Flu vaccine uptake (%) in adults aged 65 and over, who received the flu vaccination between 1st September to the end of February as recorded in the GP record. The February collection has been adopted for our end of season figures from 2017 to 2018. All previous data is the same definitions but until the end of January rather than February to consider data returning from outside the practice and later in practice vaccinations.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual Flu Letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 85 percent vaccine uptake in those aged 65 and over. Prior to this, the national vaccine uptake ambition was 75 percent, in line with WHO targets.Definition of numeratorNumerator is the number of vaccinations administered during the influenza season between 1st September and the end of February.Definition of denominatorDenominator is the GP registered population on the date of extraction including patients who have been offered the vaccine but refused it, as the uptake rate is measured against the overall eligible population. For more detailed information please see the user guide, available to view and download from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptakeCaveatsRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk, and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus are likely to fall outside the listed Read codes. Therefore, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.

Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), non-COVID-19 deaths and all deaths by vaccination status, broken down by age group.

University students, who face an elevated risk of influenza due to close living quarters and frequent social interactions, often exhibit low vaccine uptake rates. This issue is particularly pronounced among Chinese students, who encounter unique barriers related to awareness and access, emphasizing the need for heightened attention to this problem within this demographic. This cross-sectional study conducted in May-June 2022 involved 1,006 participants (404 in the UK, 602 in Mainland China) and aimed to explore and compare the factors influencing influenza vaccine acceptance and intentions between Chinese university students residing in the UK (C-UK) and Mainland China (C-M). The study employed a self-administered questionnaire based on the Theoretical Domains Framework and Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behavior model. Results revealed that approximately 46.8% of C-UK students received the influenza vaccine in the past year, compared to 32.9% of C-M students. More than half in both groups (C-UK: 54.5%, C-M: 58.1%) had no plans for vaccination in the upcoming year. Knowledge, belief about consequences, and reinforcement significantly influenced previous vaccine acceptance and intention in both student groups. Barriers to vaccination behavior included insufficient knowledge about the influenza vaccine and its accessibility and the distance to the vaccine center. Enablers included the vaccination behavior of individuals within their social circles, motivation to protect others, and concerns regarding difficulties in accessing medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for evidence-based intervention design, providing evidence for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and educators working to enhance vaccination rates within this specific demographic.

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in school aged children from Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 year olds) between 1st September to the end of January.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual flu letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 70% vaccine uptake in school aged children in Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 years old).Definition of numeratorThe total number of children in the respective eligible age cohort that have received at least one dose of influenza vaccine from 1 September in school, pharmacy, and general practice.Definition of denominatorThe total number of children eligible for influenza vaccination in the LA geography and children educated out of school in the LA geography, defined by child age on 31 AugustCaveatsData for ICBs are estimated from local authority data. In most cases, ICBs are coterminous with local authorities, so the ICB figures are precise. In cases where local authorities cross ICB boundaries, the local authority data are proportionally split between ICBs, based on the population located in each ICB.The affected ICBs are:Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and WiltshireBedfordshire, Luton and Milton KeynesBuckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire WestCambridgeshire and PeterboroughFrimleyHampshire and Isle of WightHertfordshire and West EssexHumber and North YorkshireLancashire and South CumbriaNorfolk and WaveneyNorth East and North CumbriaSuffolk and North East EssexSurrey HeartlandsSussexWest YorkshireRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus may fall outside the listed read codes. Therefore, it is important to note that for the reasons mentioned, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.This collection is regularly submitted for approval from the Data Coordination Board (DCB).

IntroductionThe key to understanding the COVID-19 correlates of protection is assessing vaccine-induced immunity in different demographic groups. Young people are at a lower risk of COVID-19 mortality, females are at a lower risk than males, and females often generate stronger immune responses to vaccination.MethodsWe studied immune responses to two doses of BNT162b2 Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in an adolescent cohort (n = 34, ages 12–16), an age group previously shown to elicit significantly greater immune responses to the same vaccine than young adults. Adolescents were studied with the aim of comparing their response to BNT162b2 to that of adults; and to assess the impacts of other factors such as sex, ongoing SARS–CoV–2 infection in schools, and prior exposure to endemic coronaviruses that circulate at high levels in young people. At the same time, we were able to evaluate immune responses to the co-administered live attenuated influenza vaccine. Blood samples from 34 adolescents taken before and after vaccination with COVID-19 and influenza vaccines were assayed for SARS–CoV–2-specific IgG and neutralising antibodies and cellular immunity specific for SARS–CoV–2 and endemic betacoronaviruses. The IgG targeting influenza lineages contained in the influenza vaccine were also assessed.ResultsRobust neutralising responses were identified in previously infected adolescents after one dose, and two doses were required in infection-naïve adolescents. As previously demonstrated, total IgG responses to SARS–CoV-2 Spike were significantly higher among vaccinated adolescents than among adults (aged 32–52) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine (comparing infection-naïve, 49,696 vs. 33,339; p = 0.03; comparing SARS-CoV–2 previously infected, 743,691 vs. 269,985; p <0.0001) by the MSD v-plex assay. There was no evidence of a stronger vaccine-induced immunity in females compared than in males.DiscussionThese findings may result from the introduction of novel mRNA vaccination platforms, generating patterns of immunity divergent from established trends and providing new insights into what might be protective following COVID-19 vaccination.

This dataset provides information on the percentage of people aged 65 and over who received a seasonal flu vaccination. It covers vaccinations administered during the influenza season, which runs from 1st September to the end of February. The data supports public health efforts to monitor and improve flu vaccine uptake among older adults, a group particularly vulnerable to complications from influenza. The dataset is sourced from official government vaccine uptake records.

Rationale

The indicator aims to increase the uptake of seasonal flu immunisations among individuals aged 65 and over. This supports broader public health goals to reduce the burden of influenza-related illness and hospitalisation in older populations.

Numerator

The numerator is the number of flu vaccinations administered to individuals aged 65 and over during the influenza season, from 1st September to the end of February. This data is collected through the GOV Seasonal Flu Vaccine Uptake programme.

Denominator

The denominator is the GP-registered population aged 65 and over on the date of data extraction. It includes all eligible individuals, including those who were offered the vaccine but declined it, ensuring the uptake rate reflects the entire target population.

Caveats

Data collection relies on Read codes used in GP systems to identify patients in clinical risk groups eligible for vaccination. Limitations may arise from incomplete coding or delays in data entry. Additionally, the dataset may not capture all eligible individuals if their records are not updated in time.

External references

OHID Fingertips: Seasonal Flu Vaccinations in Over 65s

Localities ExplainedThis dataset contains data based on either the resident locality or registered locality of the patient, a distinction is made between resident locality and registered locality populations:Resident Locality refers to individuals who live within the defined geographic boundaries of the locality. These boundaries are aligned with official administrative areas such as wards and Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs).Registered Locality refers to individuals who are registered with GP practices that are assigned to a locality based on the Primary Care Network (PCN) they belong to. These assignments are approximate—PCNs are mapped to a locality based on the location of most of their GP surgeries. As a result, locality-registered patients may live outside the locality, sometimes even in different towns or cities.This distinction is important because some health indicators are only available at GP practice level, without information on where patients actually reside. In such cases, data is attributed to the locality based on GP registration, not residential address.

Click here to explore more from the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Partnerships Outcome Framework.

This dataset is no longer updated, find vaccination data here From 24 March 2022, Public Health Scotland (PHS) began reporting the number of people who have received a fourth dose of Covid-19 vaccination. Vaccine uptake statistics among care home residents and those who are severely immunosuppressed will be reported initially. PHS will include further updates as the Spring/Summer vaccination programme rolls out. In addition, as part of our continuous review of reporting, PHS made some changes to vaccine uptake statistics. From 24 March 2022, the deceased and those who no longer live in Scotland are no longer be included in vaccine uptake statistics. Historic trend data have been updated to take into account this new methodology for all apart from the Daily Trends by JCVI Priority Group table (more details about the data in this table are below). Scotland level data for all vaccinations administered (i.e. including those who have since died or moved from Scotland) are still available in the Daily Trend of All Vaccinations Delivered in Scotland table. Also from 24 March 2022, Dose 3/Booster doses are termed "Dose 3". To allow new data to be fully processed and available at 14:00, the Daily COVID-19 in Scotland and COVID-19 Vaccination in Scotland datasets will be temporarily unavailable from 12:45 to 14:00. During this window, the datasets will not be visible and any queries made to these datasets will return a 404 - Not found error. At all other times the datasets will be available in full as usual. PHS reviewed the JCVI priority group uptake figures from 18 November 2021, specifically how we derive the numerator and the denominator. The rational for the change is to ensure we report on most up to date living population for each group. For this, the list of individuals in each cohort has been refreshed to be more current. We have also removed individuals who have since died to reflect the current living population. From the 24 March 2022 those who are no longer living in Scotland have also been removed from the numerator and denominator for JCVI priority group uptake figures. This means all the JCVI cohorts and populations have changed for both numerator and denominators on these two dates and care should be taken when interpreting trends. On 08 December 2020, a Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine developed by Pfizer BioNTech (Comirnaty) was first used in the UK as part of national immunisation programmes. The AstraZeneca (Spikevax) vaccine was also approved for use in the national programme, and rollout of this vaccine began on 04 January 2021. Moderna (Vaxzevria) vaccine was approved for use on 8 January 2021 and rollout of this vaccine began on 07 April 2021. These vaccines have met strict standards of safety, quality and effectiveness set out by the independent Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Those giving the vaccine to others were the first to receive the vaccination. In the first phase of the programme, NHS Scotland followed the independent advice received from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) and prioritised delivery of the vaccine to those with the greatest clinical need, in line with the recommended order of prioritisation. For booster vaccinations a similar approach has been adopted. Definitions used in the vaccine uptake by JCVI priority group resource can be found in the JCVI Priority Group Definitions table. Individuals can appear in more than one JCVI priority group. This dataset provides information on daily number of COVID vaccinations in Scotland. Data on the total number of vaccinations in Scotland is presented by day administered and vaccine type, by age group, by sex, by non-age cohorts and by geographies (NHS Board and Local Authority). As the population in the cohorts can change with time, these will be refined when updated data are available. Additional data sources relating to this topic area are provided in the Links section of the Metadata below. Data visualisation and additional notes are available on the Public Health Scotland - Covid 19 Scotland dashboard.

This data originates from the Public Health Outcomes tool currently presents data for available indicators for upper tier local authority levels, collated by Public Health England (PHE). The data currently published here are the baselines for the Public Health Outcomes Framework, together with more recent data where these are available. The baseline period is 2010 or equivalent, unless these data are unavailable or not deemed to be of sufficient quality. The first data were published in this tool as an official statistics release in November 2012. Future official statistics updates will be published as part of a quarterly update cycle in August, November, February and May. The definition, rationale, source information, and methodology for each indicator can be found within the spreadsheet. Data included in the spreadsheet: 0.1i - Healthy life expectancy at birth0.1ii - Life Expectancy at 650.1ii - Life Expectancy at birth0.2i - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth based on national deprivation deciles within England0.2ii - Number of upper tier local authorities for which the local slope index of inequality in life expectancy (as defined in 0.2iii) has decreased0.2iii - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth within English local authorities, based on local deprivation deciles within each area0.2iv - Gap in life expectancy at birth between each local authority and England as a whole0.2v - Slope index of inequality in healthy life expectancy at birth based on national deprivation deciles within England0.2vii - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth within English regions, based on regional deprivation deciles within each area1.01i - Children in poverty (all dependent children under 20)1.01ii - Children in poverty (under 16s)1.02i - School Readiness: The percentage of children achieving a good level of development at the end of reception1.02i - School Readiness: The percentage of children with free school meal status achieving a good level of development at the end of reception1.02ii - School Readiness: The percentage of Year 1 pupils achieving the expected level in the phonics screening check1.02ii - School Readiness: The percentage of Year 1 pupils with free school meal status achieving the expected level in the phonics screening check1.03 - Pupil absence1.04 - First time entrants to the youth justice system1.05 - 16-18 year olds not in education employment or training1.06i - Adults with a learning disability who live in stable and appropriate accommodation1.06ii - % of adults in contact with secondary mental health services who live in stable and appropriate accommodation1.07 - People in prison who have a mental illness or a significant mental illness1.08i - Gap in the employment rate between those with a long-term health condition and the overall employment rate1.08ii - Gap in the employment rate between those with a learning disability and the overall employment rate1.08iii - Gap in the employment rate for those in contact with secondary mental health services and the overall employment rate1.09i - Sickness absence - The percentage of employees who had at least one day off in the previous week1.09ii - Sickness absence - The percent of working days lost due to sickness absence1.10 - Killed and seriously injured (KSI) casualties on England's roads1.11 - Domestic Abuse1.12i - Violent crime (including sexual violence) - hospital admissions for violence1.12ii - Violent crime (including sexual violence) - violence offences per 1,000 population1.12iii- Violent crime (including sexual violence) - Rate of sexual offences per 1,000 population1.13i - Re-offending levels - percentage of offenders who re-offend1.13ii - Re-offending levels - average number of re-offences per offender1.14i - The rate of complaints about noise1.14ii - The percentage of the population exposed to road, rail and air transport noise of 65dB(A) or more, during the daytime1.14iii - The percentage of the population exposed to road, rail and air transport noise of 55 dB(A) or more during the night-time1.15i - Statutory homelessness - homelessness acceptances1.15ii - Statutory homelessness - households in temporary accommodation1.16 - Utilisation of outdoor space for exercise/health reasons1.17 - Fuel Poverty1.18i - Social Isolation: % of adult social care users who have as much social contact as they would like1.18ii - Social Isolation: % of adult carers who have as much social contact as they would like1.19i - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in local area during the day1.19ii - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in local area after dark1.19iii - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in own home at night2.01 - Low birth weight of term babies2.02i - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding initiation2.02ii - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding prevalence at 6-8 weeks after birth2.03 - Smoking status at time of delivery2.04 - Under 18 conceptions2.04 - Under 18 conceptions: conceptions in those aged under 162.06i - Excess weight in 4-5 and 10-11 year olds - 4-5 year olds2.06ii - Excess weight in 4-5 and 10-11 year olds - 10-11 year olds2.07i - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children (aged 0-14 years)2.07i - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children (aged 0-4 years)2.07ii - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in young people (aged 15-24)2.08 - Emotional well-being of looked after children2.09i - Smoking prevalence at age 15 - current smokers (WAY survey)2.09ii - Smoking prevalence at age 15 - regular smokers (WAY survey)2.09iii - Smoking prevalence at age 15 - occasional smokers (WAY survey)2.09iv - Smoking prevalence at age 15 years - regular smokers (SDD survey)2.09v - Smoking prevalence at age 15 years - occasional smokers (SDD survey)2.12 - Excess Weight in Adults2.13i - Percentage of physically active and inactive adults - active adults2.13ii - Percentage of physically active and inactive adults - inactive adults2.14 - Smoking Prevalence2.14 - Smoking prevalence - routine & manual2.15i - Successful completion of drug treatment - opiate users2.15ii - Successful completion of drug treatment - non-opiate users2.16 - People entering prison with substance dependence issues who are previously not known to community treatment2.17 - Recorded diabetes2.18 - Admission episodes for alcohol-related conditions - narrow definition2.19 - Cancer diagnosed at early stage (Experimental Statistics)2.20i - Cancer screening coverage - breast cancer2.20ii - Cancer screening coverage - cervical cancer2.21i - Antenatal infectious disease screening – HIV coverage2.21iii - Antenatal Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening - coverage2.21iv - Newborn bloodspot screening - coverage2.21v - Newborn Hearing screening - Coverage2.21vii - Access to non-cancer screening programmes - diabetic retinopathy2.21viii - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening2.22iii - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 offered an NHS Health Check2.22iv - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 offered an NHS Health Check who received an NHS Health Check2.22v - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 who received an NHS Health check2.23i - Self-reported well-being - people with a low satisfaction score2.23ii - Self-reported well-being - people with a low worthwhile score2.23iii - Self-reported well-being - people with a low happiness score2.23iv - Self-reported well-being - people with a high anxiety score2.23v - Average Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) score2.24i - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over2.24ii - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over - aged 65-792.24iii - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over - aged 80+3.01 - Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution3.02 - Chlamydia detection rate (15-24 year olds)3.02 - Chlamydia detection rate (15-24 year olds)3.03i - Population vaccination coverage - Hepatitis B (1 year old)3.03i - Population vaccination coverage - Hepatitis B (2 years old)3.03iii - Population vaccination coverage - Dtap / IPV / Hib (1 year old)3.03iii - Population vaccination coverage - Dtap / IPV / Hib (2 years old)3.03iv - Population vaccination coverage - MenC3.03ix - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for one dose (5 years old)3.03v - Population vaccination coverage - PCV3.03vi - Population vaccination coverage - Hib / Men C booster (5 years)3.03vi - Population vaccination coverage - Hib / MenC booster (2 years old)3.03vii - Population vaccination coverage - PCV booster3.03viii - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for one dose (2 years old)3.03x - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for two doses (5 years old)3.03xii - Population vaccination coverage - HPV3.03xiii - Population vaccination coverage - PPV3.03xiv - Population vaccination coverage - Flu (aged 65+)3.03xv - Population vaccination coverage - Flu (at risk individuals)3.04 - People presenting with HIV at a late stage of infection3.05i - Treatment completion for TB3.05ii - Incidence of TB3.06 - NHS organisations with a board approved sustainable development management plan3.07 - Comprehensive, agreed inter-agency plans for responding to health protection incidents and emergencies4.01 - Infant mortality4.02 - Tooth decay in children aged 54.03 - Mortality rate from causes considered preventable4.04i - Under 75 mortality rate from all cardiovascular diseases4.04ii - Under 75 mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases considered preventable4.05i - Under 75 mortality rate from cancer4.05ii - Under 75 mortality rate from cancer considered preventable4.06i - Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease4.06ii - Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease considered preventable4.07i - Under 75 mortality rate from respiratory disease4.07ii - Under 75 mortality rate from respiratory disease considered preventable4.08 - Mortality

This dataset reports on the uptake of seasonal flu vaccinations among children aged 2 to 3 years old in England. It reflects the percentage of children in this age group who received the flu vaccine between 1st September and the end of February, as recorded in GP systems. The data supports public health efforts to increase childhood immunisation rates and reduce the spread of influenza in early years settings.

Rationale

The rationale for this indicator is to increase childhood immunisation coverage by age 2, focusing on flu vaccination for children aged 2 and 3. Early vaccination helps protect young children from influenza and contributes to broader community immunity.

Numerator

The numerator is the number of flu vaccinations administered to children aged 2 and 3 years during the influenza season, from 1st September to the end of February. This data is collected through the GOV Seasonal Flu Vaccine Uptake programme.

Denominator

The denominator is the GP-registered population of children aged 2 and 3 years as of 31st August. It includes all eligible children, including those who were offered the vaccine but declined it. The age cut-off aligns with the academic school year.

Caveats

The data represents a final percentage based on responses from all participating GP practices in England. National totals are derived from the GP practice sample and are not extrapolated. Data collection depends on accurate and timely updates to GP records.

External references

OHID Fingertips: Flu Immunisation in Children

Localities ExplainedThis dataset contains data based on either the resident locality or registered locality of the patient, a distinction is made between resident locality and registered locality populations:Resident Locality refers to individuals who live within the defined geographic boundaries of the locality. These boundaries are aligned with official administrative areas such as wards and Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs).Registered Locality refers to individuals who are registered with GP practices that are assigned to a locality based on the Primary Care Network (PCN) they belong to. These assignments are approximate—PCNs are mapped to a locality based on the location of most of their GP surgeries. As a result, locality-registered patients may live outside the locality, sometimes even in different towns or cities.This distinction is important because some health indicators are only available at GP practice level, without information on where patients actually reside. In such cases, data is attributed to the locality based on GP registration, not residential address.

Click here to explore more from the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Partnerships Outcome Framework.

Description of how seasonal influenza vaccine is offered to individuals in risk groups that are part of the vaccine recommendations, in 2019/2020, by country.