths involving COVID-19 reported. Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day. This dataset is subject to change.

Status of COVID-19 cases in Ontario

This dataset compiles daily snapshots of publicly reported data on 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) testing in Ontario.

Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak.

Effective April 13, 2023, this dataset will be discontinued. The public can continue to access the data within this dataset in the following locations updated weekly on the Ontario Data Catalogue:

• Ontario COVID-19 testing percent positive by age group
• Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 in Ontario
• Ontario COVID-19 testing metrics by Public Health Unit (PHU)
• Ontario COVID-19 testing percent positive by age group
• COVID-19 cases in hospital and ICU, by Ontario Health (OH) region
• Cumulative deaths (new methodology)
• Deaths Involving COVID-19 by Fatality Type

For information on Long-Term Care Home COVID-19 Data, please visit: Long-Term Care Home COVID-19 Data.

Data includes:

• reporting date
• daily tests completed
• total tests completed
• test outcomes
• total case outcomes (resolutions and deaths)
• current tests under investigation
• current hospitalizations
  • current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) due to COVID-related critical Illness
  • current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) testing positive for COVID-19
  • current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) no longer testing positive for COVID-19
  • current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) on ventilators due to COVID-related critical illness
  • current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) on ventilators testing positive for COVID-19
  • current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) on ventilators no longer testing positive for COVID-19
• Long-Term Care (LTC) resident and worker COVID-19 case and death totals
• Variants of Concern case totals
• number of new deaths reported (occurred in the last month)
• number of historical deaths reported (occurred more than one month ago)
• change in number of cases from previous day by Public Health Unit (PHU).

This dataset is subject to change. Please review the daily epidemiologic summaries for information on variables, methodology, and technical considerations.

Cumulative Deaths

**Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool **

The methodology used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed to exclude deaths not caused by COVID. This impacts data captured in the columns “Deaths”, “Deaths_Data_Cleaning” and “newly_reported_deaths” starting with data for March 11, 2022. A new column has been added to the file “Deaths_New_Methodology” which represents the methodological change.

The method used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed, effective December 1, 2022. Prior to December 1, 2022, deaths were counted based on the date the death was updated in the public health unit’s system. Going forward, deaths are counted on the date they occurred.

On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023. A small number of COVID deaths (less than 20) do not have recorded death date and will be excluded from this file.

CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags.

Related dataset(s)

• Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 in Ontario

Number and percentage of deaths, by age group, sex, and place of residence, 1991 to most recent year.

This dataset reports the daily reported number of the 7-day moving average rates of Deaths involving COVID-19 by vaccination status and by age group. Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak. Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool Data includes: * Date on which the death occurred * Age group * 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those not fully vaccinated * 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those fully vaccinated * 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those vaccinated with at least one booster ##Additional notes As of June 16, all COVID-19 datasets will be updated weekly on Thursdays by 2pm. As of January 12, 2024, data from the date of January 1, 2024 onwards reflect updated population estimates. This update specifically impacts data for the 'not fully vaccinated' category. On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023. CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags. The data does not include vaccination data for people who did not provide consent for vaccination records to be entered into the provincial COVaxON system. This includes individual records as well as records from some Indigenous communities where those communities have not consented to including vaccination information in COVaxON. “Not fully vaccinated” category includes people with no vaccine and one dose of double-dose vaccine. “People with one dose of double-dose vaccine” category has a small and constantly changing number. The combination will stabilize the results. Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts. Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different. Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the Deaths involving COVID-19 reported. Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day. This dataset is subject to change.

The Canada COVID19 dataset consists of two files and extracted from the Public Health Canada website (https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection.html) which contains the COVID-19 outbreak updates from all provinces and territories. Statistics Canada - Population data by province: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901.

The dataset consists of the following attributes: pruid, prname, prnameFR, date, numconf, numprob, numdeaths ,numtotal ,untested , numrecover, percentrecover, ratetested, umtoday, percentoday. The following columns are dropped from dataframe: percentoday, numprob, prnameFR, and pruid,

In addition, the mortality rate and P_code were added to the dataframe. Few columns have null values in the early days due to no data collection at the national level. Therefore, those values are filled with '0' values. Correlation test is performed to understand the relationship between confirmed, death, and total cases and such variables are positively correlated.

An average of 10 people die by suicide each day in Canada.

This dataset provides total number of death registrations by the location in which the death occurred. For privacy purposes, only regulation counts greater than 5 are available. Data released for 2024 is preliminary and may not match counts from other sources. The data represents counts in the reference calendar quarters, which are collated approximately 90 days after the end of the quarter. Previously released counts for 2024 are updated to reflect vital event registrations completed after the release of the initial report. Each subsequent quarterly report is the cumulative total of the preceding quarterly reports. ServiceOntario’s ability to provide timely information depends on receiving vital event registration information from a variety of sources. The preliminary data presented may not represent all the events that occurred in the reporting period. This is particularly true for events that occurred near the end of the reporting period as they may not have been received by ServiceOntario by the time the data is collated. Final counts for the reporting year will be released with the publication of the Office of the Registrar General Annual Report. The Vital Statistics Act requires that after the end of each calendar year, the Registrar General publish a report that includes the number of births, marriages, deaths, still-births, adoptions and changes of name registered during the calendar year preceding the one that has ended.

This dataset provides total number of death registrations by the primary residence of the deceased (municipality). For privacy purposes, only regulation counts greater than 5 are available. Data released for 2024 is preliminary and may not match counts from other sources. The data represents counts in the reference calendar quarters, which are collated approximately 90 days after the end of the quarter. Previously released counts for 2024 are updated to reflect vital event registrations completed after the release of the initial report. Each subsequent quarterly report is the cumulative total of the preceding quarterly reports. ServiceOntario’s ability to provide timely information depends on receiving vital event registration information from a variety of sources. The preliminary data presented may not represent all the events that occurred in the reporting period. This is particularly true for events that occurred near the end of the reporting period as they may not have been received by ServiceOntario by the time the data is collated. Final counts for the reporting year will be released with the publication of the Office of the Registrar General Annual Report. The Vital Statistics Act requires that after the end of each calendar year, the Registrar General publish a report that includes the number of births, marriages, deaths, still-births, adoptions and changes of name registered during the calendar year preceding the one that has ended.

This dataset compares birth, death and marriage registrations completed by the Office of the Registrar General, beginning in 1925, to the most current published annual report (2022). Data released for 2024 is preliminary and may not match counts from other sources. The data represents counts in the reference calendar quarters, which are collated approximately 90 days after the end of the quarter. Previously released counts for 2024 are updated to reflect vital event registrations completed after the release of the initial report. Each subsequent quarterly report is the cumulative total of the preceding quarterly reports. ServiceOntario’s ability to provide timely information depends on receiving vital event registration information from a variety of sources. The preliminary data presented may not represent all the events that occurred in the reporting period. This is particularly true for events that occurred near the end of the reporting period as they may not have been received by ServiceOntario by the time the data is collated. Final counts for the reporting year will be released with the publication of the Office of the Registrar General Annual Report. The Vital Statistics Act requires that after the end of each calendar year, the Registrar General publish a report that includes the number of births, marriages, deaths, still-births, adoptions and changes of name registered during the calendar year preceding the one that has ended.

This dataset compares birth, death and marriage registrations completed by the Office of the Registrar General, beginning in 1925, to the most current published annual report (2022). Data released for 2024 is preliminary and may not match counts from other sources. The data represents counts in the reference calendar quarters, which are collated approximately 90 days after the end of the quarter. Previously released counts for 2024 are updated to reflect vital event registrations completed after the release of the initial report. Each subsequent quarterly report is the cumulative total of the preceding quarterly reports. ServiceOntario’s ability to provide timely information depends on receiving vital event registration information from a variety of sources. The preliminary data presented may not represent all the events that occurred in the reporting period. This is particularly true for events that occurred near the end of the reporting period as they may not have been received by ServiceOntario by the time the data is collated. Final counts for the reporting year will be released with the publication of the Office of the Registrar General Annual Report. The Vital Statistics Act requires that after the end of each calendar year, the Registrar General publish a report that includes the number of births, marriages, deaths, still-births, adoptions and changes of name registered during the calendar year preceding the one that has ended.

Status of COVID-19 cases in Ontario This dataset compiles daily snapshots of publicly reported data on 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) testing in Ontario. Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak. Effective April 13, 2023, this dataset will be discontinued. The public can continue to access the data within this dataset in the following locations updated weekly on the Ontario Data Catalogue: * Ontario COVID-19 testing percent positive by age group * Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 in Ontario * Ontario COVID-19 testing metrics by Public Health Unit (PHU) * Ontario COVID-19 testing percent positive by age group * COVID-19 cases in hospital and ICU, by Ontario Health (OH) region * Cumulative deaths (new methodology) * Deaths Involving COVID-19 by Fatality Type For information on Long-Term Care Home COVID-19 Data, please visit: Long-Term Care Home COVID-19 Data. Data includes: * reporting date * daily tests completed * total tests completed * test outcomes * total case outcomes (resolutions and deaths) * current tests under investigation * current hospitalizations * current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) due to COVID-related critical Illness * current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) testing positive for COVID-19 * current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) no longer testing positive for COVID-19 * current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) on ventilators due to COVID-related critical illness * current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) on ventilators testing positive for COVID-19 * current patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) on ventilators no longer testing positive for COVID-19 * Long-Term Care (LTC) resident and worker COVID-19 case and death totals * Variants of Concern case totals * number of new deaths reported (occurred in the last month) * number of historical deaths reported (occurred more than one month ago) * change in number of cases from previous day by Public Health Unit (PHU). This dataset is subject to change. Please review the daily epidemiologic summaries for information on variables, methodology, and technical considerations. ##Cumulative Deaths Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool The methodology used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed to exclude deaths not caused by COVID. This impacts data captured in the columns “Deaths”, “Deaths_Data_Cleaning” and “newly_reported_deaths” starting with data for March 11, 2022. A new column has been added to the file “Deaths_New_Methodology” which represents the methodological change. The method used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed, effective December 1, 2022. Prior to December 1, 2022, deaths were counted based on the date the death was updated in the public health unit’s system. Going forward, deaths are counted on the date they occurred. On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023. A small number of COVID deaths (less than 20) do not have recorded death date and will be excluded from this file. CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags. ##Related dataset(s) * Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 in Ontario

This dataset compiles daily snapshots of publicly reported data on 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) testing in Ontario.

Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak.

Data includes:

• approximation of onset date
• age group
• patient gender
• case acquisition information
• patient outcome
• reporting Public Health Unit (PHU)
• postal code, website, longitude, and latitude of PHU

This dataset is subject to change. Please review the daily epidemiologic summaries for information on variables, methodology, and technical considerations.

Additional information

This data is no longer available on this page. Information about COVID-19, and other respiratory viruses, is available through Public Health Ontario’s “Ontario Respiratory Virus Tool".

On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023. This impacts data captured in the column ‘Outcome1’.

Due to changes in data availability, the following variables will be removed from this file, effective Thursday April 13, 2023: ‘Case_AcquisitionInfo’, ‘Outbreak_Related’. Also due to changes in data availability, the variable ‘Outcome1’ will be equal to ‘Fatal’ (deaths due to COVID-19) or blank (all other cases)

The methodology used to count COVID-19 deaths has changed to exclude deaths not caused by COVID. This impacts data captured in the column ‘‘Outcome1’ starting with data posted to the catalogue on March 11, 2022.

CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags.

Related dataset(s)

• Status of COVID-19 cases in Ontario

BackgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) experience elevated rates of premature mortality. Although previous studies have demonstrated the role of supervised injection facilities (SIFs) in reducing various harms associated with injection drug use, including accidental overdose death, the possible impact of SIF use on all-cause mortality is unknown. Therefore, we examined the relationship between frequent SIF use and all-cause mortality among PWID in Vancouver, Canada.Methods and findingsData were derived from 2 prospective cohort studies of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, between December 2006 and June 2017. Every 6 months, participants completed questionnaires that elicited information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, substance use patterns, social-structural exposures, and use of health services including SIFs. These data were confidentially linked to the provincial vital statistics database to ascertain mortality rates and causes of death. We used multivariable extended Cox regression analyses to estimate the independent association between frequent (i.e., at least weekly) SIF use and all-cause mortality. Of 811 participants, 278 (34.3%) were women, and the median age was 39 years (IQR 33–46) at baseline. In total, 432 (53.3%) participants reported frequent SIF use at baseline, and 379 (46.7%) did not. At baseline, frequent SIF users were on average younger than nonfrequent users, and a higher proportion of frequent SIF users than nonfrequent users were unstably housed, resided in the Downtown Eastside neighbourhood, injected in public, had a recent non-fatal overdose, used prescription opioids at least daily, injected heroin at least daily, injected cocaine at least daily, and injected crystal methamphetamine at least daily. A lower proportion of frequent SIF users than nonfrequent users were HIV positive and enrolled in addiction treatment at baseline. The median duration of follow-up among study participants was 72 months (IQR 24–123). In total, 112 participants (13.8%) died during the study period, yielding a crude mortality rate of 22.7 (95% CI 18.7–27.4) deaths per 1,000 person-years. The median years of potential life lost per death was 34 (IQR 27–42) years. In a time-updated multivariable model, frequent SIF use was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, HIV seropositivity, unstable housing, at least daily cocaine injection, public injection, incarceration, enrolment in addiction treatment, and calendar year of interview (adjusted hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.80, p = 0.006). The main study limitations are the limited generalizability of findings due to non-random sampling, the potential for reporting biases due to reliance on some self-reported information, and the possibility that residual confounding influenced findings.ConclusionsWe observed a high burden of premature mortality among a community-recruited cohort of PWID. Frequent SIF use was associated with a lower risk of death, independent of relevant confounders. These findings support efforts to enhance access to SIFs as a strategy to reduce mortality among PWID. Further analyses of individual-level data are needed to determine estimates of, and potential causal pathways underlying, associations between SIF use and specific causes of death.