This study was designed to address the practical and policy implications of various drug market participation patterns. In 1995, the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) collaborated on a project called the Procurement Study. This study was executed as an addendum to NIJ's Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program (DRUG USE FORECASTING IN 24 CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1987-1997 [ICPSR 9477]) with the goal of extending previous research in which heroin users were interviewed on various aspects of drug market activity. The present study sought to explore additional features of drug market participation and use, both within and across drug types and cities, and included two additional drugs -- powder cocaine and crack cocaine. Data were collected from recently arrested users of powder cocaine, crack cocaine, and heroin in six DUF cities (Chicago, New York, Portland, San Diego, San Antonio, and Washington, DC). Each of the three files in this collection, Crack Data (Part 1), Heroin Data (Part 2), and Powder Cocaine Data (Part 3), is comprised of data from a procurement interview, urine test variables, and a DUF interview. During the procurement interview, information was collected on purchase and use patterns for specific drugs. Variables from the procurement interview include the respondent's method of using the drug, the term used to refer to the drug, whether the respondent bought the drug in the neighborhood, the number of different dealers the respondent bought the drug from, how the respondent made the connection with the dealer (i.e., street, house, phone, beeper, business/store, or friends), their main drug source, whether the respondent went to someone else if the source was not available, how the respondent coped with not being able to find drugs to buy, whether the respondent got the drug for free, the means by which the respondent obtained money, the quantity and packaging of the drug, and the number of minutes spent searching for, traveling to, and waiting for their last purchase. Urine tests screened for the presence of ten drugs, including marijuana, opiates, cocaine, PCP, methadone, benzodiazepines (Valium), methaqualone, propoxyphene (Darvon), barbiturates, and amphetamines (positive test results for amphetamines were confirmed by gas chromatography). Data from the DUF interview provide detailed information about each arrestee's self-reported use of 15 drugs. For each drug type, arrestees were asked whether they had ever used the drug, the age at which they first used the drug, whether they had used the drug within the past three days, how many days they had used the drug within the past month, whether they had ever needed or felt dependent on the drug, and whether they were dependent on the drug at the time of the interview. Data from the DUF interview instrument also included alcohol/drug treatment history, information about whether arrestees had ever injected drugs, and whether they were influenced by drugs when the crime that they were charged with was committed. The data also include information about whether the arrestee had been to an emergency room for drug-related incidents and whether he or she had had prior arrests in the past 12 months. Demographic data include the age, race, sex, educational attainment, marital status, employment status, and living circumstances of each respondent.

Päihdetutkimus 2014 tutkii suomalaisen aikuisväestön päihteiden käyttöä, niitä koskevia asenteita ja huumepoliittisia mielipiteitä. Aluksi tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin vastaajien tupakointia kysymällä tupakoinnin säännöllisyydestä sekä nuuskan ja sähkösavukkeiden käytöstä. Seuraavaksi kysyttiin alkoholin käytön yleisyyttä sekä mm. tavallista annosmäärää alkoholikäyttökerralta. Tutkimuksessa tiedusteltiin huumeisiin liittyviä asenteita kysymällä erilaisia väitekysymyksiä eriasteisesta päihdekäytöstä (esim. Kuinka suuri riski aiheutuu, jos ihmiset polttavat kannabista säännöllisesti?). Edelleen tiedusteltiin vastaajien asenteita tekojen rangaistavuuteen. Lisäksi selvitettiin vastaajien kiinnostusta käyttää erilaisia huumeita siinä tapauksessa, että ne olisivat laillisia. Kyselyssä selvitettiin myös ihmisten kokemuksia huumeiden näkyvyydestä Suomessa. Vastaajilta kysyttiin mm. tuntevatko he huumeidenkäyttäjiä ja onko heille tarjottu huumeita. Edelleen oltiin kiinnostuneita kuinka helposti vastaajien mielestä erilaisia huumausaineita olisi hankkia. Lisäksi tiedusteltiin mitä, minkä ikäisenä ja kuinka usein vastaajat olivat käyttäneet erilaisia huumausaineita. Tutkimuksessa oltiin kiinnostuneita myös huumeiden käytöstä aiheutuneista ongelmista. Tutkimuksessa kysyttiin myös lääkkeistä ja niiden väärinkäytöstä. Lisäksi selvitettiin mm. liuottimien käyttöä ja eri päihteiden sekakäyttöä. Dopingaineiden käytöstä oli oma osionsa. Kyselyssä tiedusteltiin yleisiä mielipiteitä huumelainsäädännöstä ja vastaajien kokemasta huumeiden uhasta yhteiskunnassa. Lopuksi tiedusteltiin vastaajien terveydentilasta, liikunnan harrastamisesta ja kokemista terveysongelmista. Taustamuuttujina oli mm. sukupuoli, ikä, paikkakuntatyyppi, perhetyyppi, koulutus ja työmarkkina-asema. The 2014 Alcohol and Drug Survey studied the substance use of Finnish adult population as well as attitudes and opinions on drugs and drug policies. The respondents were first asked about smoking and snus use. Alcohol use was charted by asking the respondents how often they drank and how much they tended to drink. The survey also carried a set of attitudinal statements about the health risks of different substances. The respondents were also asked if certain actions, such as polydrug use or growing cannabis plants, should be punishable by law. Regarding cannabis, the respondents were asked whether it should be legal to buy cannabis, and if it were legal, where it should be sold. The respondents' cannabis use was charted by asking them if they had used cannabis in the previous 12 months, and whether their cannabis use was recreational or medical. Ways of obtaining and using cannabis were investigated. The respondents were also asked if they knew people who grew cannabis or if they had grown cannabis themselves. The respondents were asked which illegal drugs they would try if using them was not illegal, and whether they personally knew people who used illegal drugs. They were also asked if someone had offered them illegal drugs, and how easily they thought they could obtain drugs within 24 hours. Concerning the respondents' own drug use, they were asked if they had ever used any of the various drugs listed, such as cocaine or LSD. The respondents recent drug use was charted by asking which illegal drugs they had used during last 12 months and the last 30 days. Furthermore, the respondents were asked if drug use had ever caused difficulties in different areas of their life. One set of questions surveyed which legal drugs, if any, the respondents had used for non-medical purposes. Reasons for non-medical use of legal drugs were investigated. The respondents were also asked where they had obtained the drugs. Use of nitrous oxide and glues was examined. Polydrug use was investigated by asking the respondents which combinations of drugs they had used and what their reasons for using them were. Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports (doping) was surveyed. Opinions on drug use were probed with several statements, such as "Use of marijuana and hashish should be legal". The respondents were also asked if they feared that other people's drug use could cause them physical harm, and whether they considered drugs or alcohol to be the bigger social problem in Finland. The respondents' health was charted by asking them if they had been prescribed different medicines, such as anti-depressants or opiates. The respondents were also asked if they attributed any health problems to their alcohol or drug use. Finally, the respondents were asked how often they engaged in physical activities. The background variables included the respondent's gender, age, type of municipality, marital status, household composition, education, and economic activity and occupational status.