EMSIndicators:The number of individual patients administered naloxone by EMSThe number of naloxone administrations by EMSThe rate of EMS calls involving naloxone administrations per 10,000 residentsData Source:The Vermont Statewide Incident Reporting Network (SIREN) is a comprehensive electronic prehospital patient care data collection, analysis, and reporting system. EMS reporting serves several important functions, including legal documentation, quality improvement initiatives, billing, and evaluation of individual and agency performance measures.Law Enforcement Indicators:The Number of law enforcement responses to accidental opioid-related non-fatal overdosesData Source:The Drug Monitoring Initiative (DMI) was established by the Vermont Intelligence Center (VIC) in an effort to combat the opioid epidemic in Vermont. It serves as a repository of drug data for Vermont and manages overdose and seizure databases. Notes:Overdose data provided in this dashboard are derived from multiple sources and should be considered preliminary and therefore subject to change. Overdoses included are those that Vermont law enforcement responded to. Law enforcement personnel do not respond to every overdose, and therefore, the numbers in this report are not representative of all overdoses in the state. The overdoses included are limited to those that are suspected to have been caused, at least in part, by opioids. Inclusion is based on law enforcement's perception and representation in Records Management Systems (RMS). All Vermont law enforcement agencies are represented, with the exception of Norwich Police Department, Hartford Police Department, and Windsor Police Department, due to RMS access. Questions regarding this dataset can be directed to the Vermont Intelligence Center at dps.vicdrugs@vermont.gov.Overdoses Indicators:The number of accidental and undetermined opioid-related deathsThe number of accidental and undetermined opioid-related deaths with cocaine involvementThe percent of accidental and undetermined opioid-related deaths with cocaine involvementThe rate of accidental and undetermined opioid-related deathsThe rate of heroin nonfatal overdose per 10,000 ED visitsThe rate of opioid nonfatal overdose per 10,000 ED visitsThe rate of stimulant nonfatal overdose per 10,000 ED visitsData Source:Vermont requires towns to report all births, marriages, and deaths. These records, particularly birth and death records are used to study and monitor the health of a population. Deaths are reported via the Electronic Death Registration System. Vermont publishes annual Vital Statistics reports.The Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE) captures and analyzes recent Emergency Department visit data for trends and signals of abnormal activity that may indicate the occurrence of significant public health events.Population Health Indicators:The percent of adolescents in grades 6-8 who used marijuana in the past 30 daysThe percent of adolescents in grades 9-12 who used marijuana in the past 30 daysThe percent of adolescents in grades 9-12 who drank any alcohol in the past 30 daysThe percent of adolescents in grades 9-12 who binge drank in the past 30 daysThe percent of adolescents in grades 9-12 who misused any prescription medications in the past 30 daysThe percent of adults who consumed alcohol in the past 30 daysThe percent of adults who binge drank in the past 30 daysThe percent of adults who used marijuana in the past 30 daysData Sources:The Vermont Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is part of a national school-based surveillance system conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The YRBS monitors health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and young adults.The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a telephone survey conducted annually among adults 18 and older. The Vermont BRFSS is completed by the Vermont Department of Health in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Notes:Prevalence estimates and trends for the 2021 Vermont YRBS were likely impacted by significant factors unique to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the delay of the survey administration period resulting in a younger population completing the survey. Students who participated in the 2021 YRBS may have had a different educational and social experience compared to previous participants. Disruptions, including remote learning, lack of social interactions, and extracurricular activities, are likely reflected in the survey results. As a result, no trend data is included in the 2021 report and caution should be used when interpreting and comparing the 2021 results to other years.The Vermont Department of Health (VDH) seeks to promote destigmatizing and equitable language. While the VDH uses the term "cannabis" to reflect updated terminology, the data sources referenced in this data brief use the term "marijuana" to refer to cannabis. Prescription Drugs Indicators:The average daily MMEThe average day's supplyThe average day's supply for opioid analgesic prescriptionsThe number of prescriptionsThe percent of the population receiving at least one prescriptionThe percent of prescriptionsThe proportion of opioid analgesic prescriptionsThe rate of prescriptions per 100 residentsData Source:The Vermont Prescription Monitoring System (VPMS) is an electronic data system that collects information on Schedule II-IV controlled substance prescriptions dispensed by pharmacies. VPMS proactively safeguards public health and safety while supporting the appropriate use of controlled substances. The program helps healthcare providers improve patient care. VPMS data is also a health statistics tool that is used to monitor statewide trends in the dispensing of prescriptions.Treatment Indicators:The number of times a new substance use disorder is diagnosed (Medicaid recipients index events)The number of times substance use disorder treatment is started within 14 days of diagnosis (Medicaid recipients initiation events)The number of times two or more treatment services are provided within 34 days of starting treatment (Medicaid recipients engagement events)The percent of times substance use disorder treatment is started within 14 days of diagnosis (Medicaid recipients initiation rate)The percent of times two or more treatment services are provided within 34 days of starting treatment (Medicaid recipients engagement rate)The MOUD treatment rate per 10,000 peopleThe number of people who received MOUD treatmentData Source:Vermont Medicaid ClaimsThe Vermont Prescription Monitoring System (VPMS)Substance Abuse Treatment Information System (SATIS)

Einstellung zu Drogen. Themen: Präferierte Ansprechpartner für Informationen über illegale Drogen und Drogenkonsum; Informationsquellen für Informationen zu Auswirkungen und Risiken des Drogenkonsums; Konsum ´neuer psychoaktiver Substanzen (NPS)´ (´Legal Highs´), die die Wirkung illegaler Drogen imitieren, in den letzten zwölf Monaten; Kauf der neuen synthetischen Drogen von einem Freund, in einem Spezialgeschäft, im Internet bzw. von einem Drogendealer; Konsumsituation (allein, mit Freunden, während einer Party oder Veranstaltung bzw. im Alltag); Informationsquellen für erhaltene Informationen zu Auswirkungen und Risiken des Konsums neuer synthetischer Drogen; Einschätzung des Gesundheitsrisikos jeweils beim ein- oder zweimaligen Konsum und beim regelmäßigen Konsum von Cannabis, Ecstasy, Alkohol, Kokain sowie von neuen synthetischen Drogen, die die Wirkung illegaler Drogen imitieren; effektivste staatliche Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Drogenproblematik (Kampagnen zur Information und Vorbeugung, Behandlung und Rehabilitation von Drogenkonsumenten, strenge Maßnahmen gegen Drogendealer und Drogenhändler bzw. gegen Drogenkonsumenten, Drogen legalisieren, Reduzierung von Armut und Arbeitslosigkeit mehr Freizeitangebote für Jugendliche); Forderung nach einem (weiteren) Verbot oder einer gesetzlichen Regelung des Konsums ausgewählter Substanzen (Cannabis, Tabak, Ecstasy, Heroin, Alkohol, Kokain); geeigneter Umgang mit legalen neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen (Regulierung einführen, Verbot nur bei Gesundheitsrisiko, generelles Verbot, nichts tun); Beschaffungsmöglichkeit ausgewählter Substanzen innerhalb von 24 Stunden (Cannabis, Alkohol, Kokain, Ecstasy, Tabak, Heroin, neue psychoaktive Substanzen); Cannabiskonsum. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Beschäftigungsstatus und berufliche Stellung des Haupteinkommensbeziehers im Haushalt (falls Befragter Schüler oder Student); Beschäftigungsstatus und berufliche Stellung des Befragten; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad des Wohnortes; Mobiltelefonbesitz; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt ab 15 Jahren (Haushaltsgröße). Attitude towards drugs. Topics: Preferred contact for information about illicit drugs and drug use in general; information sources for information about the effects and risks of drug use of illicit drugs; consumption of new psychoactive substances (‘legal highs’) that imitate the effects of illicit drugs, in the last year; purchase of new substances by a friend, from a specialised shop, from the Internet or from a drug dealer; circumstances of use (alone, with friends, during a party or an event or during normal daily activities); information sources for information about the effects and risks of the use of new substances; assessment of the risk to a person’s health using cannabis, ecstasy, alcohol, cocaine, and new substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs, once or twice and regularly; most effective ways for public authorities to reduce drugs problems (information and prevention campaigns, treatment and rehabilitation of drug users, tough measures against drug dealers and traffickers, as well as drug users, legalize drugs, reduction of poverty and unemployment, more leisure activities for young people); demand for (continued) banning or a legal regulation of the following substances (cannabis, tobacco, ecstasy, heroin, alcohol, cocaine); appropriate way to handle new psychoactive substances (introduce regulation, ban them only if they pose a risk to health, ban them under any circumstance, do nothing); possibility to obtain selected substances within 24 hours (cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, ecstasy, tobacco, heroin, new psychoactive substances); respondent has used cannabis. Demography: age; sex; highest education level; occupation and professional position of the main wage earner in the household (only full time students); occupation and professional position of the respondent; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone in the household; number of persons aged 15 years and older in the household (household size). Telephone interview: CATI Bevölkerung der jeweiligen Nationalitäten der 28 Mitgliedsstaaten der EU, wohnhaft in den jeweiligen Mitgliedsstaaten im Alter zwischen 15 und 24 Jahren Die Umfrage umfast die nationale Bevölkerung der Bürger (in diesen Ländern) sowie die Bevölkerung der Bürger aller Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union, die Bewohner dieser Länder sind und über ausreichende Kenntnisse der Landessprachen verfügen, um den Fragebogen zu beantworten. Population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the 28 Member States and aged between 15 and 24 years old. The survey covers the national population of citizens (in these countries) as well as the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States that are residents in these countries and have a sufficient command of the national languages to answer the questionnaire.

Context

RxNorm is a name of a US-specific terminology in medicine that contains all medications available on US market. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RxNorm

RxNorm provides normalized names for clinical drugs and links its names to many of the drug vocabularies commonly used in pharmacy management and drug interaction software, including those of First Databank, Micromedex, Gold Standard Drug Database, and Multum. By providing links between these vocabularies, RxNorm can mediate messages between systems not using the same software and vocabulary. Source: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/

Content

RxNorm was created by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) to provide a normalized naming system for clinical drugs, defined as the combination of {ingredient + strength + dose form}. In addition to the naming system, the RxNorm dataset also provides structured information such as brand names, ingredients, drug classes, and so on, for each clinical drug. Typical uses of RxNorm include navigating between names and codes among different drug vocabularies and using information in RxNorm to assist with health information exchange/medication reconciliation, e-prescribing, drug analytics, formulary development, and other functions.

This public dataset includes multiple data files originally released in RxNorm Rich Release Format (RXNRRF) that are loaded into Bigquery tables. The data is updated and archived on a monthly basis.

The following tables are included in the RxNorm dataset:

• RXNCONSO contains concept and source information

• RXNREL contains information regarding relationships between entities

• RXNSAT contains attribute information

• RXNSTY contains semantic information

• RXNSAB contains source info

• RXNCUI contains retired rxcui codes

• RXNATOMARCHIVE contains archived data

• RXNCUICHANGES contains concept changes

Update Frequency: Monthly

Fork this kernel to get started with this dataset.

Acknowledgements

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/

https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/dataset/bigquery-public-data:nlm_rxnorm

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/rxnorm

Dataset Source: Unified Medical Language System RxNorm. The dataset is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset. This dataset uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the dataset, does not endorse or recommend this or any other dataset.

Banner Photo by @freestocks from Unsplash.

Inspiration

What are the RXCUI codes for the ingredients of a list of drugs?

Which ingredients have the most variety of dose forms?

In what dose forms is the drug phenylephrine found?

What are the ingredients of the drug labeled with the generic code number 072718?

Analysis of ‘Drug Consumptions (UCI)’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/obeykhadija/drug-consumptions-uci on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

Data Set Information:

Database contains records for 1885 respondents. For each respondent 12 attributes are known: Personality measurements which include NEO-FFI-R (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), BIS-11 (impulsivity), and ImpSS (sensation seeking), level of education, age, gender, country of residence and ethnicity. All input attributes are originally categorical and are quantified. After quantification values of all input features can be considered as real-valued. In addition, participants were questioned concerning their use of 18 legal and illegal drugs (alcohol, amphetamines, amyl nitrite, benzodiazepine, cannabis, chocolate, cocaine, caffeine, crack, ecstasy, heroin, ketamine, legal highs, LSD, methadone, mushrooms, nicotine and volatile substance abuse and one fictitious drug (Semeron) which was introduced to identify over-claimers. For each drug they have to select one of the answers: never used the drug, used it over a decade ago, or in the last decade, year, month, week, or day.

Detailed description of database and process of data quantification are presented in E. Fehrman, A. K. Muhammad, E. M. Mirkes, V. Egan and A. N. Gorban, "The Five Factor Model of personality and evaluation of drug consumption risk.," arXiv [Web Link], 2015 Paper above solve binary classification problem for all drugs. For most of drugs sensitivity and specificity are greater than 75%

Since all of the features have been quantified into real values please refer to the link to the original dataset to get more clarity on categorical variables. For example, for EScore (extraversion) 9 people scored 55 which corresponds to a quantified (real) value of in the dataset 2.57309. I have also converted some variables back into their categorical values which are included in the drug_consumption.csv file Original Dataset

Content

Feature Attributes for Quantified Data: 1. ID: is a number of records in an original database. Cannot be related to the participant. It can be used for reference only. 2. Age (Real) is the age of participant 3. Gender: Male or Female 4. Education: level of education of participant 5. Country: country of origin of the participant 6. Ethnicity: ethnicity of participant 7. Nscore (Real) is NEO-FFI-R Neuroticism 8. Escore (Real) is NEO-FFI-R Extraversion 9. Oscore (Real) is NEO-FFI-R Openness to experience. 10. Ascore (Real) is NEO-FFI-R Agreeableness. 11. Cscore (Real) is NEO-FFI-R Conscientiousness. 12. Impulsive (Real) is impulsiveness measured by BIS-11 13. SS (Real) is sensation seeing measured by ImpSS 14. Alcohol: alcohol consumption 15. Amphet: amphetamines consumption 16. Amyl: nitrite consumption 17. Benzos: benzodiazepine consumption 18. Caff: caffeine consumption 19. Cannabis: marijuana consumption 20. Choc: chocolate consumption 21. Coke: cocaine consumption 22. Crack: crack cocaine consumption 23. Ecstasy: ecstasy consumption 24. Heroin: heroin consumption 25. Ketamine: ketamine consumption 26. Legalh: legal highs consumption 27. LSD: LSD consumption 28. Meth: methadone consumption 29. Mushroom: magic mushroom consumption 30. Nicotine: nicotine consumption 31. Semer: class of fictitious drug Semeron consumption (i.e. control) 32. VSA: class of volatile substance abuse consumption

Rating's for Drug Use: - CL0 Never Used - CL1 Used over a Decade Ago - CL2 Used in Last Decade - CL3 Used in Last Year 59 - CL4 Used in Last Month - CL5 Used in Last Week - CL6 Used in Last Day

Acknowledgements

1. Elaine Fehrman, Men's Personality Disorder and National Women's Directorate, Rampton Hospital, Retford, Nottinghamshire, DN22 0PD, UK, Elaine.Fehrman@nottshc.nhs.uk

2. Vincent Egan, Department of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK, Vincent.Egan@nottingham.ac.uk

3. Evgeny M. Mirkes Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK, em322@le.ac.uk

Inspiration

Problem which can be solved: - Seven class classifications for each drug separately. - Problem can be transformed to binary classification by union of part of classes into one new class. For example, "Never Used", "Used over a Decade Ago" form class "Non-user" and all other classes form class "User". - The best binarization of classes for each attribute. - Evaluation of risk to be drug consumer for each drug.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The impact of drugs on communities. Topics: assessment of people using or dealing drugs in the personal local area as a serious problem; problems associated with people using or dealing drugs in the personal local area: drugs being too easily available, people taking hard drugs, people smoking cannabis in public places, children and teenagers taking drugs, drug dealers or users being intimidating to local people, conflict and violence in the community related to drug use, domestic violence related to drug use, traffic accidents related to drug use, poverty and unemployment related to drug use; importance of drug use with regard to each of the following types of crime in the personal local area: youth crime, stealing / theft and burglary, violent crime and murder, corruption and lack of trust in public officials and institutions; development of the problems caused by drugs in the personal local area in the last few years; impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of illegal drugs in the personal local area and on drug problems in the personal local area; attitude towards the following statements regarding the availability and the use of drugs: make respondent feel unsafe near his / her home or school or place of work, have a negative impact on personal relationships, have a negative impact on personal health and well-being, are central to reducing the overall quality of life in the personal local area; assessment of the impact of online drug sales on the problems in the personal local area; assessment of the severeness of health problems caused by cannabis; attitude towards the allowance of cannabis for: neither medical nor recreational use, medical use only under medical prescription, medical use only without prescription, both medical and recreational use for adults; personal use of cannabis; difficulty to obtain the following substances within 24 hours: cannabis, cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), heroin, legal highs; attitude towards banning the sale of the aforementioned substances. Demography: age; sex; nationality; type of community; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; country; type of phone line; region; nation group; weighting factor. Die Auswirkungen von Drogen auf Gemeinschaften. Themen: Bewertung des Drogenkonsums oder -handels im persönlichen Umfeld als ernstes Problem; Probleme im Zusammenhang mit Menschen, die in ihrem persönlichen Umfeld Drogen konsumieren oder damit handeln: zu leichte Verfügbarkeit von Drogen, harte Drogen konsumierende Menschen, an öffentlichen Plätzen Cannabis rauchende Menschen, Drogen konsumierende Kinder oder Teenager, Drogendealer oder -konsumenten mit einschüchterndem Verhalten, Konflikte und Gewalt im Zusammenhang mit Drogenkonsum, häusliche Gewalt im Zusammenhang mit Drogenkonsum, Verkehrsunfälle im Zusammenhang mit Drogenkonsum, Armut und Arbeitslosigkeit im Zusammenhang mit Drogenkonsum; Bedeutung des Drogenkonsums in Bezug auf jede der folgenden Arten von Kriminalität in der persönlichen Umgebung: Jugendkriminalität, Stehlen und (Einbruch-)Diebstahl, Gewaltverbrechen und Mord, Korruption und mangelndes Vertrauen in öffentliche Beamte und Institutionen; Entwicklung der Drogenproblematik im persönlichen Umfeld in den letzten Jahren; Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf den Konsum illegaler Drogen im persönlichen Umfeld und auf Drogenprobleme im persönlichen Umfeld; Einstellung zu den folgenden Aussagen über die Verfügbarkeit und den Konsum von Drogen: Befragte/r fühlt sich in der Nähe von Wohnung, Schule oder Arbeitsplatz unsicher, haben negative Auswirkungen auf die persönlichen Beziehungen, haben negative Auswirkungen auf persönliche Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden, sind von zentraler Bedeutung für die Verringerung der allgemeinen Lebensqualität im persönlichen Umfeld; Bewertung der Auswirkungen des Online-Drogenverkaufs auf die Probleme im persönlichen Umfeld; Bewertung der Schwere der durch Cannabis verursachten Gesundheitsprobleme; Einstellung zur Zulassung von Zulassung von Cannabis für: weder medizinische Zwecke noch für den Freizeitgebrauch, medizinische Verwendung nur auf ärztliche Verschreibung, medizinische Verwendung ohne ärztliche Verschreibung, sowohl medizinischen als auch Freizeitgebrauch für Erwachsene; bereits getätigter Cannabiskonsum; Schwierigkeit, die folgenden Substanzen innerhalb von 24 Stunden zu beschaffen: Cannabis, Kokain, MDMA (Ecstasy), Heroin, legale Rauschmittel; Einstellung zum Verbot oder zur gesetzlichen Regulierung der vorgenannten Substanzen. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; Urbanisierungsgrad; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Haushaltszusammensetzung und Haushaltsgröße. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Land; Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Region; Nationengruppe; Gewichtungsfaktor.

Attitudes of young people between the ages of 12 to 25 years on use of drugs: motives, situative conditions, influence factors. Topics: 1. general: contentment with life; frequency of selected leisure activities; length of daily use of television, radio and newspaper or reading magazines; estimated model character of various persons, organizations and media; self-assessment of health; attitude to healthful dealing with one's own body (scale); satisfaction with personal leisure time; presence one's own person to confide in; number of good friends and close acquaintances. 2. alcohol: frequency of consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages; type and amount of consumption of alcoholic beverages on a weekday and weekend; places of use of alcohol; partner in use of alcohol; estimated social effects of alcohol; frequency of alcohol intoxication; age and type of situation at first alcohol intoxication. 3. nicotine: age at starting smoking; self-assessment as heavy smoker, occasional smoker or non-smoker; for persons who no longer smoke: time of quitting smoking; average use of cigarettes per day; assessment of the difficulty of giving up smoking; reasons for not smoking and for smoking (scales); type of products containing tobacco used; preferred brand of cigarettes; places of noticing references to jeopardy to health from smoking; personal attitude to jeopardy to health from smoking (scale); assumed attitude of friends to resuming or giving up smoking; assessment of personal future smoking habits. 4. Illegal drugs: familiarity and attitude to possibly trying selected illegal and legal drugs; assessment of number of friends and acquaintances who take legal and illegal drugs; drugs already consumed; type of drugs consumed; age at use of drugs; frequency of use of drugs from the first time until the time of interview; place of first use of drugs and persons involved; time of last use; frequency of use of drugs in the last 12 months; attitudes to use of drugs (scale); drugs currently consumed; reasons for breaking off use of drugs; conduct at first drug offer, reasons for rejection and influence of friends in rejection of drug offer; estimated extent to which informed about effects of use of drugs; interest in the topic "drugs and addiction"; assessment of the role of others of the same age in drug prevention; frequency of conversations about drugs and addiction; estimated personal persuasion ability on the topic of drugs; commitment for foregoing drugs by friends; familiarity of legal status and expected legal consequences of public use of hashish and marijuana; assessment of physical and psychological dangers of hard and soft drugs; frequency of selected health complaints and use of medication to eliminate these complaints; frequency of use of stimulants and tranquilizers. Only with persons not using any drugs: assessment of personal desire to try drugs; assumed reasons for use of drugs by others; type of drugs already offered; age at offer; place and persons involved in offer. Demography: age; sex; marital status; school education; education; occupation; income; primarily material foundation of life; number of persons in household; number of persons 12 to 25 years old in household; school degree, education and occupation of parents; housing situation; possession of a telephone; religious denomination; nationality; state; city size; possession of drivers license; vehicle. Also encoded were: communicative availability of respondent (for possible planning and structuring of prevention measures); day of interview; age and sex of interviewer; place of interview; interviewer number. Einstellungen Jugendlicher im Alter von 12 bis 25 Jahren zum Drogenkonsum: Motive, situative Bedingungen, Einflussfaktoren. Themen: 1. Allgemeines: Lebenszufriedenheit; Häufigkeit ausgewählter Freizeitaktivitäten; Dauer des täglichen Fernseh-, Radio- und Zeitungs- bzw. Zeitschriftenkonsums; eingeschätzter Vorbildcharakter verschiedener Personen, Organisationen und Medien; Selbsteinschätzung der Gesundheit; Einstellung zu einem gesunden Umgang mit dem eigenen Körper (Skala); Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen Freizeit; Vorhandensein einer persönlichen Vertrauensperson; Anzahl guter Freunde und näherer Bekannter. 2. Alkohol: Häufigkeit des Konsums alkoholischer und nichtakoholischer Getränke; Art und Menge des Konsums von alkoholischen Getränken an einem Wochentag und am Wochenende; Orte des Alkoholkonsums; Partner beim Alkoholkonsum; eingeschätzte soziale Wirkungen von Alkohol; Häufigkeit eines Alkoholrausches; Alter und Art der Situation beim ersten Alkoholrausch. 3. Nikotin: Einstiegsalter beim Rauchen; Selbsteinschätzung als ständiger Raucher, Gelegenheitsraucher oder Nichtraucher; bei Personen, die nicht mehr rauchen: Zeitpunkt der Beendigung des Rauchens; durchschnittlicher Zigarettenkonsum pro Tag; Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit, auf das Rauchen zu verzichten; Gründe für das Nichtrauchen und für das Rauchen (Skalen); Art der benutzten tabakhaltigen Genussmittel; bevorzugte Zigarettenmarke; Orte von wahrgenommenen Hinweisen auf Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Rauchen; persönliche Einstellung zur Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Rauchen (Skala); vermutete Einstellung der Freunde zu einem Wiederbeginn bzw. zum Aufhören mit dem Rauchen; Einschätzung des eigenen zukünftigen Rauchverhaltens. 4. Illegale Drogen: Bekanntheit und Einstellung zum möglichen Probieren von ausgewählten illegalen und legalen Drogen; Einschätzung der Anzahl von Freunden und Bekannten, die legale und illegale Drogen nehmen; bereits konsumierte Drogen; Art der konsumierten Drogen; Alter beim Drogenkonsum; Häufigkeit des Drogenkonsums vom ersten Mal bis zum Interviewzeitpunkt; Ort des ersten Drogenkonsums und beteiligte Personen; Zeitpunkt des letzten Konsums; Häufigkeit des Drogenkonsums in den letzten 12 Monaten; Einstellungen zum Drogenkonsum (Skala); gegenwärtig konsumierte Drogen; Gründe für den Abbruch des Drogenkonsums; Verhalten beim ersten Drogenangebot, Gründe für ein Ablehnen und Einfluss von Freunden bei der Ablehnung des Drogenangebots; eingeschätzte Informiertheit über die Auswirkungen von Drogenkonsum; Interesse am Thema "Drogen und Sucht"; Einschätzung der Rolle Gleichaltriger bei der Drogenprävention; Häufigkeit von Gesprächen über Drogen und Sucht; eingeschätzte eigene Überzeugungsfähigkeit beim Thema Drogen; Engagement für Drogenverzicht unter Freunden; Bekanntheit des gesetzlichen Status und erwartete rechtliche Folgen eines öffentlichen Konsums von Haschisch und Marihuana; Einschätzung der körperlichen und seelischen Gefahren harter und weicher Drogen; Häufigkeit ausgewählter gesundheitlicher Beschwerden und Medikamentenkonsum zur Beseitigung dieser Beschwerden; Häufigkeit der Einnahme von Aufputschmitteln und Beruhigungsmitteln. Nur bei Personen, die keine Drogen konsumieren: Einschätzung des eigenen Wunsches, Drogen auszuprobieren; vermutete Gründe für Drogenkonsum anderer; Art der schon einmal angebotenen Drogen; Alter beim Angebot; Ort und beteiligte Personen beim Angebot. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Schulbildung; Ausbildung; Beruf; Einkommen; überwiegende materielle Lebensgrundlage; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt; Anzahl der 12 bis 25-Jährigen im Haushalt; Schulabschluss, Ausbildung und Beruf der Eltern; Wohnsituation; Telefonbesitz; Konfession; Nationalität; Bundesland; Ortsgröße; Führerscheinbesitz; Fahrzeug. zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Kommunikative Erreichbarkeit des Befragten (für eine eventuelle Planung und Gestaltung von Präventionsmaßnahmen); Interviewtag; Alter und Geschlecht des Interviewers; Interviewort; Interviewernummer.

Päihdetutkimus 2014 tutkii suomalaisen aikuisväestön päihteiden käyttöä, niitä koskevia asenteita ja huumepoliittisia mielipiteitä. Aluksi tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin vastaajien tupakointia kysymällä tupakoinnin säännöllisyydestä sekä nuuskan ja sähkösavukkeiden käytöstä. Seuraavaksi kysyttiin alkoholin käytön yleisyyttä sekä mm. tavallista annosmäärää alkoholikäyttökerralta. Tutkimuksessa tiedusteltiin huumeisiin liittyviä asenteita kysymällä erilaisia väitekysymyksiä eriasteisesta päihdekäytöstä (esim. Kuinka suuri riski aiheutuu, jos ihmiset polttavat kannabista säännöllisesti?). Edelleen tiedusteltiin vastaajien asenteita tekojen rangaistavuuteen. Lisäksi selvitettiin vastaajien kiinnostusta käyttää erilaisia huumeita siinä tapauksessa, että ne olisivat laillisia. Kyselyssä selvitettiin myös ihmisten kokemuksia huumeiden näkyvyydestä Suomessa. Vastaajilta kysyttiin mm. tuntevatko he huumeidenkäyttäjiä ja onko heille tarjottu huumeita. Edelleen oltiin kiinnostuneita kuinka helposti vastaajien mielestä erilaisia huumausaineita olisi hankkia. Lisäksi tiedusteltiin mitä, minkä ikäisenä ja kuinka usein vastaajat olivat käyttäneet erilaisia huumausaineita. Tutkimuksessa oltiin kiinnostuneita myös huumeiden käytöstä aiheutuneista ongelmista. Tutkimuksessa kysyttiin myös lääkkeistä ja niiden väärinkäytöstä. Lisäksi selvitettiin mm. liuottimien käyttöä ja eri päihteiden sekakäyttöä. Dopingaineiden käytöstä oli oma osionsa. Kyselyssä tiedusteltiin yleisiä mielipiteitä huumelainsäädännöstä ja vastaajien kokemasta huumeiden uhasta yhteiskunnassa. Lopuksi tiedusteltiin vastaajien terveydentilasta, liikunnan harrastamisesta ja kokemista terveysongelmista. Taustamuuttujina oli mm. sukupuoli, ikä, paikkakuntatyyppi, perhetyyppi, koulutus ja työmarkkina-asema. The 2014 Alcohol and Drug Survey studied the substance use of Finnish adult population as well as attitudes and opinions on drugs and drug policies. The respondents were first asked about smoking and snus use. Alcohol use was charted by asking the respondents how often they drank and how much they tended to drink. The survey also carried a set of attitudinal statements about the health risks of different substances. The respondents were also asked if certain actions, such as polydrug use or growing cannabis plants, should be punishable by law. Regarding cannabis, the respondents were asked whether it should be legal to buy cannabis, and if it were legal, where it should be sold. The respondents' cannabis use was charted by asking them if they had used cannabis in the previous 12 months, and whether their cannabis use was recreational or medical. Ways of obtaining and using cannabis were investigated. The respondents were also asked if they knew people who grew cannabis or if they had grown cannabis themselves. The respondents were asked which illegal drugs they would try if using them was not illegal, and whether they personally knew people who used illegal drugs. They were also asked if someone had offered them illegal drugs, and how easily they thought they could obtain drugs within 24 hours. Concerning the respondents' own drug use, they were asked if they had ever used any of the various drugs listed, such as cocaine or LSD. The respondents recent drug use was charted by asking which illegal drugs they had used during last 12 months and the last 30 days. Furthermore, the respondents were asked if drug use had ever caused difficulties in different areas of their life. One set of questions surveyed which legal drugs, if any, the respondents had used for non-medical purposes. Reasons for non-medical use of legal drugs were investigated. The respondents were also asked where they had obtained the drugs. Use of nitrous oxide and glues was examined. Polydrug use was investigated by asking the respondents which combinations of drugs they had used and what their reasons for using them were. Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports (doping) was surveyed. Opinions on drug use were probed with several statements, such as "Use of marijuana and hashish should be legal". The respondents were also asked if they feared that other people's drug use could cause them physical harm, and whether they considered drugs or alcohol to be the bigger social problem in Finland. The respondents' health was charted by asking them if they had been prescribed different medicines, such as anti-depressants or opiates. The respondents were also asked if they attributed any health problems to their alcohol or drug use. Finally, the respondents were asked how often they engaged in physical activities. The background variables included the respondent's gender, age, type of municipality, marital status, household composition, education, and economic activity and occupational status.

The survey Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse in Germany 2018 (ESA) is a representative survey on the use and abuse of psychoactive substances among adolescents and adults aged 18 to 64 years, which has been conducted regularly nationwide since 1980. The data collection took place between March and July 2018 and was conducted by infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH on behalf of the IFT, Institute for Therapy Research in Munich. The nationwide study was conducted in a mixed-mode design as a standardised telephone survey (CATI: Computer Assisted Telephone Interview), as a written-postal survey (PAPSI: Paper and Pencil Self Interview) and as an online survey. The study is financially supported by the Federal Ministry of Health. The survey covered 30-day, 12-month and lifetime prevalence of tobacco use (tobacco products as well as shisha, heat-not-burn products and e-cigarettes), alcohol, illicit drugs and medicines. For conventional tobacco products, alcohol, selected illicit drugs (cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines) and medications (painkillers, sleeping pills and tranquillisers), additional diagnostic criteria were recorded with the written version of the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) for the period of the last twelve months. Furthermore, a series of socio-demographic data, the physical and mental state of health, nutritional behaviour, mental disorders as well as modules on the main topics of children from families with addiction problems, reasons for abstinence in the field of alcohol and the perception or knowledge of the health risk posed by alcohol were recorded. Physical and mental health status: self-assessment of health status; self-assessment of mental well-being; chronic illnesses; frequency of physical problems or pain without clear explanation, anxiety attack / panic attack, frequent worries, strong fears in social situations, strong fears of public places, means of transport or shops, strong fears of various situations, e.g. use of lifts, tunnels, aeroplanes as well as severe weather, sadness or low mood, loss of interest, tiredness or lack of energy, unusually happy, over-excited or irritable, stressful traumatic events, psychiatric, psychological or psychotherapeutic treatment in the last 12 months; physical activity and diet in the last three months: frequency of physical activity (moving from place to place, recreational sports, work-related physical activity) per week; duration of physical activity; consumption of selected foods (low-fat dairy products, raw vegetables, fresh salads, herbs, fresh fruit, cereal products, herbal tea or fruit tea); illness caused by excessive alcohol consumption. 2. Medication use: type of medication use (painkillers, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, stimulants, appetite suppressants, antidepressants, neuroleptics and anabolic steroids) in the last 12 months; frequency of use of painkillers, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, stimulants, appetite suppressants, antidepressants and neuroleptics in the last 30 days and respective prescription by a physician; use of painkillers, sleeping pills or tranquilizers in the last 12 months; tendencies towards dependence: In the last 12 months, the following were asked: significant problems related to the use of painkillers, sleeping pills and tranquillisers (neglect of household and children, poor performance, injury-prone situations while under the influence of medication, unintentional injuries such as accidents or falls, legal problems, accusations from family or friends, broken relationship, financial difficulties, physically attacking or hurting someone, use in larger quantities or for longer periods than prescribed or intended by the doctor, discomfort when stopping the medication. discomfort when stopping the medication and then continuing to take the medication to avoid discomfort, higher doses required for desired effect or weakened effect, unsuccessful attempts to reduce or stop medication use, large amount of time required to obtain medication or recover from effects, restriction of activities, taking medication despite knowledge of harmful effects, craving for medication so strong that resisting or thinking otherwise was not possible. 3. Smoking: smoking status; smoking behaviour: smoked more than 100 cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, pipes in total during lifetime; type of tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, pipe); age of initiation of tobacco use; time of last tobacco use; specific number of days in the last month on which cigarettes (or cigars, cigarillos or pipes) were smoked and average number smoked per day; average daily consumption of 20 or more cigarettes (or 10 cigarillos, 7 pipes, 5 cigars) in the last 12 months; smoking behaviour in the last 12 months (had to smoke more than before to get the same effect, effect of smoking decreased, smoked much more than intended, tried unsuccessfully to cut down or quit smoking for a few days, chain smoker, gave up important activities because of smoking, continued to smoke during serious illness, smoking interfered with work, school or housework, smoked in situations where there was a high risk of injury, continued to smoke even though it made other people angry or unhappy, unable to resist strong cravings for tobacco, unable to think of anything else because of strong cravings for tobacco); physical or mental health problems in the last 12 months due to smoking; continued to smoke in spite of physical or mental health problems; health problems due to smoking cessation in the last 12 months (low mood, insomnia, irritability/annoyance, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, slow heartbeat, weight gain); started smoking again to avoid complaints; serious attempts to stop smoking in the last 12 months; successful attempt to quit smoking; ever used shisha (hookah), a Neat-Not-Burn product or an e-cigarette, e-shisha, e-pipe, e-cigar and time of last use; age at first use of e-cigarette/e-cigar/e-shisha/e-pipe and frequency of use in the last 30 days; use of e-cigarettes/e-cigars/e-shishas/e-pipes with or without nicotine. 4. Alcohol consumption: age at first glass of alcohol; alcohol consumption at least once a month; age of onset of regular alcohol consumption; alcohol excesses (binge drinking) in the past and frequency of alcohol excesses in the last 12 months; age at first alcohol excess; time of last alcohol consumption; total number of days with alcohol consumption in the last 30 days or 12 months; concrete information on the average amount of beer, wine/sparkling wine and mixed drinks containing alcohol (alcopops, long drinks, cocktails or punch) consumed in the last 30 days or 12 months. 12 months; concrete information on the average amount of beer, wine/sparkling wine, spirits and mixed drinks containing alcohol (alcopops, long drinks, cocktails or punch) consumed in the last 30 days or in the last 12 months; number of days with consumption of at least five glasses of alcohol in the last 30 days or 12 months; problems caused by alcohol in the last 30 days or 12 months; number of days with consumption of at least five glasses of alcohol in the last 30 days or 12 months. 12 months; problems caused by alcohol in the last 12 months (significant difficulties at work, school or home, situations involving risk of injury, trouble with the police, accusations from family or friends, broken relationship, financial difficulties, physically attacking or hurting someone); alcohol consumption behaviour in the last 12 months (had to drink more than before to get the same effect, effect of alcohol consumption decreased, drank much more than intended, tried unsuccessfully to drink less alcohol or to stop drinking altogether, drank a lot of alcohol over several days, been drunk or suffered from the effects of alcohol, gave up important activities because of alcohol, could not resist strong craving for alcohol, could not think of anything else because of strong craving for alcohol); symptoms after alcohol withdrawal (trembling, insomnia, anxiety, sweating, hallucinations (seizure), nausea, vomiting, urge to move, rapid heartbeat); drank alcohol to avoid such complaints; physical illnesses or mental problems related to alcohol in the last 12 months; alcohol consumption despite physical or mental problems; increased cancer incidence in the last 12 months; alcohol consumption in spite of physical or mental problems. increased cancer risk due to alcohol consumption (stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, mouth and oesophagus cancer, brain tumour, bowel cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer); alcohol consumption in the last 30 days; personal reasons for abstaining from alcohol (alcohol causes people to lose control, condition of illness worsens due to alcohol, parents had an alcohol problem, family is against alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption is against my spiritual/religious attitude, I do not like the taste and/or smell of alcohol, own pregnancy or partner´s pregnancy). 5. Drug use: drug experience with cannabis (hashish, marijuana), stimulants, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, heroin, other opiates such as e.g. codeine, methadone, opium, morphine), cocaine, crack, sniffing substances and mushrooms as intoxicants or never tried any of these drugs before; ever used substances that imitate the effect of illegal drugs (legal highs, research chemicals, bath salts, herbal mixtures or new psychoactive substances (NPS); used such legal substances in the last 12 months; form of substances consumed (herbal mixtures for smoking, powders, crystals or tablets as well as liquids); generally tried drugs; frequency of drug use in total, in each case related to cannabis (hashish, marijuana), stimulants, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, heroin, other opiates, cocaine, crack cocaine, sniffing substances, mushrooms resp. Legal highs, research chemicals, bath salts, herbal mixtures, NPS; time of last use of any of the above drugs (in the

Attitude towards drugs. Topics: Preferred contact for information about illicit drugs and drug use in general; information sources for information about the effects and risks of drug use of illicit drugs; consumption of new psychoactive substances (‘legal highs’) that imitate the effects of illicit drugs, in the last year; purchase of new substances by a friend, from a specialised shop, from the Internet or from a drug dealer; circumstances of use (alone, with friends, during a party or an event or during normal daily activities); information sources for information about the effects and risks of the use of new substances; assessment of the risk to a person’s health using cannabis, ecstasy, alcohol, cocaine, and new substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs, once or twice and regularly; most effective ways for public authorities to reduce drugs problems (information and prevention campaigns, treatment and rehabilitation of drug users, tough measures against drug dealers and traffickers, as well as drug users, legalize drugs, reduction of poverty and unemployment, more leisure activities for young people); demand for (continued) banning or a legal regulation of the following substances (cannabis, tobacco, ecstasy, heroin, alcohol, cocaine); appropriate way to handle new psychoactive substances (introduce regulation, ban them only if they pose a risk to health, ban them under any circumstance, do nothing); possibility to obtain selected substances within 24 hours (cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, ecstasy, tobacco, heroin, new psychoactive substances); respondent has used cannabis. Demography: age; sex; highest education level; occupation and professional position of the main wage earner in the household (only full time students); occupation and professional position of the respondent; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone in the household; number of persons aged 15 years and older in the household (household size). Einstellung zu Drogen. Themen: Präferierte Ansprechpartner für Informationen über illegale Drogen und Drogenkonsum; Informationsquellen für Informationen zu Auswirkungen und Risiken des Drogenkonsums; Konsum ´neuer psychoaktiver Substanzen (NPS)´ (´Legal Highs´), die die Wirkung illegaler Drogen imitieren, in den letzten zwölf Monaten; Kauf der neuen synthetischen Drogen von einem Freund, in einem Spezialgeschäft, im Internet bzw. von einem Drogendealer; Konsumsituation (allein, mit Freunden, während einer Party oder Veranstaltung bzw. im Alltag); Informationsquellen für erhaltene Informationen zu Auswirkungen und Risiken des Konsums neuer synthetischer Drogen; Einschätzung des Gesundheitsrisikos jeweils beim ein- oder zweimaligen Konsum und beim regelmäßigen Konsum von Cannabis, Ecstasy, Alkohol, Kokain sowie von neuen synthetischen Drogen, die die Wirkung illegaler Drogen imitieren; effektivste staatliche Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Drogenproblematik (Kampagnen zur Information und Vorbeugung, Behandlung und Rehabilitation von Drogenkonsumenten, strenge Maßnahmen gegen Drogendealer und Drogenhändler bzw. gegen Drogenkonsumenten, Drogen legalisieren, Reduzierung von Armut und Arbeitslosigkeit mehr Freizeitangebote für Jugendliche); Forderung nach einem (weiteren) Verbot oder einer gesetzlichen Regelung des Konsums ausgewählter Substanzen (Cannabis, Tabak, Ecstasy, Heroin, Alkohol, Kokain); geeigneter Umgang mit legalen neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen (Regulierung einführen, Verbot nur bei Gesundheitsrisiko, generelles Verbot, nichts tun); Beschaffungsmöglichkeit ausgewählter Substanzen innerhalb von 24 Stunden (Cannabis, Alkohol, Kokain, Ecstasy, Tabak, Heroin, neue psychoaktive Substanzen); Cannabiskonsum. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Beschäftigungsstatus und berufliche Stellung des Haupteinkommensbeziehers im Haushalt (falls Befragter Schüler oder Student); Beschäftigungsstatus und berufliche Stellung des Befragten; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad des Wohnortes; Mobiltelefonbesitz; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt ab 15 Jahren (Haushaltsgröße). Probability: StratifiedProbability.Stratified

Einstellungen Jugendlicher im Alter von 12 bis 25 Jahren zumDrogenkonsum: Motive, situative Bedingungen, Einflussfaktoren. Themen: 1. Allgemeines: Lebenszufriedenheit; Häufigkeit ausgewählterFreizeitaktivitäten; Dauer des täglichen Fernseh-, Radio- und Zeitungs-bzw. Zeitschriftenkonsums; eingeschätzter Vorbildcharakter verschiedenerPersonen, Organisationen und Medien; Selbsteinschätzung der Gesundheit;Einstellung zu einem gesunden Umgang mit dem eigenen Körper (Skala);Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen Freizeit; Vorhandensein einer persönlichenVertrauensperson; Anzahl guter Freunde und näherer Bekannter. 2. Alkohol: Häufigkeit des Konsums alkoholischer und nichtakoholischerGetränke; Art und Menge des Konsums von alkoholischen Getränken an einemWochentag und am Wochenende; Orte des Alkoholkonsums; Partner beimAlkoholkonsum; eingeschätzte soziale Wirkungen von Alkohol; Häufigkeiteines Alkoholrausches; Alter und Art der Situation beim erstenAlkoholrausch. 3. Nikotin: Einstiegsalter beim Rauchen; Selbsteinschätzung alsständiger Raucher, Gelegenheitsraucher oder Nichtraucher; bei Personen,die nicht mehr rauchen: Zeitpunkt der Beendigung des Rauchens;durchschnittlicher Zigarettenkonsum pro Tag; Einschätzung derSchwierigkeit, auf das Rauchen zu verzichten; Gründe für dasNichtrauchen und für das Rauchen (Skalen); Art der benutztentabakhaltigen Genussmittel; bevorzugte Zigarettenmarke; Orte vonwahrgenommenen Hinweisen auf Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Rauchen;persönliche Einstellung zur Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Rauchen (Skala);vermutete Einstellung der Freunde zu einem Wiederbeginn bzw. zumAufhören mit dem Rauchen; Einschätzung des eigenen zukünftigenRauchverhaltens. 4. Illegale Drogen: Bekanntheit und Einstellung zum möglichen Probierenvon ausgewählten illegalen und legalen Drogen; Einschätzung der Anzahlvon Freunden und Bekannten, die legale und illegale Drogen nehmen;bereits konsumierte Drogen; Art der konsumierten Drogen; Alter beimDrogenkonsum; Häufigkeit des Drogenkonsums vom ersten Mal bis zumInterviewzeitpunkt; Ort des ersten Drogenkonsums und beteiligtePersonen; Zeitpunkt des letzten Konsums; Häufigkeit des Drogenkonsums inden letzten 12 Monaten; Einstellungen zum Drogenkonsum (Skala);gegenwärtig konsumierte Drogen; Gründe für den Abbruch desDrogenkonsums; Verhalten beim ersten Drogenangebot, Gründe für einAblehnen und Einfluss von Freunden bei der Ablehnung des Drogenangebots;eingeschätzte Informiertheit über die Auswirkungen von Drogenkonsum;Interesse am Thema "Drogen und Sucht"; Einschätzung der RolleGleichaltriger bei der Drogenprävention; Häufigkeit von Gesprächen überDrogen und Sucht; eingeschätzte eigene Überzeugungsfähigkeit beim ThemaDrogen; Engagement für Drogenverzicht unter Freunden; Bekanntheit desgesetzlichen Status und erwartete rechtliche Folgen eines öffentlichenKonsums von Haschisch und Marihuana; Einschätzung der körperlichen undseelischen Gefahren harter und weicher Drogen; Häufigkeit ausgewähltergesundheitlicher Beschwerden und Medikamentenkonsum zur Beseitigungdieser Beschwerden; Häufigkeit der Einnahme von Aufputschmitteln undBeruhigungsmitteln. Nur bei Personen, die keine Drogen konsumieren: Einschätzungdes eigenen Wunsches, Drogen auszuprobieren; vermutete Gründe fürDrogenkonsum anderer; Art der schon einmal angebotenen Drogen; Alterbeim Angebot; Ort und beteiligte Personen beim Angebot. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Schulbildung;Ausbildung; Beruf; Einkommen; überwiegende materielle Lebensgrundlage;Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt; Anzahl der 12 bis 25-Jährigen imHaushalt; Schulabschluss, Ausbildung und Beruf der Eltern;Wohnsituation; Telefonbesitz; Konfession; Nationalität; Bundesland;Ortsgröße; Führerscheinbesitz; Fahrzeug. zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Kommunikative Erreichbarkeit des Befragten(für eine eventuelle Planung und Gestaltung von Präventionsmaßnahmen);Interviewtag; Alter und Geschlecht des Interviewers; Interviewort;Interviewernummer. Attitudes of young people between the ages of 12 to 25 years on use of drugs:motives, situative conditions, influence factors.Topics:1. general:contentment with life;frequency of selected leisure activities;length of daily use of television, radio and newspaper or reading magazines;estimated model character of various persons, organizations and media;self-assessment of health;attitude to healthful dealing with one's own body (scale);satisfaction with personal leisure time;presence one's own person to confide in;number of good friends and close acquaintances.2. alcohol:frequency of consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages;type and amount of consumption of alcoholic beverages on a weekday and weekend;places of use of alcohol;partner in use of alcohol;estimated social effects of alcohol;frequency of alcohol intoxication;age and type of situation at first alcohol intoxication.3. nicotine:age at starting smoking;self-assessment as heavy smoker, occasional smoker or non-smoker;for persons who no longer smoke:time of quitting smoking;average use of cigarettes per day;assessment of the difficulty of giving up smoking;reasons for not smoking and for smoking (scales);type of products containing tobacco used;preferred brand of cigarettes;places of noticing references to jeopardy to health from smoking;personal attitude to jeopardy to health from smoking (scale);assumed attitude of friends to resuming or giving up smoking;assessment of personal future smoking habits.4. Illegal drugs:familiarity and attitude to possibly trying selected illegal and legal drugs;assessment of number of friends and acquaintanceswho take legal and illegal drugs;drugs already consumed;type of drugs consumed;age at use of drugs;frequency of use of drugs from the first time until the time of interview;place of first use of drugs and persons involved;time of last use;frequency of use of drugs in the last 12 months;attitudes to use of drugs (scale);drugs currently consumed;reasons for breaking off use of drugs;conduct at first drug offer, reasons for rejection andinfluence of friends in rejection of drug offer;estimated extent to which informed about effects of use of drugs;interest in the topic "drugs and addiction";assessment of the role of others of the same age in drug prevention;frequency of conversations about drugs and addiction;estimated personal persuasion ability on the topic of drugs;commitment for foregoing drugs by friends;familiarity of legal status and expected legal consequencesof public use of hashish and marijuana;assessment of physical and psychological dangers of hard and soft drugs;frequency of selected health complaints anduse of medication to eliminate these complaints;frequency of use of stimulants and tranquilizers.Only with persons not using any drugs:assessment of personal desire to try drugs;assumed reasons for use of drugs by others;type of drugs already offered;age at offer;place and persons involved in offer.Demography:age;sex;marital status;school education;education;occupation;income;primarily material foundation of life;number of persons in household;number of persons 12 to 25 years old in household;school degree, education and occupation of parents;housing situation;possession of a telephone;religious denomination;nationality;state;city size;possession of drivers license;vehicle.Also encoded were:communicative availability of respondent(for possible planning and structuring of prevention measures);day of interview;age and sex of interviewer;place of interview;interviewer number.