Natural Disasters Deaths

People killed in natural disasters by country by year

About this dataset

How much do natural disasters cost us? In lives, in dollars, in infrastructure? This dataset attempts to answer those questions, tracking the death toll and damage cost of major natural disasters since 1985. Disasters included are storms ( hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones ), floods, earthquakes, droughts, wildfires, and extreme temperatures

How to use the dataset

This dataset contains information on natural disasters that have occurred around the world from 1900 to 2017. The data includes the date of the disaster, the location, the type of disaster, the number of people killed, and the estimated cost in US dollars

Research Ideas

• An all-in-one disaster map displaying all recorded natural disasters dating back to 1900.
• Natural disaster hotspots - where do natural disasters most commonly occur and kill the most people?
• A live map tracking current natural disasters around the world

Acknowledgements

License

See the dataset description for more information.

Analysis of ‘Natural Disasters Data Explorer’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/mathurinache/natural-disasters-data-explorer on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

Disasters include all geophysical, meteorological and climate events including earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, drought, wildfires, storms, and flooding. Decadal figures are measured as the annual average over the subsequent ten-year period.

Content

Thanks to Our World in Data, you can explore death from natural disasters by country and by date.

Acknowledgements

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Inspiration

List of variables for inspiration: Number of deaths from drought Number of people injured from drought Number of people affected from drought Number of people left homeless from drought Number of total people affected by drought Reconstruction costs from drought Insured damages against drought Total economic damages from drought Death rates from drought Injury rates from drought Number of people affected by drought per 100,000 Homelessness rate from drought Total number of people affected by drought per 100,000 Number of deaths from earthquakes Number of people injured from earthquakes Number of people affected by earthquakes Number of people left homeless from earthquakes Number of total people affected by earthquakes Reconstruction costs from earthquakes Insured damages against earthquakes Total economic damages from earthquakes Death rates from earthquakes Injury rates from earthquakes Number of people affected by earthquakes per 100,000 Homelessness rate from earthquakes Total number of people affected by earthquakes per 100,000 Number of deaths from disasters Number of people injured from disasters Number of people affected by disasters Number of people left homeless from disasters Number of total people affected by disasters Reconstruction costs from disasters Insured damages against disasters Total economic damages from disasters Death rates from disasters Injury rates from disasters Number of people affected by disasters per 100,000 Homelessness rate from disasters Total number of people affected by disasters per 100,000 Number of deaths from volcanic activity Number of people injured from volcanic activity Number of people affected by volcanic activity Number of people left homeless from volcanic activity Number of total people affected by volcanic activity Reconstruction costs from volcanic activity Insured damages against volcanic activity Total economic damages from volcanic activity Death rates from volcanic activity Injury rates from volcanic activity Number of people affected by volcanic activity per 100,000 Homelessness rate from volcanic activity Total number of people affected by volcanic activity per 100,000 Number of deaths from floods Number of people injured from floods Number of people affected by floods Number of people left homeless from floods Number of total people affected by floods Reconstruction costs from floods Insured damages against floods Total economic damages from floods Death rates from floods Injury rates from floods Number of people affected by floods per 100,000 Homelessness rate from floods Total number of people affected by floods per 100,000 Number of deaths from mass movements Number of people injured from mass movements Number of people affected by mass movements Number of people left homeless from mass movements Number of total people affected by mass movements Reconstruction costs from mass movements Insured damages against mass movements Total economic damages from mass movements Death rates from mass movements Injury rates from mass movements Number of people affected by mass movements per 100,000 Homelessness rate from mass movements Total number of people affected by mass movements per 100,000 Number of deaths from storms Number of people injured from storms Number of people affected by storms Number of people left homeless from storms Number of total people affected by storms Reconstruction costs from storms Insured damages against storms Total economic damages from storms Death rates from storms Injury rates from storms Number of people affected by storms per 100,000 Homelessness rate from storms Total number of people affected by storms per 100,000 Number of deaths from landslides Number of people injured from landslides Number of people affected by landslides Number of people left homeless from landslides Number of total people affected by landslides Reconstruction costs from landslides Insured damages against landslides Total economic damages from landslides Death rates from landslides Injury rates from landslides Number of people affected by landslides per 100,000 Homelessness rate from landslides Total number of people affected by landslides per 100,000 Number of deaths from fog Number of people injured from fog Number of people affected by fog Number of people left homeless from fog Number of total people affected by fog Reconstruction costs from fog Insured damages against fog Total economic damages from fog Death rates from fog Injury rates from fog Number of people affected by fog per 100,000 Homelessness rate from fog Total number of people affected by fog per 100,000 Number of deaths from wildfires Number of people injured from wildfires Number of people affected by wildfires Number of people left homeless from wildfires Number of total people affected by wildfires Reconstruction costs from wildfires Insured damages against wildfires Total economic damages from wildfires Death rates from wildfires Injury rates from wildfires Number of people affected by wildfires per 100,000 Homelessness rate from wildfires Total number of people affected by wildfires per 100,000 Number of deaths from extreme temperatures Number of people injured from extreme temperatures Number of people affected by extreme temperatures Number of people left homeless from extreme temperatures Number of total people affected by extreme temperatures Reconstruction costs from extreme temperatures Insured damages against extreme temperatures Total economic damages from extreme temperatures Death rates from extreme temperatures Injury rates from extreme temperatures Number of people affected by extreme temperatures per 100,000 Homelessness rate from extreme temperatures Total number of people affected by extreme temperatures per 100,000 Number of deaths from glacial lake outbursts Number of people injured from glacial lake outbursts Number of people affected by glacial lake outbursts Number of people left homeless from glacial lake outbursts Number of total people affected by glacial lake outbursts Reconstruction costs from glacial lake outbursts Insured damages against glacial lake outbursts Total economic damages from glacial lake outbursts Death rates from glacial lake outbursts Injury rates from glacial lake outbursts Number of people affected by glacial lake outbursts per 100,000 Homelessness rate from glacial lake outbursts Total number of people affected by glacial lake outbursts per 100,000 Total economic damages from disasters as a share of GDP Total economic damages from drought as a share of GDP Total economic damages from earthquakes as a share of GDP Total economic damages from extreme temperatures as a share of GDP Total economic damages from floods as a share of GDP Total economic damages from landslides as a share of GDP Total economic damages from mass movements as a share of GDP Total economic damages from storms as a share of GDP Total economic damages from volcanic activity as a share of GDP Total economic damages from volcanic activity as a share of GDP Entity Year deaths_rate_per_100k_storm injured_rate_per_100k_storm total_affected_rate_per_100k_all_disasters

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Nigeria NG: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.055 % in 2009. Nigeria NG: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.055 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Nigeria NG: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

About this AppThe Drought Aware app provides information about areas in the U.S. affected by drought across different time intervals and over multiple drought intensities. The app shows summaries about the affected population and the potential impacts to crops, agricultural labor, rivers, and reservoirs.Use this AppDisplay drought maps for different weeks by clicking on the time-series chart (top bar) or by scrolling through time using the sector chart (top-left). Hover on each drought intensity level in the sector chart to highlight the areas on the map and display the area percentage. Click on the map to display a panel with summary information for the selected area. The panel includes three categories (1) population, (2) water, and (3) agriculture. App CategoriesThe Drought Aware app summarizes information in three categories:Population: displays the estimated people and households affected by drought at each intensity level, describes some of the vulnerable populations, and lists the related drought risk indexes. The data is available at County and State levels. Water: depicts the major local rivers, the average inter-annual river flow, and the relevant local reservoirs. The data is available at the Subregion Hydrologic Units (HUC4)Agriculture: shows the potential economic impact by major crop, the affected labor, and the agricultural exposure to droughts. The data is available at County and State levels. Drought Definitions Abnormally Dry (D0) Going into drought there is short-term dryness slowing planting, growth of crops or pastures. Coming out of drought there are some lingering water deficits; pastures or crops not fully recovered. Moderate Drought (D1) Some damage to crops and pastures. Streams, reservoirs, or wells low, some water shortages developing or imminent. Voluntary water-use restrictions requested. Severe Drought (D2) Crop or pasture losses likely. Water shortages are common. Water restrictions imposed. Extreme Drought (D3) Major crop/pasture losses. Widespread water shortages or restrictions. Exceptional Drought (D4) Exceptional and widespread crop/pasture losses. Shortages of water in reservoirs, streams, and wells create water emergencies.Data SourcesThe data layers used in this app can be found in ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World:U.S. Drought Monitor American Community Survey (ACS)USDA Census of AgricultureFEMA National Risk IndexNational Water Model (NWM)National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)National Inventory of Dams (NID)National Boundary Dataset (WBD)UpdateThe data behind the app is updated every week once a U.S. Drought Monitor map is released. The update process is automated using a live feed routine. This layer is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.RevisionsOct 16, 2024: Official release of the Drought Aware app.

Kenya KE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 6.478 % in 2009. Kenya KE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 6.478 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Kenya KE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kenya – Table KE.World Bank: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

This series of datasets has been created by AAFC’s National Agroclimate Information Service (NAIS) of the Agro-Climate, Geomatics and Earth Observations (ACGEO) Division of the Science and Technology Branch. The Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM) is a composite product developed from a wide assortment of information such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), streamflow values, Palmer Drought Index, and drought indicators used by the agriculture, forest and water management sectors. Drought prone regions are analyzed based on precipitation, temperature, drought model index maps, and climate data and are interpreted by federal, provincial and academic scientists. Once a consensus is reached, a monthly map showing drought designations for Canada is digitized. AAFC’s National Agroclimate Information Service (NAIS) updates this dataset on a monthly basis, usually by the 10th of every month to correspond to the end of the previous month, and subsequent Canadian input into the larger North American Drought Monitor (NA-DM). The drought areas are classified as follows: D0 (Abnormally Dry) – represents an event that occurs once every 3-5 years; D1 (Moderate Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 5-10 years; D2 (Severe Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 10-20 years; D3 (Extreme Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 20-25 years; and D4 (Exceptional Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 50 years. Impact lines highlight areas that have been physically impacted by drought. Impact labels specify the longitude and magnitude of impacts. The impact labels are classified as follows: S – Short-Term, typically less than 6 months (e.g. agriculture, grasslands). L – Long-Term, typically more than 6 months (e.g. hydrology, ecology).

Vietnam VN: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 1.599 % in 2009. Vietnam VN: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 1.599 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Vietnam VN: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Zambia ZM: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 4.200 % in 2009. Zambia ZM: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 4.200 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Zambia ZM: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Zambia – Table ZM.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Hydrologic Extremes and Society Chair: Hilary McMillan (San Diego State University) This session focuses on observations, prediction, communication and adaptation to hydrologic extremes. By bringing together ideas from flood and drought research, we analyze similarities and differences in societal impacts and interactions with these two extremes. We explore how providing observations and information about hydrologic extremes can change the way societies understand and react to crisis events.

"Tracking Drought Impacts Across Space, Time, Sectors and Scales" Speaker: Kelly Smith (University of Nebraska Lincoln)

In the 1990s and early 2000s, drought disaster researchers called for creation of a comprehensive database of drought impacts. But creation of such a database presumes that there is a single perspective from which all impacts will be visible. In fact, drought impacts are like fractals – as you focus on smaller scales, new realms of detail become apparent. An individual farmer’s drought-related loss or the hardship that an agricultural community experiences may be completely lost when drought impacts are aggregated to a national scale. Furthermore, drought impacts occur within specific contexts – a household has to water landscape and garden plants more; a reservoir operator produces less hydropower; fish die because a river dried up; fewer lift tickets are sold when there is no snow; and so on. Decision-makers in each of these sectors may or may not consider drought – an abstraction, often one of many pressures – as causing a separate impact, and they typically describe its effects, nested within a context that includes both long- and short term institutional effects. And many people have the adaptive capacity to foresee and prevent losses – a ski resort may offer hiking opportunities instead – so lack of water does not always translate into a drought impact. While this may seem obvious, it means there is no common framework for identifying, let alone quantifying, drought impacts. Sector and scale both matter. Large-scale commodity crops and hydropower production are some of the easiest drought impacts to quantify. Health effects to individuals and ecosystems are some of the hardest. Data collection requires resources, and in the absence of unlimited resources, we need to determine what data needs to be collected – or analyzed – to manage drought impacts.

Somalia SO: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 4.604 % in 2009. Somalia SO: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 4.604 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Somalia SO: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Somalia – Table SO.World Bank: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

A drought is a natural hazard that is characterized by an extended period of dryness or a deficiency or lack of precipitation. Droughts are normal for many climate zones and are a natural part of climate variability. They may last for weeks, months, or even years. There are four types of drought:An agricultural drought occurs when there is not enough soil moisture to grow crops. This can be due to a lack of precipitation or reduced groundwater or reservoir levels needed to maintain irrigation.A hydrological drought occurs when surface or groundwater levels decrease. This could be due to reduced precipitation totals or overuse.A meteorological drought occurs when a place receives less precipitation than normal.A socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for a good exceeds the supply due to a weather-related deficit in water.Drought has many interconnected impacts. The most obvious are those influencing the agriculture industry. Without enough water, crops fail, which results in food shortages for humans and livestock. This drives up prices, causing some families to go without the goods impacted by the dry spell. While irrigation from surface or groundwater sources may be able to alleviate the issue in the short term, these have their own drawbacks. For example, pumping groundwater at a faster rate than it can be replenished (if it can be replenished) will lead to land subsidence, which can damage critical infrastructure or make room for seawater intrusion in coastal regions, killing salt intolerant species–including crops–or causing contamination of drinking water.Humans are not the only organisms affected by drought. Without water, native plants may wither and animals may have to travel long distances to access water or die of thirst. The lack of water can lead to local extinction events or landscape or ecosystem changes in favor of species with lower water needs. Dry vegetation can also become fuel for wildfires sparked by lightning or human activity.Life cannot exist without water, which is perhaps why the first cities formed along rivers. As with all natural resources, rules and regulations have been created surrounding the use and protection of this vital commodity. One of the most infamous and influential in the United States is the Colorado River Compact of 1922. The Compact was written during a noted wet period in history and allotted amounts of water from the Colorado River to the U.S. states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. This is the document regional water rights and laws have since been built upon. In spite of not taking into consideration the water needs of Native Americans forced onto regional reservations or of Mexico, each state was permitted to take a designated amount from the river. Mexico was eventually allotted water in a treaty signed in 1944, although the Colorado River runs dry before it reaches the Gulf of California.Droughts have played an important role throughout history. They are suspected to have spurred human migration out of Africa and ended civilizations such as the Mayan Empire. The Dust Bowl hit the Great Plains region of the United States from 1930 to 1936. This displaced an estimated 2 million people and led to disease outbreaks among people weakened by malnutrition as a result of crop failures due to poor land management practices in the prior decades, topsoil erosion, and a severe drought.As Earth’s climate continues to warm, models show dry places are likely to become drier. Rising temperatures facilitate quicker evaporation, increasing drought risk or prolonging ongoing droughts.It is important to practice water conservation whether your region is experiencing a drought or not. On a larger scale, you can advocate for water conservation legislation by writing, calling, or voting for leaders who are working toward systemic change. Here are some things you can implement on a personal level:Capture water you use while you are washing your hands or waiting for the shower to get warm and use that water for your house plants or your garden.Fix or call a plumber to repair any leaks in your plumbing or faucets.Install low-flow fixtures or appliances, use low-volume toilets, or retrofit existing faucets with flow restrictors.Compost food scraps rather than putting them in the garbage disposal.Plant native or drought-tolerant plants on your property.Harvest rainwater.Water plants and gardens by hand or choose water-efficient irrigation systems with a smart, weather-based controller and check the systems regularly to be sure they are watering plants and not pavement.Reduce the amount of fertilizer you use as it increases the amount of water needed.Mow your lawn at 3 inches or higher to encourage grass to root more deeply and hold soil moisture. Mulch your garden to help the soil retain moisture and keep weeds at bay that would compete with your plants for water.Keep your pool covered to minimize water evaporation.Take shorter showers.Only use the laundry machine or dishwasher when they are full, and use water-saving features if available.Wash your car at a car wash that recycles water or wash it less often or not at all.Drought intensity data from the National Drought Mitigation Center’s United States Drought Monitor is calculated from measures of precipitation, stream flow, and soil moisture. Scientists look at long-term averages and compare current conditions to determine if a region is drier or wetter than it has been historically. This real-time dataset updates every Friday around 10 a.m. coordinated universal time and displays conditions for the previous week. The data has been classified into five categories: abnormally dry, moderate drought, severe drought, extreme drought, and exceptional drought.Under abnormally dry conditions, one might observe slower plant growth or lower water availability. During moderate drought, crops may be damaged and water shortages may develop, triggering some municipalities to request residents implement water-use restrictions, such as turning off sprinkler systems. Under severe drought conditions, crop losses become likely, water shortages are common, and water-use restrictions would be implemented with fines issued to those who do not follow them. Extreme drought would result in major crop losses and widespread water deficits and use restrictions. Finally, exceptional drought would lead to exceptional losses in agriculture and water emergencies.

Sri Lanka LK: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 2.160 % in 2009. Sri Lanka LK: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.160 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Sri Lanka LK: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sri Lanka – Table LK.World Bank: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Rwanda RW: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 1.296 % in 2009. Rwanda RW: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 1.296 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Rwanda RW: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Rwanda – Table RW.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Collection of national and local level records on past flood and drought events. Most Information is on flood events, because drought data was not provided. There are gaps in the records. For several years there are only very few entries depending on the countries. The database exists in two parts. This part deals with the information collected directly within the countries from the national disaster management authorities and agricultural ministries (CONASUR, NADMO, ANPC and MDGLAAT). All available information that was recorded was included. For some entries, event-specific information could be included while for others aggregated information per year or per quarter of a year was used (not event-specific). A working paper documents the content and results of both event databases, the open source data event database and the local data event database. The three maps on (i) flood affected people, (ii) flood affected houses, and (iii) flood affected crops are drawn to illustrate the content of the database in an aggregated manner.

Yemen YE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.099 % in 2009. Yemen YE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.099 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Yemen YE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Yemen – Table YE.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

United States US: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.214 % in 2009. United States US: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.214 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. United States US: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Uzbekistan UZ: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.124 % in 2009. Uzbekistan UZ: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.124 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Uzbekistan UZ: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Uzbekistan – Table UZ.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Ireland IE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.005 % in 2009. Ireland IE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.005 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Ireland IE: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.World Bank: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

Ukraine UA: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.269 % in 2009. Ukraine UA: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.269 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Ukraine UA: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

This Map shows natural climatological drought disasters occurrence from 1900 to 2015. The data source is from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, EM-DAT database.

EM-DAT is a global database on natural and technological disasters that contains essential core data on the occurrence and effects climatological disasters in the world from 1900 to present. EM-DAT is maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) at the School of Public Health of the Université catholique de Louvain located in Brussels, Belgium. The database is compiled from various sources, including UN agencies, non-governmental organisations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies. The main objective of the database is to serve the purposes of humanitarian action at national and international levels in order to rationalise decision making for disaster preparedness, as well as providing an objective base for vulnerability assessment and priority setting. In EM-DAT data are considered at the country level for two reasons: first, it is at this level that they are usually reported; and second, it allows the aggregation and disaggregation of data. In order to facilitate the comparison over time, the event start date has been used as the disaster reference date.

Affected people are the number of people requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency; this may include displaced or evacuated people. Total affected are the sum of injured, homeless and affected. Total Deaths are the number of people who lost their life because the event happened (it includes also the missing people based on official figures). Homeless are the number of people whose house is destroyed or heavily damaged and therefore need shelter after an event.