The Pew Research Center for the People & the Press December Political Survey was conducted December 3–7, 2014, with a national sample of 1,507 adults. Interviews were conducted using RDD landline and cell phone samples, including cell-only households as well as those with both landline and cell phones. The survey focused on race relations, public opinion on gun rights, immigration, political divisions, and U.S. energy production.

Pakistan PK: Internet Users: Individuals: % of Population data was reported at 15.515 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.000 % for 2015. Pakistan PK: Internet Users: Individuals: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 6.416 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.515 % in 2016 and a record low of 0.000 % in 1990. Pakistan PK: Internet Users: Individuals: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank: Telecommunication. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc.; ; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database.; Weighted average; Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data.

Abstract

The fourth edition of the Global Findex offers a lens into how people accessed and used financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mobility restrictions and health policies drove increased demand for digital services of all kinds.

The Global Findex is the world's most comprehensive database on financial inclusion. It is also the only global demand-side data source allowing for global and regional cross-country analysis to provide a rigorous and multidimensional picture of how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage financial risks. Global Findex 2021 data were collected from national representative surveys of about 128,000 adults in more than 120 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, and 2017 editions, and it includes a number of new series measuring financial health and resilience and contains more granular data on digital payment adoption, including merchant and government payments.

The Global Findex is an indispensable resource for financial service practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and development professionals.

Geographic coverage

Did not include Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan. The excluded area represents approximately 5 percent of the total population. Gender-matched sampling was used during the final stage of selection.

Analysis unit

Individual

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

In most developing economies, Global Findex data have traditionally been collected through face-to-face interviews. Surveys are conducted face-to-face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where in-person surveying is the customary methodology. However, because of ongoing COVID-19 related mobility restrictions, face-to-face interviewing was not possible in some of these economies in 2021. Phone-based surveys were therefore conducted in 67 economies that had been surveyed face-to-face in 2017. These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. Gallup takes both mobile phone and landline ownership into consideration. According to Gallup World Poll 2019 data, when face-to-face surveys were last carried out in these economies, at least 80 percent of adults in almost all of them reported mobile phone ownership. All samples are probability-based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. Phone surveys were not a viable option in 17 economies that had been part of previous Global Findex surveys, however, because of low mobile phone ownership and surveying restrictions. Data for these economies will be collected in 2022 and released in 2023.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed, and the hand-held survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In traditionally phone-based economies, respondent selection follows the same procedure as in previous years, using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In most economies where mobile phone and landline penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used.

The same respondent selection procedure is applied to the new phone-based economies. Dual frame (landline and mobile phone) random digital dialing is used where landline presence and use are 20 percent or higher based on historical Gallup estimates. Mobile phone random digital dialing is used in economies with limited to no landline presence (less than 20 percent).

For landline respondents in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is 80 percent or higher, random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. For mobile phone respondents in these economies or in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is less than 80 percent, no further selection is performed. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

Sample size for Pakistan is 1002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaires are available on the website.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar. 2022. The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.

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The March Political Survey was conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press from March 20–25, 2019, with a nationally representative sample of 1,503 U.S. adults. Interviews were conducted via RDD (random-digit dial) samples of cell phones and landlines, with weighting applied to ensure representativeness. Two key weighting variables are provided: WEIGHT — to be used for all analyses combining landline and cell phone respondents. CELLWEIGHT — for analyses of cell phone-only respondents (landline cases excluded). Geographic identifiers are based primarily on self-reported ZIP codes (introduced in 2008 for improved accuracy). For respondents without usable ZIP codes, sampling frame information was applied. Original sample-based geographic variables (marked with a prefix s) remain in the dataset for archival purposes. To protect privacy, telephone numbers, county of residence, and ZIP codes have been removed from the public data file. The dataset also includes constructed demographic variables (e.g., combined race and race/ethnicity), with syntax provided for reproducibility.

Abstract

The Global Findex 2025 reveals how mobile technology is equipping more adults around the world to own and use financial accounts to save formally, access credit, make and receive digital payments, and pursue opportunities. Including the inaugural Global Findex Digital Connectivity Tracker, this fifth edition of Global Findex presents new insights on the interactions among mobile phone ownership, internet use, and financial inclusion.

The Global Findex is the world’s most comprehensive database on digital and financial inclusion. It is also the only global source of comparable demand-side data, allowing cross-country analysis of how adults access and use mobile phones, the internet, and financial accounts to reach digital information and resources, save, borrow, make payments, and manage their financial health. Data for the Global Findex 2025 were collected from nationally representative surveys of about 145,000 adults in 141 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2021 editions and includes new series measuring mobile phone ownership and internet use, digital safety, and frequency of transactions using financial services.

The Global Findex 2025 is an indispensable resource for policy makers in the fields of digital connectivity and financial inclusion, as well as for practitioners, researchers, and development professionals.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

In most low- and middle-income economies, Global Findex data were collected through face-to-face interviews. In these economies, an area frame design was used for interviewing. In most high-income economies, telephone surveys were used. In 2024, face-to-face interviews were again conducted in 22 economies after phone-based surveys had been employed in 2021 as a result of mobility restrictions related to COVID-19. In addition, an abridged form of the questionnaire was administered by phone to survey participants in Algeria, China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Libya, Mauritius, and Ukraine because of economy-specific restrictions. In just one economy, Singapore, did the interviewing mode change from face to face in 2021 to phone based in 2024.

In economies in which face-to-face surveys were conducted, the first stage of sampling was the identification of primary sampling units. These units were then stratified by population size, geography, or both and clustered through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information was available, sample selection was based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling was used. Random route procedures were used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurred, interviewers made up to three attempts to survey each sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts were made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview could not be completed at a household that was initially part of the sample, a simple substitution method was used to select a replacement household for inclusion.

Respondents were randomly selected within sampled households. Each eligible household member (that is, all those ages 15 or older) was listed, and a handheld survey device randomly selected the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method was used to select the respondent. In economies in which cultural restrictions dictated gender matching, respondents were randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer’s gender.

In economies in which Global Findex surveys have traditionally been phone based, respondent selection followed the same procedure as in previous years, using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In most economies in which mobile phone and landline penetration is high, a dual sampling frame was used.

The same procedure for respondent selection was applied to economies in which phone-based interviews were being conducted for the first time. Dual-frame (landline and mobile phone) random digit dialing was used where landline presence and use are 20 percent or higher based on historical Gallup estimates. Mobile phone random digit dialing was used in economies with limited or no landline presence (less than 20 percent). For landline respondents in economies in which mobile phone or landline penetration is 80 percent or higher, respondents were selected randomly by using either the next-birthday method or the household enumeration method, which involves listing all eligible household members and randomly selecting one to participate. For mobile phone respondents in these economies or in economies in which mobile phone or landline penetration is less than 80 percent, no further selection was performed. At least three attempts were made to reach the randomly selected person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

Research instrument

The English version of the questionnaire is provided for download.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in: Klapper, Leora, Dorothe Singer, Laura Starita, and Alexandra Norris. 2025. The Global Findex Database 2025: Connectivity and Financial Inclusion in the Digital Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2204-9.

Pew Research Center – January 2019 Political Survey Conducted January 9–14, 2019 (N=1,505), this nationally representative survey captures public opinion on key political issues including the government shutdown, border wall funding, presidential approval, and national priorities. It uses a dual-frame RDD sample of landline and cell phone users, with weighting variables (, ) to support both full-sample and cell-only analyses. The dataset includes constructed race and race-ethnicity variables, and geographic data derived from self-reported ZIP codes to improve accuracy.

Pakistan PK: Bank Account Ownership at a Financial Institution or with a Mobile-Money-Service Provider: % of Population Aged 15-24 data was reported at 14.892 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.196 % for 2014. Pakistan PK: Bank Account Ownership at a Financial Institution or with a Mobile-Money-Service Provider: % of Population Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 13.196 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2017, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.892 % in 2017 and a record low of 7.955 % in 2011. Pakistan PK: Bank Account Ownership at a Financial Institution or with a Mobile-Money-Service Provider: % of Population Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank.WDI: Bank Account Ownership. Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (young adults, % of population ages 15-24).; ; Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2018, Global Financial Inclusion Database, World Bank.; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Pew Research Center – January 2018 Political Survey Conducted January 10–15, 2018 (N=1,503), this nationally representative omnibus survey captures public opinion on midterm election expectations, U.S. tax reform, immigration policy, and shifting policy priorities. The dataset includes both landline and cell phone interviews via RDD sampling, with weighting variables (WEIGHT, CELLWEIGHT) to support full-sample and cell-only analyses. Constructed demographic variables include race and race-ethnicity, and geographic data is derived from self-reported ZIP codes to improve accuracy.

Title: Pew Research Center – August Political Survey Fieldwork Dates: August 9–16, 2016 Sample Size: N = 2,010 respondents Mode: Dual-frame RDD (Random Digit Dial) including both landline and cell phone interviews Purpose: To assess public opinion on political issues, candidate preferences, immigration, and gun policy during the 2016 election cycle.