Parental agency of their children’s language learning is often determined by their perceptions of the significance of the language in both family and society levels. Based on a larger ethnography conducted in Sydney from 2017 to 2020, this study investigates the language ideologies of Chinese immigrant parents from the People’s Republic of China in the recent decades, regarding the maintenance of their children’s Chinese heritage language(s). Drawing on the concept of language as pride and profit shifting between communities across time and space, this study reveals that Chinese parents primarily emphasize the economic benefits associated with Chinese languages when it comes to preserving their heritage language(s). While the significance of cultural pride and identity remains evident, there is a notable shift where the concept of pride is merging with that of profit concerning the importance of Chinese heritage language. However, the commodification of Chinese and identity, privileging “national” mandarin while marginalizing “regional” others, impedes the transmission of diverse Chinese heritage languages other than Mandarin. Simultaneously, the value-laden calculation of language prioritizes the “most” prestigious English, often at the expense of “heritage” Mandarin, regardless of its acknowledged economic potential. The findings illustrate how language ideologies and practices within the Chinese diaspora are shaped by power conflicts between English and Mandarin Chinese, hierarchical distinctions between Mandarin and non-Mandarin Chinese, and subtle stratification within regional Chinese languages. The research underscores the challenges faced by minority communities in preserving their heritage languages, particularly those with limited economic capital or political influence.

Data on immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth, citizenship, age and gender for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and parts.

This data set records the mechanical changes of population in Qinghai Province from 1952 to 2018. The data is divided by year. The data is the annual report data of the provincial public security department. The immigration and emigration population after 1985 are inter provincial immigration and emigration. The data in 1952 is based on the China population · Qinghai volume published by China finance and Economics Press Based on relevant data. The data are compiled from the statistical yearbook of Qinghai Province issued by Qinghai Provincial Bureau of statistics. The dataset contains 25 data tables: Changes of population and machinery in Qinghai Province in Main Years (1990-2019) xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2004 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2008 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2009 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2010 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2011 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2012 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2013 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2014 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2015 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2016 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2006 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1952-2007 xls Mechanical changes in population in Main Years 1987-2005 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1990-2017 xls Changes in population and machinery in major years 1990-2018 xls Main population changes 1952-2001 xls Main population changes 1952-2002 xls Population changes 1952-2003 xls Changes in population machinery, 1952-2002 xls Changes in population and machinery, 1952-2003 xls Changes of population and machinery in the whole province from 1952 to 1998 xls Changes of population and machinery in the whole province from 1952 to 1999 xls Changes of population and machinery in the whole province from 1952 to 2000 xls Changes of population and machinery in the whole province from 1952 to 2001 The XLS data table has the same structure. For example, there are five fields in the 1952-1998 data table of population and machinery changes in the province: Field 1: year Field 2: number of people Field 3: migration rate Field 4: number of people Field 5: emigration rate