The average number of deaths caused by air pollution in India was estimated at over *********** in 2021. The number of deaths caused by air pollution in India has increased by almost ** percent since 1990.

The datasets contains date- and state-wise historically compiled data on air quality (by pollution level) in rural and urban areas of India from the year 2015 , as measured by Central Pollution Board (CPCB) through its daily (24 hourly measurements, taken at 4 PM everyday) Air Quality Index (AQI) reports.

The CPCB measures air quality by continuous online monitoring of various pollutants such as Particulate Matter10 (PM10), Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide or Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonic (NH3) and Lead (Pb) and calculating their level of pollution in the ambient air. Based on the each pollutant load in the air and their associated health impacts, the CPCB calculates the overall Air Pollution in Air Quality Index (AQI) value and publishes the data. This AQI data is then used by CPCB to report the air quality status i.e good, satisfactory, moderate, poor, very poor and severe, etc. of a particular location and their related health impacts because of air pollution.

Dataset Owner: Indian GOVT Description of Data: The real-time data as collected from the field instruments is displayed live without human intervention from CPCB. It is likely that the live data may display some errors or abnormal values. Any abnormal value may be due to any episode or instrumental error at any particular time.

It contains Real time National Air Quality Index values from different monitoring stations across India. The pollutants monitored are Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) , Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone(O3) etc

IntroductionVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are compounds that have a high vapor pressure and low water solubility, which are emitted from solid or liquid sources. Emission sources indoors include furniture and building materials, cleaning and cooking activities, consumer products and office equipment. Among the various VOCs, some of them may have short- and/or long-term adverse health effects. Therefore, it is important to understand the VOC compositions that people are exposed to in indoor and outdoor environments. However, accurate monitoring of VOCs is not available for many researchers and the public. Chemical Insights, a unit of UL Research Institutes, has conducted research initiatives on characterizing VOCs in indoor and outdoor environments in China and India with collaboration with Duke University. To increase data transparency and share useful information, these research data are made available to stakeholders such as researchers, educators, and general public who may need environmental VOC data.MethodsThe methods of sample collection and analysis have been developed and validated previously. VOCs were collected on Tenax® TA (60/80 mesh) sorbent tubes and then thermally desorbed and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) following the US EPA Methods TO-171 and TO-12. Individual VOCs were quantified using multi-point calibration curves with authentic standards if available. Total VOC (TVOC) was the sum of toluene equivalent response in C6 to C16 range. Low-molecular-weight carbonyls (aldehydes) samples were collected on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following EPA Method TO-11A.3 The laboratory quality program enables the accuracy of the identification and quantification of analyzed VOCs and aldehydes. The China campaign included 42 households in Shanghai collected in April 2017;4 the India campaign included 26 homes in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, Gujarat during May 2019 and January 2020.5 Details of the study and sampling plan can be found in peer-reviewed publications.4,5DatabaseThis database includes all detected VOCs with their concentrations from China and India campaigns. This database provides information on indoor and outdoor VOC compositions and levels. In addition, the China data includes a comparison for the impact of filtration (portable air cleaner with HEPA and carbon filters) on indoor VOC levels. The India data includes comparisons of diurnal (morning vs. afternoon) and seasonal (summer vs. winter) differences of VOCs at the same location. This database helps in understanding the variation of indoor and outdoor VOC species in different countries and regions, the potential sources of indoor and outdoor VOCs, as well as the trends of VOCs under different spatial and temporal variations. This data allows users to identify commonly (or uniquely) and abundantly existing chemical agents in different environments and the range of their levels due to variations in locations, time, settings and activities. This data is beneficial for a wide range of stakeholders, including consumers, manufacturers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and the public. Please see ULRI_CHINA+INDIA_NOTE file for details of data dictionary.Data portalThe data portal provides an interactive way of viewing and screening data by selecting the parameters of interest. Users can download the data as needed.ReferencesUS EPA. Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Second Edition Compendium Method TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent Tubes, 1999.US EPA. Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air - Second Edition. Compendium Method TO-1 Method for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air Using Tenax® Adsorption and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), 1999.US EPA. Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Second Edition Compendium Method TO-11A Determination of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air Using Adsorbent Cartridge Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 1999.Norris, C.; Fang, L.; Barkjohn, K. K.; Carlson, D.; Zhang, Y.; Mo, J.; Li, Z.; Zhang, J.; Cui, X.; Schauer, J. J.; Davis, A.; Black, M.; Bergin, M. H. Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in Suburban Homes in Shanghai, China, and the Impact of Air Filtration on Compound Concentrations. Chemosphere 2019, 231, 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.059.Norris, C. L.; Edwards, R.; Ghoroi, C.; Schauer, J. J.; Black, M.; Bergin, M. H. A Pilot Study to Quantify Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Sources Inside and Outside Homes in Urban India in Summer and Winter during Normal Daily Activities. Environments 2022, 9 (7), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9070075.

Per capita carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India have soared in recent decades, climbing from 0.4 metric tons per person in 1970 to a high of 2.07 metric tons per person in 2023. Total CO₂ emissions in India also reached a record high in 2023. Greenhouse gas emissions in India India is the third-largest CO₂ emitter globally, behind only China and the United States. Among the various economic sectors of the country, the power sector accounts for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions in India, followed by agriculture. Together, these two sectors were responsible for more than half of India's total emissions in 2023. Coal emissions One of the main reasons for India's high emissions is the country's reliance on coal, the most polluting of fossil fuels. India's CO₂ emissions from coal totaled roughly two billion metric tons in 2023, a near sixfold increase from 1990 levels.

In 2021, the Indian state of Rajasthan had the highest number of people affected with acute respiratory infections at over *** million cases. The states of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh occupied the second and the third place respectively. India's growing air pollution has increased the risk of such diseases. Acute respiratory diseases can be highly contagious and lethal like tuberculosis, or they can be non-communicable like asthma.