Das Fachportal "Hexenforschung" erschien zwischen 1996 und 2015 als Angebot des Servers für die Frühe Neuzeit bzw. Historicum.net, das von der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek betrieben wird. Ein wichtiges Kernangebot dieses von Redakteuren inhaltlich verantworteten Portals war das "Lexikon zur Geschichte der Hexenverfolgung". Die knapp 350 Artikel der Fachwissenschaftler und Fachwissenschaftlerinnen werden hier zum Zweck der Langzeitarchivierung für die Wissenschafts-Community in den damaligen Textfassungen angeboten. Sie versammeln neben Sachartikeln vor allem Ortsartikel zu einzelnen Hexenverfolgungen sowie Personenartikel zu Opfern oder Akteuren der Hexenverfolgung. The specialist portal ‘Witch Research’ was published between 1996 and 2015 as part of the Server for the Early Modern Period and Historicum.net, which is operated by the Bavarian State Library. An important core offering of this portal, for which editors were responsible for the content, was the ‘Lexikon zur Geschichte der Hexenverfolgung’ (Lexicon on the History of the Persecution of Witches). The nearly 350 articles by specialist academics are offered here in their original versions for the purpose of long-term archiving for the scientific community. In addition to articles on topics, they mainly include articles on places related to individual witch hunts, as well as articles on people who were victims or involved in witch hunts.

Drought-induced tree death has become a serious problem in global forest ecosystems. Two nonexclusive hypotheses, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, have been proposed to explain tree die-offs. To clarify the mechanisms, we investigated the physiological processes of drought-induced tree death in saplings with contrasting Huber values (sapwood area/total leaf area). First, hydraulic failure and reduced respiration were found in the initial process of tree decline, and in the last stage carbon starvation leaded to tree death. The carbohydrate reserves at the stem bases, low in healthy trees, were accumulated at the beginning of the declining process because of phloem transport failure, and then decreased just before dying. The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates at the stem bases are a good indicator of tree damage. The physiological processes and carbon sink-source dynamics that occur during lethal drought provide important insight into the adaptive measures underlying forest die-offs under global warming conditions.

Year: year Time2: julian date nestling predation assessed Time1: Last Julian date nestling was confirmed to be alive Age: age of nestling in days. Age on hatch day=0 PreStatus: 1 if alive, 0 if predated Status: TRUE if predated, FALSE if alive. MaxTemp: maximum temperature the day before (C) MeanTemp: mean temperature the day before (C) MinTemp: minimum temperature the day before (C) TotRain: rainfall the day before (mm) Year2: decades since 1975 Age2: thermoregulatory strategy based on age (poikilothermic, intermediate, endothermic) PC1: weather PC1 PC2: weather PC2 TimePeriod: population trajectory at the time (growing, declining, post-decline) *note, nestlings that died in the nest have been excluded from this data set.

The region of present-day China has historically been the most populous region in the world; however, its population development has fluctuated throughout history. In 2022, China was overtaken as the most populous country in the world, and current projections suggest its population is heading for a rapid decline in the coming decades. Transitions of power lead to mortality The source suggests that conflict, and the diseases brought with it, were the major obstacles to population growth throughout most of the Common Era, particularly during transitions of power between various dynasties and rulers. It estimates that the total population fell by approximately 30 million people during the 14th century due to the impact of Mongol invasions, which inflicted heavy losses on the northern population through conflict, enslavement, food instability, and the introduction of bubonic plague. Between 1850 and 1870, the total population fell once more, by more than 50 million people, through further conflict, famine and disease; the most notable of these was the Taiping Rebellion, although the Miao an Panthay Rebellions, and the Dungan Revolt, also had large death tolls. The third plague pandemic also originated in Yunnan in 1855, which killed approximately two million people in China. 20th and 21st centuries There were additional conflicts at the turn of the 20th century, which had significant geopolitical consequences for China, but did not result in the same high levels of mortality seen previously. It was not until the overlapping Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and Second World War (1937-1945) where the death tolls reached approximately 10 and 20 million respectively. Additionally, as China attempted to industrialize during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962), economic and agricultural mismanagement resulted in the deaths of tens of millions (possibly as many as 55 million) in less than four years, during the Great Chinese Famine. This mortality is not observable on the given dataset, due to the rapidity of China's demographic transition over the entire period; this saw improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and infrastructure result in sweeping changes across the population. The early 2020s marked some significant milestones in China's demographics, where it was overtaken by India as the world's most populous country, and its population also went into decline. Current projections suggest that China is heading for a "demographic disaster", as its rapidly aging population is placing significant burdens on China's economy, government, and society. In stark contrast to the restrictive "one-child policy" of the past, the government has introduced a series of pro-fertility incentives for couples to have larger families, although the impact of these policies are yet to materialize. If these current projections come true, then China's population may be around half its current size by the end of the century.