Disclaimer

All information presented here is for display purpose only, and may not be complete nor accurate. This information does not constitute a financial advice, and should not be used to make any investment decisions or financial transactions. This author rejects any claims for liabilities resulting from the use, misuse, or abuse of this information. Use at your own risk.

Context

This small dataset has been created in order to prove my mom it's important for the world to get as much people as we can vaccinated

Content

You will find a dataset made of 2 taken from the french website https://www.data.gouv.fr gathering a lot of datasets

Features

This document gathers both the vaccine data day by day and cumulated, and the COVID-19 best indicators to follow the evolution of the sanitary crisis.

Here are the features :

• extract_date : row date formatted dd/mm/yyyy

• tx_incid : The incidence rate corresponds to the number of people who tested positive (RT-PCR and antigen test) for the first time in more than 60 days compared to the size of the population. It is expressed per 100,000 inhabitants and makes it possible to compare geographic areas with one another.

• R : The virus reproduction number: this is the average number of people an infected person can infect. If the effective R is greater than 1, the epidemic develops; if it is less than 1, the epidemic recedes. This indicator, stopped on Tuesday and updated on Thursday, is an indicator of the epidemiological situation approximately 7 days previously and must be interpreted in the light of screening and data reporting activities. The indicator is updated once a week.

• taux occupation sae (%) : This indicator reflects the level of demand for resuscitation but also the level of stress on hospital resuscitation capacities. This is the proportion of patients with COVID-19 currently in intensive care, intensive care, or in a continuous monitoring unit compared to the total beds in initial capacity, that is to say before increasing the capacity. resuscitation beds in a hospital.

• tx_pos : The positivity rate corresponds to the number of people tested positive (RT-PCR and antigen test) for the first time in more than 60 days compared to the total number of people tested positive or negative over a given period; and who have never tested positive in the previous 60 days.

• n_dose1 : Number of 1rst dose of vaccine administered this day

• n_complet : Number of complete coverage granted this day (1 dose for J&J - 2 doses for Pfitzer/AstraZenecca/Moderna - 1 dose if you ever had COVID-19 before)

• n cum dose1 : Cumulated number of 1rst doses administered

• n cum complet : Cumulated number of complete coverages

The number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered in France rose to 154451978 as of Oct 27 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for France Coronavirus Vaccination Total.

An evaluation was conducted to predict the economic and clinical burden of vaccinating all immunocompromised (IC) individuals aged ≥30 years with mRNA-1273 variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines versus BNT162b2 variant-adapted vaccines in Fall 2023 and Spring 2024 in France. The number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations or deaths due to COVID-19, and long COVID cases, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated using a static decision-analytic model. Predicted vaccine effectiveness (VE) were based on real-world data from the original and BA.4/5 variant-adapted vaccines, suggesting higher protection against infection and hospitalization with mRNA-1273 vaccines. VE estimates were combined with COVID-19 incidence and probability of COVID-19 severe outcomes. Uncertainty surrounding VE, vaccine coverage, infection incidence, hospitalization and mortality rates, costs and QALYs were evaluated in sensitivity analyses. In an ideal situation where 100% coverage is achieved, the mRNA-1273 variant-adapted vaccine is predicted to prevent an additional 3,882 infections, 357 hospitalizations, 81 deaths, and 326 long COVID cases when compared to BNT162b2 variant-adapted vaccines in 230,000 IC individuals. This translates to €10.1 million cost-savings from a societal perspective and 645 QALYs gained. Results were consistent across all analyses and most sensitive to variations surrounding VE and coverage. These findings highlight the importance of increasing vaccine coverage, and ability to induce higher levels of protection with mRNA-1273 formulations in this vulnerable population.

Context

"Experts have warned that the race to produce a Covid-19 vaccine could make the pandemic worse in the long run. A weak or partially effective candidate could potentially result in people believing they are immune to the virus, resulting in higher rates of infection. That warning was recently voiced by Professor Richard Peto of Oxford University and an adviser to the World Health Organization, who said that the first vaccine would be distributed all over the world, even if it had low efficacy."

" Around the world, some publics are extremely cautious about a vaccine and remain reluctant to take one, with the vast majority of respondents citing potential side effects as a reason to avoid getting one."

"So where are people least concerned about taking a Covid-19 vaccine if it was available? Ipsos MORI found that 97 percent of people in China would take one, along with 88 percent in Brazil, 87 percent in India and 85 percent in the UK. Russia recently announcing that it was aiming to bring its Sputnik V vaccine to the market at some stage this month, despite the fact that it did not undergo large scale testing. Only 54 percent of Russians say they would take a vaccine if it was available, with the share of people in France also low at 59 percent. In both Germany and the United States, 67 percent of respondents say they would agree to take a vaccine, according to the research." https://www.statista.com/chart/22768/share-who-agree-they-would-take-a-covid-19-vaccine/

Content

This chart shows the share who agree/disagree they would take a Covid-19 vaccine if it was available. Source: Ipsos MORI

Acknowledgements

Source: Ipsos MORI Niall McCarthy, Data Journalist. https://www.statista.com/chart/22768/share-who-agree-they-would-take-a-covid-19-vaccine/

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

Inspiration

Covid-19.

IA2030 Action Plans and Impact Acceleration Reports: Survey responses from 931 national and sub-national staff (Immunization Agenda 2030 Full Learning Cycle 2022)

Note: This document includes markdown syntax to facilitate machine reading.

Table of Contents

• Abstract
• Research Audience
• Credits
• Recommended Citation
• File List
• Related Data Sets
• Background
• Data Set Structure and Contents
• Data Cleaning, Data Privacy, and Anonymization
• Ethical Considerations
• Survey Implementation
• Survey Questionnaire Items
• Data Availability and Accessibility
• Copyright and License
• References

Abstract

The Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) has been endorsed at the World Health Assembly as the world’s strategy for immunization.

The Movement for IA2030 is a voluntary collective of immunization practitioners, principally from low- and middle-income countries, who have pledged to support each other to accelerate local action in support of this global immunization strategy.

This data set offers insights into how to understand national and sub-national challenges facing immunization programmes and what strategies show promise for addressing these challenges over time. It contains: - raw, anonymized data in Excel CSV format. Copies of the three survey questionnaires are available for download in the Files section (below). - responses to one, two, or three surveys from 931 national and subnational immunization practitioners participating in the Movement for Immunization Agenda (IA) 2030:

Survey 1: IA2030 Action Plan Survey: a 77-item questionnaire, fielded in May 2022, which asked respondents to identify a key challenge relevant to their immunization programme, root cause of the challenge, three corrective actions, and what they knew about vaccination coverage in their zone of intervention.

Survey 2: IA2030 Impact Acceleration Report Survey (2022): a 27-item questionnaire, fielded in June 2022, which asked respondents to report progress on implementation of their IA2030 Action Plan, including progress on vaccination coverage indicators.

Survey 3: IA2030 Impact Acceleration Report Survey (2023): a 60-item questionnaire, fielded in June 2023, which asked respondents to report progress on implementation of their IA2030 Action Plan, including progress on vaccination coverage indicators.

Research Audience

Education and global health researchers with interest in human resources for health (HRH) and the characteristics, priority challenges, and experiences of national and sub-national immunization staff participating in the Movement for Immunization Agenda (IA) 2030.

Credits

Author

The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) 18 Avenue Louis Casaï CH1209 Geneva, Switzerland research@learning.foundation

Principal Investigator and Corresponding Author Reda Sadki, TGLF reda@learning.foundation

Project Partners - Biostat Global Consulting (BGC) - Bridges to Development - Centre for Change & Complexity in Learning (C3L)

Partner Roles and Responsibilities - Design: TGLF - Implementation (sample collection): TGLF - Processing: TGLF, C3L - Anonymization: BGC - Submission: TGLF - Maintenance of learning analytics database where data are stored: C3L

Funding Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)

Recommended Citation

Action Plans and Impact Acceleration Reports: Responses from 931 national and sub-national staff (Immunization Agenda 2030 Full Learning Cycle). The Geneva Learning Foundation, 2023. (Version 1.0) [Data Set]. The Geneval Learning Foundation. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8298773

File List

2023-09.IA2030_Action_Plans_and_Impact_Acceleration_Reports.README.md (this document)

2022-05.IA2030_Action_Plan_Survey.docx: List of items included in the Action Plan Survey

2022-06.IA2030_Impact_Acceleration_Report_Survey.docx: List of items included in the Impact Acceleration Report Survey questionnaire administered in June 2022.

2023-06.IA2030_Impact_Acceleration_Report_Survey.docx: List of additional items included in the Impact Acceleration Survey administered in June 2023 (the complete survey questionnaire also included all items included in the June 2022 Impact Acceleration Report Survey questionnaire).

2023-09.IA2030_Action_Plans_and_Impact_Acceleration_Reports_Survey_Dataset.csv: Anonymized Action Plans and Acceleration Reports Survey Dataset. Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation (937 observations, 173 variables).

Related Data Sets

The 2023-09.IA2030_Action_Plans_and_Impact Acceleration_Reports_Survey_Dataset.csv is a subset of data collected by The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) during the first IA2030 Full Learning Cycle (FLC) during May 2022, June 2022, and June 2023. The complete IA 2030 Action Plans and Impact Acceleration Reports Survey data set is more comprehensive and includes information about respondent and programme characteristics as well as responses to open-text questions.

Researchers who would like to analyze the full set of unredacted responses are invited to contact the Geneva Learning Foundation to inquire about a data sharing agreement that would stipulate conditions of access (insights@learning.foundation).

The Geneva Learning Foundation, 2023. Value Creation Stories (VCS) weekly feedback survey, 2022 Full Learning Cycle (FLC) of the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) (Version 1.0). [Data Set]. The Geneva Learning Foundation. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763922

The Geneva Learning Foundation, 2023. Full Learning Cycle (2022) Application for national and sub-national immunization staff to identify challenges and join the Movement for Immunization Agenda (IA 2030) (Version 1.0) [Data Set]. The Geneval Learning Foundation. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8199552

Additional data sets for the first Full Learning Cycle (FLC) of the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) are available from TGLF’s Insights Unit (insights@learning.foundation).

Background

The Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030), the global immunization strategy for 2021-2030, set ambitious targets for global immunization coverage and other key indicators (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020).

In response to the WHO Director-General’s call for a social movement to ensure immunization remains a priority for global and regional health agendas and promote broad societal support for immunization (WHO, 2020), TGLF, working with its global community of over 35,000 alumni, developed a learning programme intended to contribute to a “Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030.” As part of their participation in the programme, IA2030 participants developed a locally tailored action plan designed to address a key challenge relevant to their immunization programme. A project kick-off phase, the “Impact Accelerator Launch Pad”, supported participants during their initial implementation stages, to create momentum for sustained action. One month after initiation of their Action Plan(s), participants were invited to complete an Impact Acceleration survey questionnaire to assess progress towards their goals. One year later, programme participants were invited to complete a second Impact Acceleration questionnaire to assess continued progress towards their goal.

This data set includes participants’ responses to one or more questionnaires documenting their IA2030 experience: - Survey 1: IA2030 Action Plan Survey: a 77-item questionnaire, fielded in May 2022, which asked respondents to identify a key challenge relevant to their immunization programme, root cause of the challenge, three corrective actions, and what they knew about vaccination coverage in their zone of intervention. - Survey 2: IA2030 Impact Acceleration Report Survey (2022): a 27-item questionnaire, fielded in June 2022, which asked respondents to report progress on implementation of their IA2030 Action Plan, including progress on vaccination coverage indicators. - Survey 3: IA2030 Impact Acceleration Report Survey (2023): a 60-item questionnaire, fielded in June 2023, which asked respondents to report progress on implementation of their IA2030 Action Plan, including progress on vaccination coverage indicators.

Data Set Structure and Contents

The data set has 937 observations and 173 variables. Contents include the following: - 937 responses (532 English; 405 French) to the Action Plan Survey. Six individuals submitted two distinct Action Plans. - 538 responses (278 English; 260 French) to the 2022 Impact Acceleration Report Survey - 236 responses (126 English; 110 French) to the 2023 Impact Acceleration Report Survey - Column A describes the type of data included in each row of the data file - The first two rows of the data set hold the question text in English and in French - Column B contains a unique identifier for each respondent. The ID is a simple string starting with a number to indicate a unique person and then a dash, and then a 1 or a 2 to indicate whether it is their first or second entry for the 2022 Impact Acceleration Report Survey. - Columns D-F indicate the language each respondent used for each of the three questionnaires (EN = English; FR = French) - The columns whose names start with I1 were collected as part of the Action Plan Survey, I2 as part of the 2022 Impact Acceleration Report Survey, and I3 as part of the 2023 Impact Acceleration Report Survey. The columns appear in left-to-right order in which the original surveys were administered.

Data Cleaning, Data Privacy, and Anonymization

Duplicate surveys submitted by the same individual were removed from the data set. When a respondent submitted multiple versions of the Action Plan or 2023 Impact Acceleration Report Survey, the submission with the most complete responses was retained. Six persons submitted two distinct records for the 2022 Impact Acceleration Report Survey. In those cases, both responses appear in the dataset, paired with that person’s single

BackgroundOur study analyses the main determinants of refusal or acceptance of the 2009 A/H1N1 vaccine in patients with cystic fibrosis, a high-risk population for severe flu infection, usually very compliant for seasonal flu vaccine. Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews in 3 cystic fibrosis referral centres in Paris, France. The study included 42 patients with cystic fibrosis: 24 who refused the vaccine and 18 who were vaccinated. The two groups differed quite substantially in their perceptions of vaccine- and disease-related risks. Those who refused the vaccine were motivated mainly by the fears it aroused and did not explicitly consider the 2009 A/H1N1 flu a potentially severe disease. People who were vaccinated explained their choice, first and foremost, as intended to prevent the flu's potential consequences on respiratory cystic fibrosis disease. Moreover, they considered vaccination to be an indirect collective prevention tool. Patients who refused the vaccine mentioned multiple, contradictory information sources and did not appear to consider the recommendation of their local health care provider as predominant. On the contrary, those who were vaccinated stated that they had based their decision solely on the clear and unequivocal advice of their health care provider. Conclusions/SignificanceThese results of our survey led us to formulate three main recommendations for improving adhesion to new pandemic vaccines. (1) it appears necessary to reinforce patient education about the disease and its specific risks, but also general population information about community immunity. (2) it is essential to disseminate a clear and effective message about the safety of novel vaccines. (3) this message should be conveyed by local health care providers, who should be involved in implementing immunization.

Title

Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) 1st Movement Full Learning Cycle (FLC 2022) – “How are you doing?” Value Creation Stories Survey (Version 1.0)

Research audience

Education researchers interested in the application of the “value creation stories” (VCS) conceptual framework elaborated by Etienne Wenger et al. in the study of communities of practice and other types of digital communities.

Credits

Author

The Geneva Learning Foundation 18 avenue Louis Casaï CH-1209 Geneva, Switzerland research@learning.foundation

Principal Investigator and corresponding author

Reda Sadki, The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) reda@learning.foundation

Project partners

Bridges to Development University of South Australia Centre for Change and Complexity in Learning (C3L)

Roles and responsibilities

• Design: The Geneva Learning Foundation
• Implementation (sample collection): The Geneva Learning Foundation
• Processing: The Geneva Learning Foundation, Bridges for Development, Centre for Complexity and Change in Learning (C3L)
• Anonymization: The Geneva Learning Foundation and Bridges for Development
• Data cleaning: Bridges to Development
• Submission: The Geneva Learning Foundation

Funding sources or sponsorship that supported the data collection

Wellcome, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)

Recommended citation

The Geneva Learning Foundation, 2023. Value Creation Stories (VCS) weekly feedback survey, 2022 Full Learning Cycle (FLC) of the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) (Version 1.0). [Data Set]. The Geneva Learning Foundation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7763922

Description of the sample

File list:

This file is IA2030_FLC_2022_Value_Creation_Stories.README.md

IA2030-EN_FLC_2022_Value_Creation_Stories-questions_mapping.csv : List of the survey’s questions and their code in English as well as their unit. (21 questions) - Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation, 31 March 2023.

IA2030-EN_FLC_2022_Value_Creation_Stories.csv : Dataset Response of participants that replied in English. (n: 2101, obs:5601) - Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation, 31 March 2023.

IA2030-FR_FLC_2022_Value_Creation_Stories-questions_mapping.csv: List of the survey’s questions and their code in English as well as their unit. (21 questions) - Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation, 31 March 2023.

IA2030-FR_FLC_2022_Value_Creation_Stories-Google_translation.csv: Dataset Response of participants that replied in French translated to English using “Google Translate” (n: 1585, obs:4493) - Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation, 31 March 2023.

IA2030-FR_FLC_2022_Value_Creation_Stories.csv: Dataset Response of participants that replied in French (n: 1585, obs:4493) - Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation, 31 March 2023. Relationship between files: The questions codes data set are the same code as the column variables and can be connected.

Relationship between files

The questions codes data set are the same code as the column variables and can be connected.

Related data sets

This is a subset of data collected by The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) during the 1st IA2030 Full Learning Cycle (FLC). The complete data set is more comprehensive, and includes: demographic information (gender, country), health system information (respondent’s health system level), respondents’ analyses of challenges and priorities.

Additional data sets for the first Full Learning Cycle (FLC) of the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) are available from The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) Insights Unit insights@learning.foundation

Other publicly accessible locations of the data

The Geneva Learning Foundation publishes data sets in relation to its Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) Movement learning programme in the Zenodo open repository community: https://zenodo.org/communities/ia2030/

1. Purpose and Objectives

Primary goal of the survey:

This survey had two goals in the context of TGLF’s IA2030 Movement Full Learning Cycle programme (2022): 1. Provide an asynchronous mechanism for support between peers (participants) and from the TGLF team; and 2. collect and measure programme participants’ value creation stories (VCS) during the programme.

Martin de Laat’s “value creation stories” (VCS) has been used primarily in small-scale, qualitative studies of communities of practice, online forums, and education activities.

This data set includes both quantitative (Likert) and qualitative (open text) responses to the VCS questions, collected over a period of four months (7 March – 20 June 2022) from a cohort that began with 6,185 participants on the start date.

2. Population and Sample

The target population were participants of the Geneva Learning Foundation’s Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) learning programme. The initial cohort admitted to the programme was 6,185 individuals from 99 countries. Only participants who were formally admitted to the programme received the invitation to complete the survey.

Programme participants were free to choose if and when to report (self-selection), and their responses were not checked against any other measures (self-reporting).

Languages: French and English

3. Survey Design and Methods

Data collection period: 7 March 2022 – 20 June 2022

Between 7 March and 20 June 2023, participants in the Geneva Learning Foundation’s “Immunization Agenda 2030” (IA2030) Movement Full Learning Cycle (FLC) were asked to respond to a questionnaire titled “How are you doing?”.

Participants received a personalized email with the request to share feedback about their experience during the week. The link to share feedback was also included in other reminder and information emails sent in response to participant needs.

The first survey was launched on the 11 of March 2022 and the last at 17 of March 2022, totalizing 15 requests. Participants could answer the survey at any time and as many times that they wished.

The group of 6,185 participants grew over the course of the Cycle, as additional participants were able to join the initiative throughout the four-month period.

Software- or Instrument-specific information needed to interpret the data

• Automated translation of French data was performed using Google Translate
• Methods used for removing or anonymizing personal identifiers or sensitive information:
• Unique identifier: Unique identifiers were anonymized using MD5 Hashing via the web site Miracle Salad.Unique identifiers can be used to identify respondents who may have answered the survey more than once, at different points in time. This approach provides a method to anonymize sensitive data using MD5 hashing.*Limitation: MD5 hashing is a one-way function; it is not possible to dehash the data and recover the original information.**
• Macros developed in Excel to replace Country names in qualitative responses. (No country information were collected in this survey, but some respondents referred to their specific contexts in their responses.) The macro did not account for typos, in case any country information is found please contact: research@learning.foundation

Data collection start and end dates:

7 March 2023 until 20 June 2023

Events or circumstances during data collection that may have influenced results:

No requests for responses were sent during TGLF’s “Term break” between 16-30 April 2022.

4. Data Processing and Cleaning

• Incomplete or inconsistent responses: Not cleaned, as respondents were able to opt out of specific sections of survey or skip questions.
• Data transformations or imputations: None
• Treatment of outliers or extreme values: None

5. Variables and Measures

The survey included Likert scale questions and qualitative open texts based the conceptual framework for Value Creation Stories (VCS) developed by Wenger et. al. (2011). There are no derived or calculated variables. Items are Likert scale, multiple choice, and open text.

6. Data Quality and Reliability

All the responses done before or after the FLC period (7 March – 20 June 2022) were excluded of the sample.

7. Data Privacy and Anonymization

Methods used for removing or anonymizing personal identifiers or sensitive information:

• Unique identifier: Unique identifiers were anonymized using MD5 Hashing via the web site https://www.miraclesalad.com/webtools/md5.php. Unique identifiers can be used to identify respondents who may have answered the survey more than once, at different points in time. This approach provides a method to anonymize sensitive data using MD5 hashing.
• Limitation: MD5 hashing is a one-way function; it is not possible to dehash the data and recover the original information.
• Macros developed in Excel to replace Country names in qualitative responses. (No country information were collected in this survey, but some respondents referred to their specific contexts in their responses.)

8. Data Availability and Accessibility

This data set is made available on Zenodo.org in the Zenodo community “Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030)” https://zenodo.org/communities/ia2030/

Requests for additional information should be addressed to research@learning.foundation.

This is a subset of data collected by The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) during the 1st IA2030 Full Learning Cycle (FLC).

The complete data set is more comprehensive, and includes: demographic information (gender, country), health system information (respondent’s health system level), respondents’ analyses of challenges and priorities.

Other publicly accessible locations of the data

The Geneva Learning Foundation publishes data sets in relation to its Immunization

Although France is officially declared free of bovine tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium bovis infection is still observed in several regions in cattle and wildlife, including badgers (Meles meles). In this context, vaccinating badgers should be considered as a promising strategy for the reduction in M. bovis transmission between badgers and other species, and cattle in particular. An oral vaccine consisting of live Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) contained in bait is currently under assessment for badgers, for which testing bait deployment in the field and assessing bait uptake by badgers are required. This study aimed to evaluate the bait uptake by badgers and determine the main factors influencing uptake in a TB-infected area in Burgundy, north-eastern France. The baits were delivered at 15 different setts located in the vicinity of 13 pastures within a TB-infected area, which has been subject to intense badger culling over the last decade. Pre-baits followed by baits containing a biomarker (Rhodamine B; no BCG vaccine) were delivered down sett entrances in the spring (8 days of pre-baiting and 4 days of baiting) and summer (2 days of pre-baiting and 2 days of baiting) of 2018. The consumption of the marked baits was assessed by detecting fluorescence, produced by Rhodamine B, in hair collected in hair traps positioned at the setts and on the margins of the targeted pastures. Collected hairs were also genotyped to differentiate individuals using 24 microsatellites markers and one sex marker. Bait uptake was estimated as the proportion of badgers consuming baits marked by the biomarker over all the sampled animals (individual level), per badger social group, and per targeted pasture. We found a bait uptake of 52.4% (43 marked individuals of 82 genetically identified) at the individual level and a mean of 48.9 and 50.6% at the social group and pasture levels, respectively. The bait uptake was positively associated with the presence of cubs (social group level) and negatively influenced by the intensity of previous trapping (social group and pasture levels). This study is the first conducted in France on bait deployment in a badger population of intermediate density after several years of intensive culling. The results are expected to provide valuable information toward a realistic deployment of oral vaccine baits to control TB in badger populations.

BackgroundIdentifying a specific threshold level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that confers protection in immunocompromised patients has been very challenging. The aim was to assess the threshold of 264 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml using four different SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (Abbott, Beckman, Roche, and Siemens) and to establish a new optimal threshold of protection for each of the four antibody assays.MethodsThis study was performed on data retrieved from 69 individuals, who received at least one dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (Spikevax) at the Alphabio Laboratory in Marseille, France (European Hospital, Alphabio–Biogroup). The results were compared to the percent inhibition calculated using a functional surrogate of a standardized virus neutralization test (Genscript).ResultsSamples from 69 patients were analyzed. For a reference cutoff of 264 BAU/ml, assays showed moderate to good overall concordance with Genscript: 87% concordance for Abbott, 78% for Beckman, 75% for Roche, and 88% for Siemens. Overall concordance increased consistently after applying new thresholds, i.e., 148 BAU/ml (Abbott), 48 (Beckman), 559 (Roche), and 270 (Siemens).ConclusionWe suggest specific adjusted thresholds (BAU/ml) for the four commercial antibody assays that are used to assess pre-exposure prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.

Pneumococcal disease (PD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, specifically among individuals ≥65 years of age and those with underlying medical conditions (UMCs). This retrospective cohort study estimated the clinical burden of PD in adults ≥18 years of age with or without UMCs in France. Data were obtained from the French National Health Data System for four yearly cohorts (1 January 2015–31 December 2018). Characteristics of patients with UMCs, with or without PD (UMC population), and the incidence rate and lethality rate of PD leading to hospitalization (in-patient PD population), stratified by age and risk status, were described. In the UMC population (n = 7,947,622; mean age: 65 years), the incidence rate of in-patient PD episodes was 121.98 per 100,000 person-years and was highest among individuals ≥65 years of age (138.52) and in those considered medium-risk (102.45) or high-risk (165.77). In the in-patient PD population (n = 41,885), 59.6% were ≥65 years of age; 1-year all-cause mortality following the initial in-patient PD episode was 26.5%. Individuals ≥65 years of age (regardless of risk status) had a higher risk of PD leading to hospitalization than individuals 18–64 years of age. This study shows a high burden of PD in France due to in-patient PD among adults with UMCs, particularly in those ≥65 years of age, despite their eligibility for pneumococcal vaccination. This highlights the need for higher vaccination coverage, supported by the recent extension of vaccination to all people ≥65 years of age, regardless of their health risk status.