SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES VETERAN STATUS - DP02 Universe - Civilian population 18 Year and over Survey-Program - American Community Survey 5-year estimates Years - 2020, 2021, 2022 Veteran status is used to identify people with active duty military service and service in the military Reserves and the National Guard. Veterans are men and women who have served (even for a short time), but are not currently serving, on active duty in the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or the Coast Guard, or who served in the U.S. Merchant Marine during World War II. People who served in the National Guard or Reserves are classified as veterans only if they were ever called or ordered to active duty, not counting the 4-6 months for initial training or yearly summer camps.

Original provider: HDR Environmental, Operations and Construction, Inc.

Dataset credits: The U.S. Navy Marine Species Monitoring Program

Abstract: In order to support the U.S. Navy in meeting regulatory requirements for monitoring established under the Final Rules and to provide a mechanism to assist with coordination of program objectives under the ICMP, this survey was conducted to confirm the Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) acoustic detections and marine mammal satellite tagging was prior to a training event, the Submarine Commander’s Course exercise, which would be conducted in the same area during February 2012.
The survey occurred from 11 to 19 January 2012 in the waters west of Kaua'i in the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) instrumented range within the HRC. This cruise was designed as a non-random, non-systematic survey designed to optimize encounter rates for the purpose of visual validation of acoustic detections and satellite tagging of species for which population size, habitat use, and movement pattern data are lacking and which may be exposed to U.S. Navy training.

Purpose: not provided

Supplemental information: [2017-10-13] Data fields are changed so that they follow other Navy datasets.

Overview

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a global ocean marine meteorological and surface ocean dataset. It is formed by merging many national and international data sources that contain measurements and visual observations from ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine and near-surface ocean platforms. Each marine report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems.

Content

The ICOADS dataset contains global marine data from ships (merchant, navy, research) and buoys, each capturing details according to the current weather or ocean conditions (wave height, sea temperature, wind speed, and so on). Each record contains the exact location of the observation which is great for visualizations. The historical depth of the data is quite comprehensive — There are records going back to 1662!

Querying BigQuery tables

You can use the BigQuery Python client library to query tables in this dataset in Kernels. Note that methods available in Kernels are limited to querying data. Tables are at bigquery-public-data.github_repos.[TABLENAME]. Fork this kernel to get started to learn how to safely manage analyzing large BigQuery datasets.

Acknowledgements

Dataset Source: NOAA Category: Meteorological, Climate, Transportation

Citation: National Centers for Environmental Information/NESDIS/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce, Research Data Archive/Computational and Information Systems Laboratory/National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Earth System Research Laboratory/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences/University of Colorado, National Oceanography Centre/Natural Environment Research Council/United Kingdom, Met Office/Ministry of Defence/United Kingdom, Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Meteorological Service)/Germany, Department of Atmospheric Science/University of Washington, and Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies/Florida State University. 2016, updated monthly. International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3, Individual Observations. Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory: https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3. Accessed 01 04 2017.

Use: This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Photo by Gleb Kozenko on Unsplash

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Census Bureau includes landmarks such as military installations in the MTDB for locating special features and to help enumerators during field operations. In 2012, the Census Bureau obtained the inventory and boundaries of most military installations from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for Air Force, Army, Marine, and Navy installations and from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for Coast Guard installations. The military installation boundaries in this release represent the updates the Census Bureau made in 2012 in collaboration with DoD.

Original provider: Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research

Dataset credits: Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research

Abstract: The United States (US) Navy uses the Southern California (SOCAL) portion of the Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing area, a collection of nearshore and offshore training areas that include much of the navigable water from Santa Barbara Island, California, to northern Baja California, Mexico, and extending several hundred miles to the west. It is among one of the most heavily used tactical training areas in the world, and is used for a variety of aerial, surface, and subsurface exercises. The Southern California Offshore Range (SCORE) is a subset of complexes within SOCAL centered on San Clemente Island and managed via the Range Operation Center (ROC) on North Island, Coronado. It includes the Southern California Anti-submarine Warfare Range (SOAR), a focal area for exercises involving mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS) systems within the San Nicolas Basin.

Through its N45 Living Marine Resources (LMR) research programs, and more recently in support of Pacific Fleet Monitoring efforts, the US Navy has funded directed studies on cetacean occurrence on SOAR since 2006. The primary focus of these studies is to support long-term surveys of Cuvier’s beaked whales and fin whales using photo-identification (photo-ID) and genetics to elucidate population size, structure, and trends, which can in turn provide a particularly robust basis for assessing population-level impacts of Navy training. Data is collected on all species encountered in this region as part of the monitoring program.

Purpose: Data from this project is collected to better understand the movement and habitat use of cetaceans within and around the Southern California Bight (SCB). The SCB is home to a diverse group of cetacean species, and is an area of significant human impacts, including commercial shipping, Navy training, and recreational boating.

Supplemental information: These surveys were funded by Fleet for Southern California.

Original provider: Duke University Marine Laboratory

Dataset credits: Duke University Marine Laboratory

Abstract: The United States (US) Navy proposed constructing an Undersea Warfare Training Range (USWTR) along the US Atlantic coast. One of the proposed sites within the Cherry Point (CHPT) OPAREA is an area of 1,713 km2 in Onslow Bay, 87 km from the coast of North Carolina. We established a monitoring program designed to estimate density and document distribution and seasonal residency of marine mammals and sea turtles in the proposed USWTR. We established ten 40 nm long transect lines, spaced approximately 5 nm apart. These ten transect lines were surveyed by both shipboard (Duke University Marine Lab) and aerial platforms (conducted by University of North Carolina Wilmington). The survey area incorporates a variety of habitats from shallow waters of the shelf to the continental slope; the Gulf Stream meanders through the eastern portion of the survey area, flowing towards the northeast. The surveys began in June 2007 and have transitioned into ongoing photo-ID and biopsy sampling surveys.

Purpose: The primary objectives of these surveys are to: (1) document species occurrence, estimate densities, and examine patterns of residency of marine mammals and turtles in the defined study area, (2) conduct seabird counts concurrent with the visual surveys, and (3) supplement the visual surveys with acoustic monitoring using a towed hydrophone array. The towed array will facilitate compilation of an acoustic library of species-specific recordings. This is a collaborative project with University of North Carolina Wilmington and the Research Unit for Wildlife Population Assessment, Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

Supplemental information: 4-21-2011: This dataset has been updated to include 2008-2010 sightings. Records that did not include time were filled with 00:00:00 and noted in the [Notes] field. Effort data associated with the additional sightings are forthcoming. 3-19-2013: Additional survey data for the Onslow Bay USWTR site are available on OBIS-SEAMAP in the "DUML vessel-based photo-id and biopsy surveys in Onslow Bay CHPT OPAREA 2011-2013" dataset. All the US Navy-funded survey datasets are found in the OBIS-SEAMAP US Navy page.

Original provider: HDR Environmental, Operations and Construction, Inc.

Dataset credits: The U.S. Navy Marine Species Monitoring Program

Abstract: A combination of visual line-transect survey, photo- identification (photo-ID), and automated acoustic monitoring methods was used to gather important baseline information on the occurrence, distribution, and density of marine mammals near Naval Station Norfolk (NSN) and adjacent areas. The study area was designed to cover areas where United States Navy activity is substantial, including Chesapeake Bay waters near NSN and Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Fort Story, as well as a Mine Exercise (MINEX) Area (W-50) in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Sixty-one line- transect surveys were completed in two zones (INSHORE and MINEX) between August 2012 and August 2015, with 6,550 kilometers (km) and 349.6 hours completed on-effort. The majority of sightings were of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), although humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were also sighted in the study area on occasion. In addition, loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), and a Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) were sighted during surveys. Conventional line-transect analysis of bottlenose dolphin sightings showed both spatial and seasonal variation in density and abundance, with greatest density in the INSHORE zone during fall months. Densities in the INSHORE zone were calculated as 3.88 individuals per square kilometer (km2) (abundance[N]=1,203) in fall, 0.63 individuals per km2 (N=195) in winter, 1.00 individuals per km2 (N=311) in spring, and 3.55 individuals per km2 (N=1,101) in summer. Densities in the MINEX zone were calculated as 2.14 individuals per km2 (N=1,277) in fall, 0.06 individuals per km2 (N=37) in winter, 1.53 individuals per km2 (N=913) in spring, and 1.39 individuals per km2 (N=829) in summer. Twenty-seven photo- ID surveys were completed, and a photo-ID catalog was created using photos taken during both dedicated photo-ID and line-transect surveys through May 2014; it contains 878 identified individuals to date. Subsequent photos will continue to be added and analyzed. One hundred ten individuals were re-sighted; however, most re-sightings were less than 4 months and 30 km apart. Additional survey effort and further analysis will be required before any clear movement patterns can be determined. C-POD acoustic data-loggers were initially deployed at four sites throughout the study area to cover areas of high United States Navy activity. Bottlenose dolphins were detected in each deployment location during all deployments from August 2012 to December 2015. Though deployments did not provide consistent coverage in all seasons for all sites due to loss of gear, results from two deployment sites nearest to NSN showed a greater level of occurrence during fall months, and a diel pattern of occurrence with increased detections during nighttime hours for three deployment sites.

Whale data were collected using visual observations and other instruments in the Arctic Ocean from aircraft. Data were collected from 02 August 1979 to 18 October 1982 by the US Navy; Naval Ocean Systems Command as part of the MMS Studies program. Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Marine Mammal Sighting and Census (F127) format. The F127 format is used for data from field observations of marine animals. Data may be reported either for individual, random sightings or for sightings made as part of systematic ship or aircraft surveys along specified tracks. These data provide information on animal population densities and distributions, activities, migratory routes and breeding locales. Cruise or survey information, start and end positions, start and end times, and platform speed, direction, and altitude are reported for each observation or series of observations. Position, date and time are reported for each sighting location, along with a code indicating presence or absence of animals and, if present, their distance to the observer, shoreline, and ice edge and heading direction. For each sighting location, animal sighting data are reported by species for all observed species. Species identification, total number of individuals, and counts by age group (adults, subadults, juveniles, unknown) may be reported in summary for all animals sighted or by subgroups distinguished by sex, behavior, markings, or other characteristics. A text record is available for comments.

Original provider: Duke University Marine Laboratory

Dataset credits: Duke University Marine Laboratory

Abstract: The United States (US) Navy proposed constructing an Undersea Warfare Training Range (USWTR) along the US Atlantic coast. In 2008, the US Navy chose the area off of Jacksonville, FL (JAX OPAREA) to be the preferred site of the USWTR. The JAX USWTR site and, like that in Onslow Bay, is 25 nm (46 km) long and 20 nm (37 km) wide (approximately 1700 km2). The survey area straddles the continental shelf and Blake Plateau and includes neritic, shelf waters and pelagic, offshore waters. As part of the Navy's Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing (AFTT) Monitoring Program, shipboard and aerial line transect surveys were implemented in 2009 to estimate density and document distribution and seasonal residency of marine mammals and sea turtles in the proposed USWTR (see "DUML vessel-based surveys for proposed JAX USWTR site 2009-2010" dataset). In January 2012, shipboard line-transect survey methods transitioned to biopsy and photo-identification sampling to address questions of residency and population structure in the area. Vessel survey effort was expended along the 200 m depth contour and occasionally around eddies and fronts generated by the Gulf Stream. We are focusing on residency and population structure with our shipboard surveys because we are: (1) obtaining adequate data with which to estimate density from aerial line transect sampling; (2) interested in addressing questions of residency in this area. Sightings within this dataset are from shipboard photo-ID and biopsy surveys conducted from 2012-2015.

Purpose: The primary objectives of these surveys are to: (1) document species occurrence and examine patterns of residency of marine mammals and turtles in the defined study area (2) determine relatedness among individuals, populations and species within the study area (3) supplement the visual surveys with acoustic monitoring using a High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package (HARP).

Supplemental information: [2020-09-30] The following invalid species names were corrected according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Turtles: Testudines (173749) => Testudines (948936)

[2016-04-14] Sightings from Jul to Dec 2015 were appended. The following columns were added (these columns are blank for the sightings before Jul 2015): end_time, end_lat, end_long, behav_state, totminest, totmaxest, mincalves, maxcalves, minyoy, maxyoy, totposid, totnoid, totfinbest, calfposid, calfnoid, calfinbest, yoyposid, comments, photo_notes, sighting_notes, observations, photo_grades, acoustics of which totposid, totnoid, totfinbest, calfposid, calfnoid, calfinbest, yoyposid, comments, sighting_notes, observations, photo_grades are blank for the newly added sightings.

[2015-05-13] The 2014-2015 data were appended. [2014-03-21] The 2013-14 data were appended. The following attributes were added since May 2013: SIGHTNO, BEAUSCALE, DEPTH, WATERTEMP, BESTCALVES, BESTYOY, PHOTOS [2013-03-19] Additional survey data for the JAX USWTR site are available on OBIS-SEAMAP in the "DUML vessel-based surveys for proposed JAX USWTR site 2009-2010" dataset.

Original provider: Andrew DiMatteo, US Navy

Dataset credits: Kevin Foss, Christopher Newport University; U.S. Department of the Navy

Abstract: The Elizabeth River is bounded almost totally by industrial, urban, suburban, commercial shipping and military facilities. Tidal in nature, the river has low flow, resulting in heavy contamination loads. The population studied is the Northern Migratory Stock of the US Atlantic coast, appearing in this area from May through November. Standard small boat, focal group follow, passive observation techniques were used, along with photography of individuals. Data on location, group size estimates, activities observed and relevant environmental observations were recorded every five minutes. The dolphins appear as individuals or pairs in April and May, with group size increasing in June to a peak mean of 29 animals sighted per encounter. Group size then decreases in October and November. Probability of encountering dolphins ranges from 0% during the winter and early spring to over 80% in July, tapering off towards fall. Activity patterns show greatest diversity in July and August, with travel constituting the main activity early and late. Despite a peak of births in the area in May-June, there is little mating until July, with the incidence of sexual activity peaking in September.

Purpose: To better understand the seasonality and behavior of bottlenose dolphins in the lower Chesapeake Bay.

Data were originally collected by Mr. Kevin Foss at Christopher Newport University during field seasons from 2000-2006. Data were subsequently acquired by the U.S. Navy in 2013.

Supplemental information: [2015-03-24] A few records had a wrong animal count of zero. The value is replaced with a blank representing species presence only.

These data are the result of small boat transects with focal group follows, so that sightings were recorded at regular intervals. Therefore, there may be sightings of the same individuals at different times.

Records that originally estimated a range for the number of adults were attributed with the median number to be conservative.

Three records on land were excluded.

Exogenous mutagens can increase the mutation rate and genomic instability. One such mutagen is ionizing radiation, a byproduct of nuclear fission technologies. For all the discussion about nuclear technology over the last seven decades, little has been done to assess the effects of radiation on wild populations. The lack of publicly available knowledge is particularly stark in the Marshall Islands, where the U.S. Navy tested nuclear weapons from 1946-1958. We measured somatic mutation rates and patterns in coral colonies living at Enewetak and Bikini Atolls, two former nuclear testing sites, as well as two non-irradiated sites, Palau and American Samoa. On average, the somatic mutation rate was not higher for corals living in Enewetak and Bikini than those living in American Samoa and Palau. Two colonies, one from Bikini and one from Enewetak, showed 4-10 times high somatic mutation rates, but not higher single nucleotide variant rates. Structural variants like indels and balanced inversions tend to be signatures of ionizing radiation. There was no relationship between the number of genetic differences in two samples from a coral and the physical distance between those two samples, indicating that colony size is not a reliable proxy for the accumulation of somatic mutations. The Enewetak coral population was less genetically diverse than the other three, perhaps due to a bottleneck or founder effect as a result of widespread coral mortality in the 1940s-50s. A broader survey of more corals is needed to determine the frequency of individuals with very high somatic mutation rates.

Original provider: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)

Dataset credits: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)

Abstract: The Hawaiian Islands Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Survey (HICEAS) of 2017 was a large-scale ship survey for cetaceans and seabirds within U.S. waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. HICEAS 2017 was the third of its kind using many of the same methods and encompassing the same study area as surveys which occurred in 2002 (Barlow et al. 2006) and 2010 (Bradford et al. 2017). The 2017 survey represented the first Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Survey conducted as part of the Pacific Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (PacMAPPS), a partnership between NOAA Fisheries, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), U.S. Navy, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. PacMAPPS includes rotational ship surveys in regions of joint interest throughout the Pacific designed to estimate the abundance of cetaceans and seabirds and to assess the ecosystems supporting these species.

HICEAS 2017 was a collaborative survey between the Pacific Islands and Southwest Fisheries Science Centers (PIFSC and SWFSC). The survey took place from 6 July to 1 December 2017, aboard the NOAA Ships Oscar Elton Sette and Reuben Lasker, spanning 7 survey “legs” and 179 days-at-sea across both ships.

Purpose: The primary goals of HICEAS 2017 were to collect data required to estimate the abundance and distribution, examine the population structure, and understand the habitat of cetaceans within U.S. waters around the Hawaiian Islands. There were 5 major research components to HICEAS 2017: ● visual observations for cetaceans following a line-transect survey design; ● passive acoustic monitoring for cetaceans using towed hydrophone arrays, sonobuoys, and autonomous drifting acoustic recorders; ● collection of photographs and tissue samples and deployment of satellite tags for select cetacean groups; ● visual observations for seabirds following a strip-transect survey design; and ● ecosystem measurements for assessment of cetacean and seabird habitat.

Supplemental information: Data from survey legs aboard Oscar Elton Sette (Cruise ID: 1706) and Reuben Lasker (Cruise ID: 1705) were merged. Survey tracks include on-effort segments only.

Attributes for fields within the trackline files: Cruise - see description in attribute table below segnum - segment number for continuous on-effort line Date - Local date m/dd/yyyy TimeStart - Local time at start of on-effort segment LatStart - Latitude in decimal degrees at starting point of on-effort segment LongStart - Longitude in decimal degrees at starting point of on-effort segment TimeEnd - Local time at end of on-effort segment LatEnd - Latitude in decimal degrees at end point of on-effort segment LongEnd - Longitude in decimal degrees at end point of on-effort segment Mode - see description in attribute table below EffType - see description in attribute table below avgSpdKt - average speed (knots) of the ship over the on-effort segment traveled avgBft - average Beaufort Sea State over the on-effort segment