United States US: Prevalence of HIV: Total: % of Population Aged 15-49 data was reported at 0.500 % in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.500 % for 2013. United States US: Prevalence of HIV: Total: % of Population Aged 15-49 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.500 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2014, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.500 % in 2014 and a record low of 0.500 % in 2014. United States US: Prevalence of HIV: Total: % of Population Aged 15-49 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Health Statistics. Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; Weighted Average;

HIV/AIDS data from the HIV Surveillance Annual Report Data reported to the HIV Epidemiology Program by March 31, 2022. All data shown are for people ages 18 and older. Borough-wide and citywide totals may include cases assigned to a borough with an unknown UHF or assigned to NYC with an unknown borough, respectively. Therefore, UHF totals may not sum to borough totals and borough totals may not sum to citywide totals.""

Data Dictionary JANUARY, 2020 Gender Inequality & HIV/AIDS

Country The country the data corresponds to.The data is a subset of UNICEF’s ‘Key HIV epidemiology indicators for children and adolescents aged 10-19, 1990-2019.’This UNICEF data is sourced from UNAIDS 2020 estimates, which provide ‘modeled estimates using the best available epidemiological and programmatic data to track the HIV epidemic’. Modeled estimates are used because counting the true numbers would require regularly testing entire populations for HIV, and investigating all deaths, which is ‘logistically impossible and ethically problematic.’ For more information on the methodology behind these estimates, see the full UNAIDS 2020 report.

UNICEF Region The region the country belongs to - this dataset includes countries from Eastern & Southern Africa, and West & Central Africa.

Year The year the estimates corresponds to.

Sex Whether the estimates refer to men or women.

Age The age group that the estimates refer to - this dataset contains only estimates for adolescent women and men between the ages of 10-19.

Estimated incidence rate of new HIV infection per 1000 uninfected population The estimated number of new HIV infections, for every 1000 uninfected people in the relevant group. Note - some fields were displayed as ‘<0.01’ in the original data, however these have been rounded up to 0.01 in order to make the field numeric.

Estimated number of annual AIDS related deaths The estimated number of annual AIDS related deaths in the relevant group, to the nearest 100. Note - in the original data, values below 500 were split into the following groups; <500, <200, and <100. To make the field numeric, these have been rounded to 500, 200, and 100 respectively.

Estimated number of annual new HIV infections The estimated number of new annual HIV infections in the relevant group. Note - in the original data, values below 500 were split into the following groups; <500, <200, and <100. To make the field numeric, these have been rounded to 500, 200, and 100 respectively.

The estimated number of people living with HIV in the relevant group. Note - in the original data, values below 500 were split into the following groups; <500, <200, and <100. To make the field numeric, these have been rounded to 500, 200, and 100 respectively.

Estimated rate of annual AIDS related deaths per 100,000 population The estimated number of annual AIDS related deaths, for every 100,000 people in the relevant group. Note - some fields were displayed as ‘<0.01’ in the original data, however these have been rounded up to 0.01 in order to make the field numeric.

Data Source: UNICEF ‘Key HIV epidemiology indicators for children and adolescents aged 10-19, 1990-2019

Percentages of MSM newly diagnosed with HIV infection by age and race/ethnicity, 2016, Santa Clara County. Source: Santa Clara County Public Health Department, enhanced HIV/AIDS reporting system (eHARS), data as of 4/30/2017. METADATA:Notes (String): Lists table title, notes and sourcesCategory (String): Lists the category representing the data: Age group: 13-24, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50 and older; race/ethnicity:Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African American, Latino, White (non-Hispanic White only), Other/Unknown.Percentage (Numeric): Percentage of MSM diagnosed with HIV in a particular category among all MSM diagnoses

These data were reported to the NYC DOHMH by March 31, 2021

This dataset includes data on new diagnoses of HIV and AIDS in NYC for the calendar years 2016 through 2020. Reported cases and case rates (per 100,000 population) are stratified by United Hospital Fund (UHF) neighborhood, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Much of the information on national HIV prevalence in Tanzania derives from surveillance of HIV in special populations, such as women attending antenatal clinics and blood donors. For example, Mainland Tanzania currently maintains a network of 134 antenatal care (ANC) sites from which HIV prevalence estimates are generated. However, these surveillance data do not provide an estimate of the HIV prevalence among the general population. HIV prevalence is higher among individuals who are employed (6 percent) than among those who are not employed (3 percent) and is higher in urban areas than in rural areas (7percent and 4 percent, respectively). In Mainland Tanzania, HIV prevalence is markedly higher than in Zanzibar (5 percent versus 1 percent). Differentials by region are large. Among regions on the Mainland,Njombe has the highest prevalence estimate (15 percent), followed by Iringa and Mbeya (9 percent each);Manyara and Tanga have the lowest prevalence (2 percent). Among the five regions that comprise Zanzibar, all have HIV prevalence estimates at 1 percent or below. Consistent with the overall national estimate among men and women, HIV prevalence is higher among women than men in nearly all regions of Tanzania.

This study sought to construct and modify a culturally-based secondary prevention intervention targeted toward HIV-positive black young men who have sex with men. The feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were explored in Trial 1 and Trial 2; the potential efficacy of the intervention was assessed in Trial 2. Primary outcomes examined were health promotion behaviors (i.e., treatment adherence, sexual risk reduction, reduction in substance use behaviors, and HIV status disclosure). Psychosocial factors (i.e., self-esteem, critical consciousness, and socio-political awareness) were examined as secondary outcomes.

This data set contains EIIHA populations who received services funded by Ryan White Part A Grant. EIIHA is Early Identification of Individuals with HIV/AIDS (EIIHA) The special populations (EIIHA) with HIV are: Black MSM = Black men and Black transgender women who have sex with men. Latinx MSM = Latinx men and Latinx Transgender women who have sex with men. Black Women - Black women Transgender - Transgender men and women. These populations have the biggest disparities of people living with HIV. Other data is the number of clients and units used in each service category in the Ryan White Part A, a grant that provides services for those with HIV.

This dataset helps to investigate the Spatial Accessibility to HIV Testing, Treatment, and Prevention Services in Illinois and Chicago, USA. The main components are: population data, healthcare data, GTFS feeds, and road network data. The core components are: 1) GTFS which contains GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) data which is provided by Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) from Google's GTFS feeds. Documentation defines the format and structure of the files that comprise a GTFS dataset: https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/reference?csw=1. 2) HealthCare contains shapefiles describing HIV healthcare providers in Chicago and Illinois respectively. The services come from Locator.HIV.gov. 3) PopData contains population data for Chicago and Illinois respectively. Data come from The American Community Survey and AIDSVu. AIDSVu (https://map.aidsvu.org/map) provides data on PLWH in Chicago at the census tract level for the year 2017 and in the State of Illinois at the county level for the year 2016. The American Community Survey (ACS) provided the number of people aged 15 to 64 at the census tract level for the year 2017 and at the county level for the year 2016. The ACS provides annually updated information on demographic and socio economic characteristics of people and housing in the U.S. 4) RoadNetwork contains the road networks for Chicago and Illinois respectively from OpenStreetMap using the Python osmnx package. The abstract for our paper is: Accomplishing the goals outlined in “Ending the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Epidemic: A Plan for America Initiative” will require properly estimating and increasing access to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention services. In this research, a computational spatial method for estimating access was applied to measure distance to services from all points of a city or state while considering the size of the population in need for services as well as both driving and public transportation. Specifically, this study employed the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method to measure spatial accessibility to HIV testing, treatment (i.e., Ryan White HIV/AIDS program), and prevention (i.e., Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]) services. The method considered the spatial location of MSM (Men Who have Sex with Men), PLWH (People Living with HIV), and the general adult population 15-64 depending on what HIV services the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends for each group. The study delineated service- and population-specific accessibility maps, demonstrating the method’s utility by analyzing data corresponding to the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois. Findings indicated health disparities in the south and the northwest of Chicago and particular areas in Illinois, as well as unique health disparities for public transportation compared to driving. The methodology details and computer code are shared for use in research and public policy.

PrEP is the use of an antiretroviral medication by people who are uninfected to prevent the acquisition of HIV. The efficacy of PrEP has been shown in a number of randomised controlled trials including iPREX, Partners PrEP, PROUD and ANRS-IPERGAY. In 2015, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) recommended that European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries should consider integrating PrEP into their existing HIV prevention package for those most at risk of HIV infection, starting with men who have sex with men (MSM). This was followed by the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations that PrEP should be offered as an additional prevention option to all people at substantial risk of HIV infection as part of combination prevention approaches. As a result, several countries in the EU/EEA have either implemented PrEP or are considering options for implementation. Since the 1st of June 2017, PrEP is nationally available in Belgium and reimbursed for people who are at increased risk for HIV acquisition. Belgium is one of the countries in Europe reporting a high HIV incidence, with 8.1 new HIV infections per 100 000 inhabitants in 2019.The epidemic mainly affects two populations: men who have sex with men (MSM) and Sub-Saharan African migrants, most of whom have acquired HIV through unprotected heterosexual contacts. A recent study suggests that ongoing clustered transmission in Belgium is almost exclusively driven by MSM. As the national PrEP program is brought to scale, the need for a robust monitoring system emerges. An effective PrEP program is one in which people in greatest need of HIV prevention are appropriately identified, offered PrEP, and then continue to receive continued support to use PrEP as needed. Monitoring PrEP program implementation is therefore important to (1) track progress in uptake and coverage among the eligible population, (2) estimate impact on the HIV epidemic, and (3) inform the strategic planning of the program (e.g. cost, resources, supply of commodities).

Data set for Prevalence and correlates of lifetime and recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) who use mobile geo-social networking applications in Greater Tokyo.

Abstract

The 2005 Guyana HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey (GAIS) is the first household-based, comprehensive survey on HIV/AIDS to be carried out in Guyana. The 2005 GAIS was implemented by the Guyana Responsible Parenthood Association (GRPA) for the Ministry of Health (MoH). ORC Macro of Calverton, Maryland provided technical assistance to the project through its contract with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the MEASURE DHS program. Funding to cover technical assistance by ORC Macro and for local costs was provided in their entirety by USAID/Washington and USAID/Guyana.

The 2005 GAIS is a nationally representative sample survey of women and men age 15-49 initiated by MoH with the purpose of obtaining national baseline data for indicators on knowledge/awareness, attitudes, and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS. The survey data can be effectively used to calculate valuable indicators of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS), the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) Orphan and Vulnerable Children unit (OVC), and the World Health Organization (WHO), among others. The overall goal of the survey was to provide program managers and policymakers involved in HIV/AIDS programs with information needed to monitor and evaluate existing programs; and to effectively plan and implement future interventions, including resource mobilization and allocation, for combating the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guyana.

Other objectives of the 2005 GAIS include the support of dissemination and utilization of the results in planning, managing and improving family planning and health services in the country; and enhancing the survey capabilities of the institutions involved in order to facilitate the implementation of surveys of this type in the future.

The 2005 GAIS sampled over 3,000 households and completed interviews with 2,425 eligible women and 1,875 eligible men. In addition to the data on HIV/AIDS indicators, data on the characteristics of households and its members, malaria, infant and child mortality, tuberculosis, fertility, and family planning were also collected.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Individuals;
• Households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The primary objective of the 2005 GAIS is to provide estimates with acceptable precision for important population characteristics such as HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The population to be covered by the 2005 GAIS was defined as the universe of all women and men age 15-49 in Guyana.

The major domains to be distinguished in the tabulation of important characteristics for the eligible population are: • Guyana as a whole • The urban area and the rural area each as a separate major domain • Georgetown and the remainder urban areas.

Administratively, Guyana is divided into 10 major regions. For census purposes, each region is further subdivided in enumeration districts (EDs). Each ED is classified as either urban or rural. There is a list of EDs that contains the number of households and population for each ED from the 2002 census. The list of EDs is grouped by administrative units as townships. The available demarcated cartographic material for each ED from the last census makes an adequate sample frame for the 2005 GAIS.

The sampling design had two stages with enumeration districts (EDs) as the primary sampling units (PSUs) and households as the secondary sampling units (SSUs). The standard design for the GAIS called for the selection of 120 EDs. Twenty-five households were selected by systematic random sampling from a full list of households from each of the selected enumeration districts for a total of 3,000 households. All women and men 15-49 years of age in the sample households were eligible to be interviewed with the individual questionnaire.

The database for the recently completed 2002 Census was used as a sampling frame to select the sampling units. In the census frame, EDs are grouped by urban-rural location within the ten administrative regions and they are also ordered in each administrative unit in serpentine fashion. Therefore, this stratification and ordering will be also reflected in the 2005 GAIS sample.

Based on response rates from other surveys in Guyana, around 3,000 interviews of women and somewhat fewer of men expected to be completed in the 3,000 households selected.

Several allocation schemes were considered for the sample of clusters for each urban-rural domain. One option was to allocate clusters to urban and rural areas proportionally to the population in the area. According to the census, the urban population represents only 29 percent of the population of the country. In this case, around 35 clusters out of the 120 would have been allocated to the urban area. Options to obtain the best allocation by region were also examined. It should be emphasized that optimality is not guaranteed at the regional level but the power for analysis is increased in the urban area of Georgetown by departing from proportionality. Upon further analysis of the different options, the selection of an equal number of clusters in each major domain (60 urban and 60 rural) was recommended for the 2005 GAIS. As a result of the nonproportionalallocation of the number of EDs for the urban-rural and regional domains, the household sample for the 2005 GAIS is not a self-weighted sample.

The 2005 GAIS sample of households was selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design consisting of 120 clusters. The first stage-units (primary sampling units or PSUs) are the enumeration areas used for the 2002 Population and Housing Census. The number of EDs (clusters) in each domain area was calculated dividing its total allocated number of households by the sample take (25 households for selection per ED). In each major domain, clusters are selected systematically with probability proportional to size.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Guyana HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey 2005 - Final Report" pp.135-138.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Two types of questionnaires were used in the survey, namely: the Household Questionnaire and the Individual Questionnaire. The contents of these questionnaires were based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS program. In consultation with USAID/Guyana, MoH, GRPA, and other government agencies and local organizations, the model questionnaires were modified to reflect issues relevant to HIV/AIDS in Guyana. The questionnaires were finalized around mid-May.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected households. For each person listed, information was collected on sex, age, education, and relationship to the head of the household. An important purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview.

The Household Questionnaire also collected non-income proxy indicators about the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of water; type of toilet facilities; materials used for the floor, roof and walls of the house; and ownership of various durable goods and land. As part of the Malaria Module, questions were included on ownership and use of mosquito bednets.

The Individual Questionnaire was used to collect information from women and men age 15-49 years and covered the following topics: • Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, employment, etc.) • Reproductive history (number of births and—for women—a birth history, birth registration, current pregnancy, and current family planning use) • Marriage and sexual activity • Husband’s background • Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and exposure to specific HIV-related mass media programs • Attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS • Knowledge and experience with HIV testing • Knowledge and symptoms of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) • The malaria module and questions on tuberculosis

Cleaning operations

The processing of the GAIS questionnaires began in mid-July 2005, shortly after the beginning of fieldwork and during the first visit of the ORC Macro data processing specialist. Questionnaires for completed clusters (enumeration districts) were periodically submitted to GRPA offices in Georgetown, where they were edited by data processing personnel who had been trained specifically for this task. The concurrent processing of the data—standard for surveys participating in the DHS program—allowed GRPA to produce field-check tables to monitor response rates and other variables, and advise field teams of any problems that were detected during data entry. All data were entered twice, allowing 100 percent verification. Data processing, including data entry, data editing, and tabulations, was done using CSPro, a program developed by ORC Macro, the U.S. Bureau of Census, and SERPRO for processing surveys and censuses. The data entry and editing of the questionnaires was completed during a second visit by the ORC Macro specialist in mid-September. At this time, a clean data set was produced and basic tables with the basic HIV/AIDS indicators were run. The tables included in the current report were completed by the end of November 2005.

Response rate

• From a total of 3,055 households in the sample, 2,800 were occupied. Among these households, interviews were completed in 2,608, for a response rate of 93 percent. • A total of 2,776 eligible women were identified and

Certain subpopulations like female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWID) often have higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS and are difficult to map directly due to stigma, discrimination, and criminalization. Fine-scale mapping of those populations contributes to the progress toward reducing the inequalities and ending the AIDS epidemic. In 2016 and 2017, the PLACE surveys were conducted at 3290 venues in 20 out of the total 28 districts in Malawi to estimate the FSW sizes. These venues represent a presence-only dataset where, instead of knowing both where people live and do not live (presence–absence data), only information about visited locations is available. In this study, we develop a Bayesian model for presence-only data and utilize the PLACE data to estimate the FSW size and uncertainty interval at a1.5×1.5-km resolution for all of Malawi. The estimates can also be aggregated to any desirable level (city/district/region) for implementing targeted HIV prevention and treatment programs in FSW communities, which have been successful in lowering the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.

BackgroundConventional epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases is focused on characterization of incident infections and estimation of the number of prevalent infections. Advances in methods for the analysis of the population-level genetic variation of viruses can potentially provide information about donors, not just recipients, of infection. Genetic sequences from many viruses are increasingly abundant, especially HIV, which is routinely sequenced for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. We conducted a phylodynamic analysis of HIV genetic sequence data and surveillance data from a US population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and estimated incidence and transmission rates by stage of infection.Methods and FindingsWe analyzed 662 HIV-1 subtype B sequences collected between October 14, 2004, and February 24, 2012, from MSM in the Detroit metropolitan area, Michigan. These sequences were cross-referenced with a database of 30,200 patients diagnosed with HIV infection in the state of Michigan, which includes clinical information that is informative about the recency of infection at the time of diagnosis. These data were analyzed using recently developed population genetic methods that have enabled the estimation of transmission rates from the population-level genetic diversity of the virus. We found that genetic data are highly informative about HIV donors in ways that standard surveillance data are not. Genetic data are especially informative about the stage of infection of donors at the point of transmission. We estimate that 44.7% (95% CI, 42.2%–46.4%) of transmissions occur during the first year of infection.ConclusionsIn this study, almost half of transmissions occurred within the first year of HIV infection in MSM. Our conclusions may be sensitive to un-modeled intra-host evolutionary dynamics, un-modeled sexual risk behavior, and uncertainty in the stage of infected hosts at the time of sampling. The intensity of transmission during early infection may have significance for public health interventions based on early treatment of newly diagnosed individuals.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

BackgroundThe reasons for black/white disparities in HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men have puzzled researchers for decades. Understanding reasons for these disparities requires looking beyond individual-level behavioral risk to a more comprehensive framework.Methods and FindingsFrom July 2010-Decemeber 2012, 803 men (454 black, 349 white) were recruited through venue-based and online sampling; consenting men were provided HIV and STI testing, completed a behavioral survey and a sex partner inventory, and provided place of residence for geocoding. HIV prevalence was higher among black (43%) versus white (13% MSM (prevalence ratio (PR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5–4.4). Among HIV-positive men, the median CD4 count was significantly lower for black (490 cells/µL) than white (577 cells/µL) MSM; there was no difference in the HIV RNA viral load by race. Black men were younger, more likely to be bisexual and unemployed, had less educational attainment, and reported fewer male sex partners, fewer unprotected anal sex partners, and less non-injection drug use. Black MSM were significantly more likely than white MSM to have rectal chlamydia and gonorrhea, were more likely to have racially concordant partnerships, more likely to have casual (one-time) partners, and less likely to discuss serostatus with partners. The census tracts where black MSM lived had higher rates of poverty and unemployment, and lower median income. They also had lower proportions of male-male households, lower male to female sex ratios, and lower HIV diagnosis rates.ConclusionsAmong black and white MSM in Atlanta, disparities in HIV and STI prevalence by race are comparable to those observed nationally. We identified differences between black and white MSM at the individual, dyadic/sexual network, and community levels. The reasons for black/white disparities in HIV prevalence in Atlanta are complex, and will likely require a multilevel framework to understand comprehensively.

BackgroundTreatment of hepatitis C virus infections (HCV) with direct acting antivirals (DAA) can prevent new infections since cured individuals cannot transmit HCV. However, as DAAs are expensive, many countries defer treatment to advances stages of fibrosis, which results in ongoing transmission. We assessed the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of treatment initiation in different stages of infection in the Netherlands where the epidemic is mainly concentrated among HIV-infected MSMs.MethodsWe calibrated a deterministic mathematical model to the Dutch HCV epidemic among HIV-infected MSM to compare three different DAA treatment scenarios: 1) immediate treatment, 2) treatment delayed to chronic infection allowing spontaneous clearance to occur, 3) treatment delayed until F2 fibrosis stage. All scenarios are simulated from 2015 onwards. Total costs, quality adjusted life years (QALY), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and epidemiological impact were calculated from a providers perspective over a lifetime horizon. We used a DAA price of €35,000 and 3% discounting rates for cost and QALYs.ResultsImmediate DAA treatment lowers the incidence from 1.2/100 person-years to 0.2/100 person-years (interquartile range 0.1–0.2) and the prevalence from 5.0/100 person-years to 0.5/100 person-years (0.4–0.6) after 20 years. Delayed treatment awaiting spontaneous clearance will result in a similar reduction. However, further delayed treatment to F2 will increases the incidence and prevalence. Earlier treatment will cost society €68.3 and €75.1 million over a lifetime for immediate and awaiting until the chronic stage, respectively. The cost will increase if treatment is further delayed until F2 to €98.4 million. Immediate treatment will prevent 7070 new infections and gains 3419 (3019–3854) QALYs compared to F2 treatment resulting in a cost saving ICER. Treatment in the chronic stage is however dominated.ConclusionsEarly DAA treatment for HIV-infected MSM is an excellent and sustainable tool to meet the WHO goal of eliminating HCV in 2030.

Objectives: To review and analyze original studies on HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam. Design: Systematic literature review. Comprehensive identification of material was conducted by systematic electronic searches of selected databases. Inclusion criteria included studies conducted from 2002 onwards, following a systematic review concluding in 2001 conducted by Colby, Nghia Huu, and Doussantousse. Data analysis was undertaken through the application of both the Cochrane Collaboration and ePPI Centre approaches to the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies. Setting: Vietnam. Results: Sixteen studies, undertaken during 2005-2011, were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that HIV prevalence among MSM in Vietnam has increased significantly (from 9.4 in 2006 to 20% in 2010 in Hanoi, for instance) and that protective behaviours, such as condom use and HIV testing and counselling, continue at inadequately low levels. Conclusions: Increasing HIV prevalence and the lack of effective protective behaviours such as consistent condom use during anal sex among MSM in Vietnam indicate a potential for a more severe HIV epidemic in the future unless targeted and segmented comprehensive HIV prevention strategies for MSM in Vietnam are designed and programs implemented.

IntroductionThe HIV epidemic in men who have sex with men (MSM) continues to grow in most countries. However, the phylodynamic and virological differences among HIV-1 strains circulating in MSM and other populations are not well characterized.MethodsNearly full-length genomes (NFLGs) of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE were obtained from the Los Alamos HIV database. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the NFLG, gag, pol and env genes, using the maximum likelihood method. Selection pressure analyses at the codon level were performed for each gene in the phylogenetic clusters using PAML.ResultsSequences isolated from MSM in China clustered in Clusters 1 (92.5%) and 2 (85.71%). The major risk factor for Cluster 3 was heterosexual transmission (62.16%). The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions in the env gene (0.7–0.75) was higher than the gag (0.26–0.34) or pol (0.21–0.26) genes. In env gene, Cluster 1 (4.56×10-3subs/site/year) and 2 (6.01×10-3subs/site/year) had higher evolutionary rates than Cluster 3 (1.14×10-3subs/site/year). Positive selection affected 4.2–6.58% of the amino acid sites in the env gene. Two sites (HXB2:136 and 316) evolved similarly in Clusters 1 and 2, but not Cluster 3.ConclusionThe HIV-1 CRF01_AE in MSM is evolving differently than in other populations.

Forecast: Incidence of HIV Among People Aged 50+ in the US 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

The dataset “Impact of HIV strategies for MSM” contains data obtained from an agent-based model. The model follows the sexual life of 20,000 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands. Via sexual contacts, men may get infected with HIV or N. Gonorrhoeae (NG). The model simulates sexual behaviour, demography, and the course of HIV or NG infection (for those who have been infected). The data from the model are therefore data of “fictitious” (simulated) individuals, not of real individuals. The course of HIV infection was modelled using data from the national database of HIV-positive individuals in the Netherlands (Source: Stichting HIV Monitoring). Parameters relating to sexual behaviour were obtained from data from the Amsterdam Cohort Study and the Network Study among MSM in Amsterdam. The model was calibrated to data on annual HIV diagnoses in 2008-2014 (from Stichting HIV Monitoring) and gonorrhoea positivity in 2009-2014 (data obtained from the National Database of STI Clinics in the Netherlands (SOAP)). Model outcomes include the annual numbers of MSM getting infected with HIV; HIV-positive MSM getting diagnosed, entering care, or starting treatment; MSM developing AIDS; MSM getting infected with NG; MSM treated for gonorrhoea; HIV tests, NG tests, etc. With the model, we calculated these numbers for the years 2018-2027, for the situation with the current testing rates and without PrEP. Subsequently we calculated these numbers with increased HIV/STI testing: a small, a moderate, and a high increase in testing among all MSM or only among MSM in specific subgroups of MSM. Finally, the calculations were repeated accounting for a nationwide PrEP programme for MSM at high risk to acquire HIV.