SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES VETERAN STATUS - DP02 Universe - Civilian population 18 Year and over Survey-Program - American Community Survey 5-year estimates Years - 2020, 2021, 2022 Veteran status is used to identify people with active duty military service and service in the military Reserves and the National Guard. Veterans are men and women who have served (even for a short time), but are not currently serving, on active duty in the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or the Coast Guard, or who served in the U.S. Merchant Marine during World War II. People who served in the National Guard or Reserves are classified as veterans only if they were ever called or ordered to active duty, not counting the 4-6 months for initial training or yearly summer camps.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Census Bureau includes landmarks such as military installations in the MTDB for locating special features and to help enumerators during field operations. In 2012, the Census Bureau obtained the inventory and boundaries of most military installations from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for Air Force, Army, Marine, and Navy installations and from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for Coast Guard installations. The military installation boundaries in this release represent the updates the Census Bureau made in 2012 in collaboration with DoD.

Over the course of the Second World War approximately 127.2 million people were mobilized. The world's population in 1940 was roughly 2.3 billion, meaning that between five and six percent of the world was drafted into the military in some capacity. Approximately one in every 25 people mobilized were women, who generally served in an administrative or medical role, although hundreds of thousands of women did see active combat. Largest armies In absolute numbers, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest number of people at just under 34.5 million, and this included roughly 35 percent of the USSR's male population. By the war's end, more Soviets were mobilized than all European Axis powers combined. However, in relative terms, it was Germany who mobilized the largest share of its male population, with approximately 42 percent of men serving. The USSR was forced to find a balance between reinforcing its frontlines and maintaining agricultural and military production to supply its army (in addition to those in annexed territory after 1941), whereas a large share of soldiers taken from the German workforce were replaced by workers drafted or forcibly taken from other countries (including concentration camp prisoners and PoWs). Studying the figures The figures given in these statistics are a very simplified and rounded overview - in reality, there were many nuances in the number of people who were effectively mobilized for each country, their roles, and their status as auxiliary, collaborative, or resistance forces. The British Empire is the only power where distinctions are made between the metropole and its colonies or territories, whereas breakdowns of those who fought in other parts of Asia or Africa remains unclear. Additionally, when comparing this data with total fatalities, it is important to account for the civilian death toll, i.e. those who were not mobilized.

With more than 1,500 individual entries, this is the inaugural instalment of my research database collated in the framework of the Project Forgotten Soldiers: Jewish Military Experience in the Habsburg Monarchy. This is an open access database, and everyone is welcome to use it according to their own scholarly and personal interests. In 1,189 cases we have official documented records confirming the soldiers were Jewish. In another 313 entries I was able to identify likely Jewish soldiers based on circumstantial evidence cross-referencing names and places of birth, with the presence of confirmed Jewish soldiers drafted into the same units as part of the same recruitment drive. This dataset further includes evidence for 156 spouses and 47 children. While military records do mentions these, their number suggests that the Habsburg army preferred to enlist unmarried men.

The database is structured in a similar way to an official individual entry in the Habsburg military records. These were arranged in tables, with soldiers listed by seniority. Name, place and land of birth are followed by age and religion. This latter rubric allows identifying the bulk of the Jewish soldiers. Also included in the record is marital status, profession (if any), number, names and ages of children (if any), followed by a short summary text of the soldier’s service itinerary. While not always consistent in detail, these texts mention enlistment dates, transfers between units, promotions, desertions, periods as prisoner of war and military awards (if any). I have taken the material from the personal records and added several additional parameters:

• The soldiers are entered into the database according to their date of enlistment. This is followed by a colour-coded table showing their years of service. To see the meaning of the different colours employed, scroll to the legend at the end of the dataset.
• Following the years of service, we see the date when the soldier left service (final year in service for incomplete service records). When known, the reason the soldier left the army is given (discharge/ death/ desertion etc).
• Then come the three most important columns within the table: service record, primary sources and units. At first glance, these columns have only a few letters and numbers, but bring your mouse courser onto the relevant field marked with red triangles. An additional window will then open:

a. Service Record: Shows the entire service record of the soldier arranged by date. I use original German as it appears in the archival records. If you see spelling differences with modern German – they are there for a reason.

b. Primary Sources: Provides the information on all the archival records consulted to reconstruct the service itinerary. The number in the field denotes the number of the archival cartons consulted.

c. Units: Number of units in which a soldier serves. Bringing the cursor on to the field will open their list. Most Jewish soldiers served in the line infantry (IR) and the Military Transport Corps (MFWK or MFK). However, there were also Jewish sharpshooters, cavalrymen, gunners and even a few members of the nascent Austrian Navy.

• The next two columns provide entries of the soldier’s conduct and medical condition, which in Habsburg military jargon was referred to rather callously as Defekten. I note the original medical diagnoses verbatim. When possible to identify, I note the modern medical term.
• General database-wide parameters are then noted in the next part of the table. Among others, it provides information on enlistment type (conscript/ volunteer?), main branches of service (such as Infantry/ Cavalry/ Artillery), and roles within the military (such as non-commissioned officers/ drummers/ medics).
• Concluding this part of the table are columns covering desertions, periods as prisoner of war and awards of the army cannon cross (for veterans of 1813-14) and other military awards.
• The last column provides the original German outtake rubric as to how the soldier left service. In special cases, additional service notes are provides on the right.

How to use this dataset

This depends on what you are looking for. Firstly, download the dataset on to your computer via the link provided below. It is a simple Excel file which is easy to work with. If you wish to find out whether one of your ancestors served in the Habsburg army, use a simple keyword search. Please note that in our period there was no single accepted orthography meaning that some letters were used interchangeably (for instance B/P; D/T). There were also various patronymic suffices used in different parts of the monarchy (-witz in German/ -wicz in Polish/ -vits in Hungarian). Habsburg military clerks were mostly German speakers who often recorded the name phonetically. For instance, Jankel/ Jankl/ Jacob/ Jacobus all denote the same name. A Jewish teenager who identified himself as Moische when first reporting to duty, may have stayed so in the military records for decades, even if he was already a non-commissioned officer whose subordinates referred to as Herr Corporal.

If you study the history of concrete Jewish communities, use the keyword search and the filter option to find entries in the database where this locality is mentioned. Some places like Prague and Lublin could be identified effortlessly. In other cases (and see the above point on German-speaking clerks), place names were recorded phonetically. The military authority usually stuck to official Polish names in Galicia, and Hungarian in the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephan. In reality, a Jewish recruit from Transcarpathian Ruthenia could have his place of birth recorded in Hungarian, Romanian or Rusin. When I could not identify the place in question, I marked it with italics. Do you think you identified something I could not? Excellent! Then please write me, and I will correct the entry in the next instalment of this database.

I should stress that, currently, the database is not statistically representative. I have worked chronologically, meaning that there are disproportionally more entries for Jewish soldiers from the Turkish War, the first two Coalition Wars, and the Wars of 1805 and 1809. If you look at some of my other databases (for instance, that of the 1st Line Infantry Regiment 'Kaiser'), you will find least as many Jews who served in the wars of 1813-15. I will cover these in due course. This said, using the filter option of the Excel sheet, you can already make some individual queries. For instance, did Jewish grenadiers meet the minimal height requirement to be eligible for transfer into the elite infantry? (Hint: they did not!) If you are interested in the historical study of nutritional standards, compare the height of the soldiers with their year and place of birth. In my other project, I made calculations of the average height of Habsburg soldiers and I can already reveal that Jewish conscripts were, on average, several centimetres smaller than their non-Jewish comrades drafted in the same annual intake. Whatever stereotypes said, most Jews in the Habsburg Monarchy around 1800 were very poor and the sad fact of malnutrition as a child is reflected in their height as adults.

I should stress that this is a cumulative database. ZENODO has an excellent feature allowing updated versions to supersede earlier files while retaining the same DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and metadata. As my research progresses, I plan to upload new versions of this database bi-annually. This includes not only adding new entries, but also expanding and correcting existing ones. It might well be that the service record of a soldier covered up to 1806 will be brought to a later date, possibly even to his discharge from the army. If you have not found whom you are looking for, or if you want to work with larger samples for your research, visit this page again in a few months’ time. And if you do use this database for scholarly research (by all means, please do), do not forget to cite it as you would cite any other item in your bibliography! If you are a museum professional and you want to employ material from your database to illustrate your exhibitions, you are welcome, but please cite this resource for others to learn. Links to this database will also be appreciated.

Military service status by Indigenous identity, age and gender of the population aged 17 years and over in private households.

In 1808, as it was preparing for a major new war against Napoleonic France, the armed forces of the Habsburg Monarchy were augmented by two additional recruitment systems. In parallel to the creation of a trained reserve, which significantly increased the manpower available to the regular army, a popular levy was raised in the Austro-Bohemian crown lands. With a strength of nearly 150 battalions, the Landwehr was intended primarily for national defence. Its individual battalions were formed on a strictly territorial basis, ensuring men from the same area would serve together. In March 1809, when general mobilisation was declared, members of the Landwehr were asked to offer themselves as war volunteers. In the Kingdom of Bohemia, six battalions of such volunteers were drawn out of a total of 50 Landwehr battalions. To emphasise that they were wartime formations and not part of the standing army, these volunteer battalions were formally designated either as Freikorps or as Freiwillige. The Bohemian Freikorps was named Legion Erzherzog Carl in honour of the Austrian commander-in-chief, Generalissimo Archduke Charles. Unlike the regular army and the Landwehr, the bulk of the Legion was made of genuine volunteers. The unit sustained heavy combat casualties, but relatively few of its soldiers were taken prisoner, deserted, or went missing. Despite the defeat of the Austrian army, the Legion's battalions maintained their combat effectiveness to the very end of the war.

Based on all available manpower reports preserved in the Austrian State Archives, this database covers all 16 documented Jewish soldiers of the Legion EH Carl. Apart from one veteran non-commissioned officer who was transferred from the regular army, the remaining Jewish soldiers volunteered from their respective Landwehr battalions or were exempt civilians who signed up directly into the unit. The detailed monthly tables enable the reconstruction of their entire service itineraries, almost on a daily basis. When considered together, the Jewish soldiers of the Legion appear to have been enthusiastic fighters. By the end of the war, half of them had either become casualties or had been promoted to non-commissioned officers. Contrary to many regular army and Landwehr units, the EH Carl Legion did not experience disciplinary disintegration. It was, therefore, able to retain most of its men during the retreats from Bavaria and from the Battle of Wagram. Hence, most of its Jewish soldiers survived the war and were honourably discharged when the Legion was dissolved in January 1810.

The remaining 25 entries cover all the documented Jewish soldiers who served in other volunteer formations of the Austrian army during the 1809 War. Similar to Bohemia, volunteers were raised from the 24 Landwehr Battalions of Moravia and Silesia. The service record of the Mährische-Schlesische Freiwillige was similar to that the Legion EH Carl. Its three battalions fought well, as did its eight Jewish soldiers. Very different was the experience of the three Free Battalions from Galicia where not enough local volunteers came forward. After failing to reach the desired strength at the start of the war, these units first took foreign mercenaries and deserters and then, when many of these ran away, had to resort to conscripts. The fifteen Jewish soldiers of the Galician battalions were just that - a combination of transferees from the regular army, foreigners (including a deserter from the French army), and later in the war, conscripts. Almost half of them had deserted before the battalions were disbanded. The Bukovina Freikorps actually had two stages: a popular levy, which was badly defeated by the advancing Poles and which was subsequently re-organised as an army-run Freikorps manned primarily by second echelon troops: border guards, garrison troops, and members of the deserter cordon. Each of these formations had a Jewish soldier. Both were volunteers, and one of them even came with his own horse.

It should be made clear that the 41 individual entries in this dataset cannot give a full picture of the Jewish presence in volunteer formations in 1809. Unusually, the enlistment papers of the six battalions of the Wiener Freiwillige, by far the best-known volunteer formation of the Austrian army, did not record the religion of the recruits. Any Jew who served in that unit would not be known to us. Furthermore, the experience of the Jewish members of the volunteer formations should be seen in wider context. It was colourful but unrepresentative. There were probably hundreds of Jews in the Landwehr and several thousands in the regular army. Collective enthusiasm to volunteer pro-actively for military service to prove a point, which occurred in Jewish communities of the Habsburg Monarchy later on and particular during the First World War, was still very far away.

For more information on the Austrian Volunteer Formations during the 1809 War, see:

Alfons von Wrede, Geschichte der k. und k. Wehrmacht, 5 Vols., (Vienna: Seidel, 1898–1905), Vol. 2, pp. 459-66.

For more information on the Legion EH Carl, see:

Anton Ernstberger, Böhmens Freiwilliger Kriegseinsatz gegen Napoleon 1809, Veröffentlichen des Collegium Carolinum 14, (Munich: Robert Lerche, 1963), pp. 9-55.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The European State Finance Database (ESFD) is an international collaborative research project for the collection of data in European fiscal history. There are no strict geographical or chronological boundaries to the collection, although data for this collection comprise the period between c.1200 to c.1815. The purpose of the ESFD was to establish a significant database of European financial and fiscal records. The data are drawn from the main extant sources of a number of European countries, as the evidence and the state of scholarship permit. The aim was to collect the data made available by scholars, whether drawing upon their published or unpublished archival research, or from other published material.
The ESFD project at the University of Leicester serves also to assist scholars working with the data by providing statistical manipulations of data and high quality graphical outputs for publication. The broad aim of the project was to act as a facilitator for a general methodological and statistical advance in the area of European fiscal history, with data capture and the interpretation of data in key publications as the measurable indicators of that advance. The data were originally deposited at the UK Data Archive in SAS transport format and as ASCII files; however, data files in this new edition have been saved as tab delimited files. Furthermore, this new edition features documentation in the form of a single file containing essential data file metadata, source details and notes of interest for particular files.

Main Topics:

The files in this dataset relate to the datafiles held in the Leicester database in the directory /armies/*.*. The interest of this data in the longer term is to build up a run of statistics for the period of the so-called military revolution'. This was a decisive factor in the increase of state expenditure on war and the creation of the so-calledfiscal military state'. It may also be possible to build up, in the longer term, calculations of a relative state efficiency (expenditure in terms of army size), relative state mobilization (army size in terms of overall population levels) and an index of state expenditure in real terms (via the cost of payment of armies).
File Information
g101arm1.* Sizes of armies of European states at various dates between 1660 and 1861

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

Military Expenditure in Russia increased to 109454.40 USD Million in 2023 from 102366.60 USD Million in 2022. Russia Military Expenditure - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Percentage representation of Employment Equity (EE) Designated Group Members (DGM) in the Canadian Armed Forces(CAF). Data is grouped by CAF component and Rank Category (Officer or Non-commissioned Member) as well as by Designated Environmental Percentage representation of Employment Equity (EE) Designated Group Members (DGM) in the Canadian Armed Forces(CAF). Data is grouped by CAF component and Rank Category (Officer or Non-commissioned Member) as well as by Designated Environmental Uniform (DEU). These DEUs are Sea (Royal Canadian Navy), Land (Canadian Army) and Air (Royal Canadian Air Force).

In 2024, 61 percent of survey respondents in the United States said they had either a great deal or quite a lot of confidence in the military. This is a slight increase from the previous year, when 640percent of respondents had confidence in the U.S. military. Additionally, this is an increase of six points from 1975 levels, when only 58 percent of Americans had confidence in the military.

This dataset provides values for MILITARY EXPENDITURE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset, provided by the Chief of Military Personnel (CMP) annual report, includes a list of highest completed education levels by Officer (excluding Officer Cadets) and Non-Commissioned Members, from 1997 to 2018. CMP is responsible for the overall personnel management of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). They oversee recruitment, training, education, pay, benefits, health services, honours, history, casualty support, career transition services and a host of other corporate and personnel support services.

The Departmental Results Framework (DRF) is the strategic view of Defence’s mandate, displaying its Core Responsibilities and key performance information. It represents the corporate framework used to demonstrate plans, achievements, expenditures and performance results. This helps Canadians and parliamentarians understand what we do, what we seek to achieve, and how we will determine if we have achieved it. This dataset presents DRF 6.1 entitled “Naval, Army, and Air Force Bases enable military operations and defence activities” and its indicator 6.1.1 entitled “ Percentage of single quarters accommodations that can be used”. This indicator shows the extent to which single quarters accommodations are available for use by members on Land Bases. The percentage represents the amount of single accommodations rooms available for use out of all the single accommodations.

This dataset outlines the count and percentage of various marital status types for Non-Commissioned Members from Regular Forces from 1997-2022, provided by the Chief of Military Personnel (CMP) annual report. CMP is responsible for the overall personnel management of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). They oversee recruitment, training, education, pay, benefits, health services, honours, history, casualty support, career transition services and a host of other corporate and personnel support services.

A nationwide cross section of 3,000 women and a control group of 1,000 men were interviewed for the 1985 Virginia Slims American Women's Poll. The sample of women and men interviewed in this study are representative samples of the female and male populations of the Continental United States, age 18 and over --exclusive of institutionalized segments of the population (Army camps, nursing homes, prisons, hospitals, etc.) Major topics covered: women's role in society; quality of life; marriage; working women; qualities of women that men like; children.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31097547. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

A nationwide cross section of women and a control group of men were interviewed for the Virginia Slims American Women's Poll. The sample of women and men interviewed in this study are representative samples of the female and male populations of the Continental United States, age 18 and over --exclusive of institutionalized segments of the population (Army camps, nursing homes, prisons, hospitals, etc.) Major topics covered: women's role in society; quality of life; marriage; working women; qualities of women that men like; children.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31097548. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

This dataset is the result of the health development army team leaders (HDATL) survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The health development army (HDA) volunteers are cadres of women within a community that support and extend the field-related activities of HEWs. HDAs are comprised of up to 30 households (HH) in the same neighborhood that meet in smaller groups of six members, commonly referred to as 1for5 networks. HDA team leaders, which oversee the 30 HHs, are selected by the members. The health development army team leaders (HDATL) questionnaire along with the other two frontline health worker questionnaires (HEW and ADA) was used to interview those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge, workload and training and supervision received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs.

Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Food Services provides cost efficient and effective food services that support military activities and that meet client expectations of quality, choice, value, nutrition, and service. This dataset is a report that describes the fixed daily cost of meals from basic food cost and labour cost per base location. Fixed daily cost of meals is a cost that remains unchanged despite changes in the volume of the kitchen activity, including the costs of management staff, base support staff and depreciation of capital equipment. They are normally determined locally for each Base on August 1 for each year.

V okviru sklopa vprašanj o demokraciji v Sloveniji se med drugim ugotavlja, kako prebivalci Slovenije gledajo na demokracijo. Ali ljudje sploh imajo Slovenijo za demokratično družbo? Mar demokracija v Sloveniji sploh deluje? Koliko zaupanja uživajo predsednik republike, parlament, vlada, politične stranke, sodstvo in vojska? Koliko ljudem demokracija sploh pomeni? Kakšno mnenje prevladuje o alternativah demokraciji, na primer vladavini močnega vodje ali vladavini strokovnjakov? Je demokracija po mnenju prebivalcev Slovenije res najboljša oblika vladanja za vse države na svetu? Pokazano je tudi, do kolikšnih sprememb je prišlo v primerjavi z lanskim letom. Med aktualnimi vprašanji se ugotavlja, kolikšen delež prebivalcev Slovenije verjame, da je Janša prejemal provizije od trgovine z orožjem. Predstavljeno je tudi, kaj ljudje menijo o objavljanju arhivskih dokumentov o delovanju nekdanje Službe državne varnosti, v kolikšni meri se jim zdi ravnanje SDS v zvezi s tem korektno, malomarno ali namerno manipulativno; in kako po objavah dokumentov gledajo na Türkove izjave, da je bil o velikovškem atentatu seznanjen le iz medijev. Prikazano je tudi, v kolikšni meri aktualni dogodki vplivajo na razmerja med strankami in podporo aktualni vladi. Questions about democracy in Slovenia among other things show how the Slovenian residents feel about democracy. Do people even see Slovenia as a democratic society? Does democracy in Slovenia even works? How much trust enjoy the president of the republic, parliament, government, political parties, judiciary and the army? How much does democracy mean to people? What kind of opinion prevails on alternatives to democracy, such as the rule of a strong leader or the rule of experts? Is democracy according to the Slovenes' opinion really the best form of government for all countries in the world? It is also shown to what changes have come compared to the last year. Among the current issues it was examined what proportion of the population of Slovenia believes that Janša received commissions from the arms trade. It was also presented what people think about the publication of archival documents on the functioning of the former State Security Service, the extent to which they feel SDS treatment in this regard was correct, negligent or intentional manipulative; how after the publication of documents they see Türks statements that he was aware of the assassination in Velikovc only from media. It is also shown the extent to which current events are affecting relationships among parties and current government support.

Of the total 127.2 million personnel mobilized during the Second World War, over two thirds of these were on the side of the Allied Powers. This means that there were over two Allied soldiers for every one Axis soldier. Additionally, the populations of the Allied powers were much greater than those of the Axis, and their ability to reinforce and replenish their numbers as the war progressed would be one of the main factors in the eventual Allied victory.