GH Pro conducted an endline evaluation of USAID’s Maternal Child Survival Program (MCSP-MNCH)1 to assess if it had achieved its objectives and planned outputs, as stated in its program description, in Nigeria’s Ebonyi and Kogi states. Five questions evaluated increases in access and utilization of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions; gender-transformative strategies; sustainability; the program’s learning agenda vis-à-vis the Nigerian government’s learning needs; and use of program data. The evaluation team used a retrospective analytic and a cross-sectional design to address the five questions, and mixed methods were used for data collection, including reviews of the national District Health Information System (DHIS) 2, MCSP-MNCH datasets, and 51 program documents. Apparent improvements were noted in the utilization of six interventions: oxytocin, partograph, Chlorhexidine 4% gel, newborn resuscitation, essential newborn care, and integrated Community Case Management, particularly with referral of danger signs. MCSP-MNCH baseline data was not available nor calculable for magnesium sulphate or Kangaroo Mother Care. Data was also not available for postpartum family planning for first-time parents and Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for newborn resuscitation, as a study was undergoing analysis and data was not ready. Furthermore, the dataset MCSP-MNCH provided to the evaluation team was incomplete, imprecise, and contained errors, raising concerns about noted improvements. The program’s work in male engagement and Mothers Savings and Loans Clubs hold promise for transforming gender norms but reached too few people. Most of the program’s reproductive health and MNCH interventions are likely to be included in budgets in Ebonyi and Kogi through the World Bank’s Saving One Million Lives project, but without specific commitment from the states’ governors, funding release may be jeopardized. The learning agenda helped inform implementation, but the government did not help shape the research. Last, MCSP-MNCH project created a new DHIS database instance for its project data only, including new indicators that it introduced (like application of Chlorhexidine 4% gel for newborn cord care), as well as indicators that were already available in the national DHIS 2 database; it is housed within the same server as the national DHIS 2.

Nigeria NG: Physicians: per 1000 People data was reported at 0.395 Ratio in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.376 Ratio for 2009. Nigeria NG: Physicians: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 0.192 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2010, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.395 Ratio in 2010 and a record low of 0.017 Ratio in 1960. Nigeria NG: Physicians: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Health Statistics. Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.; ; World Health Organization's Global Health Workforce Statistics, OECD, supplemented by country data.; Weighted average;

BackgroundElectronic health (eHealth) literacy may play an important role in individuals’ engagement with online mental health-related information.AimTo examine associations between eHealth literacy and psychological outcomes among Nigerians during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among Nigerians conducted using the ‘COVID-19’s impAct on feaR and hEalth (CARE) questionnaire. The exposure: eHealth literacy, was assessed using the eHealth literacy scale, and psychological outcomes were assessed using the PHQ-4 scale, which measured anxiety and depression; and the fear scale to measure fear of COVID-19. We fitted logistic regression models to assess the association of eHealth literacy with anxiety, depression, and fear, adjusting for covariates. We included interaction terms to assess for age, gender, and regional differences. We also assessed participants’ endorsement of strategies for future pandemic preparedness.ResultsThis study involved 590 participants, of which 56% were female, and 38% were 30 years or older. About 83% reported high eHealth literacy, and 55% reported anxiety or depression. High eHealth literacy was associated with a 66% lower likelihood of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 0·34; 95% confidence interval, 0·20–0·54) and depression (aOR: 0·34; 95% CI, 0·21–0·56). There were age, gender, and regional differences in the associations between eHealth literacy and psychological outcomes. eHealth-related strategies such as medicine delivery, receiving health information through text messaging, and online courses were highlighted as important for future pandemic preparedness.ConclusionConsidering that mental health and psychological care services are severely lacking in Nigeria, digital health information sources present an opportunity to improve access and delivery of mental health services. The different associations of e-health literacy with psychological well-being between age, gender, and geographic region highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions for vulnerable populations. Policymakers must prioritize digitally backed interventions, such as medicine delivery and health information dissemination through text messaging, to address these disparities and promote equitable mental well-being.

The study of gender and gender related issues in development studies have emerged as contemporary issues and important trends in virtually all disciplines ranging from arts, humanities to sciences and technology. The attention shown in these areas by the proponents have profoundly affected gender roles in various aspects of human endeavors ranging from governance and politics, commerce and industry, education, law, science and technology etc. It is important to note that these concepts are becoming a central feature of all the disciplines thereby making them multidisciplinary in scope as they help in shaping our lives, our attitudes, and our behavior in the larger societies for our day to day survival and livelihoods. In Nigeria, efforts of several governmental and non-governmental agencies towards ensuring gender equity in the society through various programmes, initiatives and engagements with the wider public are very significant in the last few years. These are done in line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which set out in summary to eradicate hunger, poverty and provide access to good health care. This paper takes a cursory look at the concepts of gender, gender equity/equality, concepts and model of sustainable livelihoods and the MDG's, initiatives and engagement programmes of governments on gender equity and development issues in Nigeria; and the complementary roles of information and grassroots mobilisation towards overall national development. Recommendations and suggestions are made to ensure that the concept of a "weaker sex" and undue disparities in status and role expectations are eliminated from our psyche in all that we do. Appropriate strategies to improve information network and grassroots mobilization among the people irrespective of status and age in our various communities are also included. It is through these and many others that the true meaning of sustainable livelihoods can be achieved for both sexes.

The first three columns present unadjusted proportions overall and by time period, and the two right-most columns display Mantel-Haenzel odds ratios (OR) for each burden adjusted for participant age and education at baseline, with corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals for the OR. Due to an interaction detected with education, the ORs for COVID-19 pandemic and having to travel more than 30 minutes are presented stratified by educational level.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease deaths worldwide and is the leading cause of death among people with HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for collaboration between public and private healthcare providers to maximize integration of TB/HIV services and minimize costs. We systematically reviewed published models of public-private sector diagnostic and referral services for TB/HIV co-infected patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CINAHL and Web of Science. We included studies that discussed programs that linked private and public providers for TB/HIV concurrent diagnostic and referral services and used Review Manager (Version 5.3, 2015) for meta-analysis.ResultsWe found 1,218 unduplicated potentially relevant articles and abstracts; three met our eligibility criteria. All three described public-private TB/HIV diagnostic/referral services with varying degrees of integration. In Kenya private practitioners were able to test for both TB and HIV and offer state-subsidized TB medication, but they could not provide state-subsidized antiretroviral therapy (ART) to co-infected patients. In India private practitioners not contractually engaged with the public sector offered TB/HIV services inconsistently and on a subjective basis. Those partnered with the state, however, could test for both TB and HIV and offer state-subsidized medications. In Nigeria some private providers had access to both state-subsidized medications and diagnostic tests; others required patients to pay out-of-pocket for testing and/or treatment. In a meta-analysis of the two quantitative reports, TB patients who sought care in the public sector were almost twice as likely to have been tested for HIV than TB patients who sought care in the private sector (risk ratio [RR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88–2.08). However, HIV-infected TB patients who sought care in the public sector were marginally less likely to initiate ART than TB patients who sought care from private providers (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78–1.03).ConclusionThese three studies are examples of public-private TB/HIV service delivery and can potentially serve as models for integrated TB/HIV care systems. Successful public-private diagnostic and treatment services can both improve outcomes and decrease costs for patients co-infected with HIV and TB.

The current healthcare spending per capita in Ghana was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 20.5 U.S. dollars (+22.15 percent). After the fourth consecutive increasing year, the spending is estimated to reach 113.05 U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. Depicted here is the average per capita spending, in a given country or region, with regards to healthcare. The spending refers to the average current spending of both governments and consumers per inhabitant.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the current healthcare spending per capita in countries like Ivory Coast and Nigeria.

The current health expenditure as a share of the GDP in Ghana was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 0.1 percentage points. The share is estimated to amount to 4.29 percent in 2029. According to Worldbank health spending includes expenditures with regards to healthcare services and goods. It is depicted here in relation to the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the country or region at hand.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the current health expenditure as a share of the GDP in countries like Senegal and Nigeria.

The number of hospital beds in Ghana was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total three thousand beds (+9.58 percent). After the fifteenth consecutive increasing year, the number of hospital beds is estimated to reach 34.29 thousand beds and therefore a new peak in 2029. Notably, the number of hospital beds of was continuously increasing over the past years.Depicted is the estimated total number of hospital beds in the country or region at hand.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of hospital beds in countries like Nigeria and Ivory Coast.

The number of physicians in Ghana was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 2.1 thousand physicians (+26.92 percent). After the tenth consecutive increasing year, the number of physicians is estimated to reach 9.94 thousand physicians and therefore a new peak in 2029. Depicted here is the estimated number of physicians in the geographical unit at hand. Thereby physicians include medical specialists as well as general practitioners.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of physicians in countries like Ivory Coast and Nigeria.

The number of hospitals in Ghana was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total one hopsital (+0.27 percent). The number of hospitals is estimated to amount to 371 hospitals in 2029. Depicted is the number of hospitals in the country or region at hand. As the OECD states, the rules according to which an institution can be registered as a hospital vary across countries.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of hospitals in countries like Nigeria and Ivory Coast.