This data table provides a collection of information from peer-reviewed autism prevalence studies. Information reported from each study includes the autism prevalence estimate and additional study characteristics (e.g., case ascertainment and criteria). A PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published at any time through September 2020 using the search terms: autism (title/abstract) OR autistic (title/abstract) AND prevalence (title/abstract). Data were abstracted and included if the study fulfilled the following criteria: • The study was published in English; • The study produced at least one autism prevalence estimate; and • The study was population-based (any age range) within a defined geographic area.

Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Input data can be obtained from Applications from owners of the data (Children's Hospital and Ohio Department of Health). The tabulated output data is found in the manuscript. Format: Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript (e.g., results of regression models, measures of central tendency, population characteristics, etc.). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kaufman, J., M. Wright, G. Rice, N. Connolly, K. Bowers, and J. Anixt. AMBIENT OZONE AND FINE PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURES AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN METROPOLITAN CINCINNATI, OHIO. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 171: 218-227, (2019).

Background: Whilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain function and brain development in many respects it is not known if its increasing availability is associated with the rising US autism rates, whether this contribution is sufficient to effect overall trends and if its effects persist after controlling for other major covariates.

Methods: Longitudinal epidemiological study using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991-2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis conducted in R.

Results: 266,950 autistic of a population of 40,119,464 eight year olds 1994-2011. At the national level after adjustment daily cannabis use was significantly related (β-estimate=4.37 (95%C.I. 4.06-4.68), P<2.2x10-16) as was cannabis exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy (β-estimate=0.12 (0.08-0.16), P=1.7x10-12). At the state level following adjustment cannabis use was significant (from β-estimate=8.41 (3.08-13.74), P=0.002); after adjustment for varying cannabis exposure by ethnicity and other covariates (from β-estimate=10.88 (5.97-15.79), P=1.4x10-5). Cannabigerol (from β-estimate=-13.77 (-19.41—8.13), P = 1.8x10-6) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (from β-estimate=1.96 (0.88-3.04), P=4x10-4) were also significant. Geospatial state-level modelling showed an exponential relationship between ASMR and both Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure; effect size calculations reflected this exponentiation. Exponential coefficients for the relationship between modelled ASMR and THC- and cannabigerol- exposure were 7.053 (6.39-7.71) and 185.334 (167.88-202.79; both P<2.0x10-7).

In inverse probability-weighted robust generalized linear models ethnic cannabis exposure (from β-estimate=3.64 (2.94-4.34), P=5.9x10-13) and cannabis independently (β-estimate=1.08 (0.63-1.54), P=2.9x10-5) were significant. High eValues in geospatial models indicated that uncontrolled confounding did not explain these findings. Therefore the demonstrated relationship satified the criteria of causal inference. Dichotomized legal status was geospatiotemporally linked with elevated ASMR.

Conclusions: Data show cannabis use is associated with ASMR, is powerful enough to affect overall trends, and persists after controlling for other major drug, socioeconomic, and ethnic-related covariates. Selected cannabinoids are exponentially associated with ASMR. The cannabis-autism relationship satisfies criteria of causal inference.

IntroductionAutistic people may have different educational needs that need to be met to allow them to develop their full potential. Education and disability policies remain within the competence of EU Member States, with current educational standards and provisions for autistic people implemented locally. This scoping review aims to map EU and national special education policies with the goal of scoping the level of fulfilment of the right to education of autistic people.MethodsFour EU countries (United Kingdom, France, Poland and Spain) were included in this scoping review study. Governmental policies in the field of education, special education needs and disability law were included. Path dependency framework was used for data analysis; a net of inter-dependencies between international, EU and national policies was created.Results and discussionEach country created policies where the right to free education without discrimination is provided. Poland does not have an autism specific strategy, whereas the United Kingdom, France and Spain have policies specifically designed for autistic individuals. Within the United Kingdom, all countries created different autism plans, nevertheless all aim to reach the same goal—inclusive education for autistic children that leads to the development of their full potential.ConclusionPolicy-making across Europe in the field of education has been changing through the years in favour of autistic people. Today their rights are noticed and considered, but there is still room for improvement. Results showed that approaches and policies vastly differ between countries, more Member States should be analysed in a similar manner to gain a broader and clearer view with a special focus on disability rights in Central and Eastern Europe.

The cerebellum, which forms widespread functional networks with many areas in the cerebral cortices and subcortical structures, is one of the brain regions most consistently reported to exhibit neuropathological features in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) studies in patients with ASD have been very sparse. Using resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis, we investigated the FC of the hemispheric/vermal subregions and the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with the cerebral regions in 36 children and adolescents [16 participants with ASD, 20 typically developing (TD) participants, age: 6–15 years]. Furthermore, an independent larger sample population (42 participants with ASD, 88 TD participants, age: 6–15 years), extracted from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) II, was included for replication. The ASD group showed significantly increased or decreased FC between “hubs” in the cerebellum and cerebral cortices, when compared with the TD group. Findings of aberrant FCs converged on the posterior hemisphere, right dentate nucleus, and posterior inferior vermis of the cerebellum. Furthermore, these aberrant FCs were found to be related to motor, executive, and socio-communicative functions in children and adolescents with ASD when we examined correlations between FC and behavioral measurements. Results from the original dataset were partially replicated in the independent larger sample population. Our findings suggest that aberrant cerebellar–cerebral FC is associated with motor, socio-communicative, and executive functions in children and adolescents with ASD. These observations improve the current knowledge regarding the neural substrates that underlie the symptoms of ASD.

Net-Receivables Time Series for Roper Technologies, Inc.. Roper Technologies, Inc. designs and develops vertical software and technology enabled products in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Application Software, Network Software, and Technology Enabled Products. The Application Software segment offers comprehensive management, diagnostic and laboratory information management, enterprise software and information solutions, K-12 school administration, transportation management, financial and compliance management, cloud-based and integrated payment processing, campus technology and payment, and cloud-based financial analytics and performance management software; cloud-based software for the property and casualty insurance industry; and foodservice technologies. The Network Software segment provides cloud-based data, collaboration, and estimating automation software; electronic marketplace; visual effects and 3D content software; cloud-based software for the life insurance and financial services industries; supply chain software; health care services and software; data analytics and information; and pharmacy software solutions. The Technology Enabled Products segment offers r ultrasound procedures accessories; dispensers and metering pumps; wireless sensor network and solutions; automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment; water meters; optical and electromagnetic precision measurement systems; RFID card and credential readers; and medical devices. The company also provides autism and IDD care software, a software and services platform that helps therapists who serve children and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The company distributes and sells its products through direct sales offices, manufacturers' representatives, resellers, and distributors. The company was formerly known as Roper Industries, Inc. and changed its name to Roper Technologies, Inc. in April 2015. The company was incorporated in 1981 and is based in Sar

Many neurodivergent (ND) young people will have negative experiences in childhood; autistic people are more likely to experience adverse childhood experiences (Hoover & Kaufman, 2018), such as bullying (Novin et al., 2019), and this has also been shown in those with ADHD (Schilpzand et al., 2018). It has been suggested that societal factors, such as stigma and discrimination (Han et al., 2022; Turnock et al., 2022), likely contribute to this risk. Different sensory and cognitive profiles may also contribute to vulnerability to negative experiences and trauma responses. ND people experience more mental health problems than their neurotypical peers; this has been shown for autistic (Kerns et al., 2020), ADHD (Brook et al., 2013) and dyslexic (Georgiou et al., 2024) young people. Recent work with autistic adults and children has shown that, after experiencing a trauma, severity of PTSD symptoms is higher than for non-autistic people (Quinton et al., 2024). Our unpublished findings in a longitudinal dataset of 1,506 young people show that autistic traits in childhood are associated with elevated likelihood of PTSD diagnosis at age 18 years (https://osf.io/uf9t7/). Trauma-related mental health remains under-researched in autistic young people and those with other forms of neurodivergence. Data from OxWell 2023 allows exploration of the trauma experiences of adolescents who self-identify as ND, compared to those who do not. Taking both dimensional and categorical approaches, this study aims to: 1. Assess if the adolescents who self-identify as ND are more likely to have had certain negative experiences than their neurotypical (NT). 2. Explore if gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status and year group are associated with negative experiences differently in ND versus NT young people. 3. In adolescents who have had negative experiences, compare the mental health of those who self-identify as ND vs those who do not. 4. Explore the relationship between negative experiences and mental health and assess if ND status has a moderating effect on these relationships. Although we cannot infer causal links between trauma experiences and mental health in the present cross-sectional data, understanding more about neurodivergent adolescents’ experience of trauma and mental health at a descriptive level still has important implications. References: Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., Zhang, C., Seltzer, N., & Finch, S. J. (2013). Adolescent ADHD and Adult Physical and Mental Health, Work Performance, and Financial Stress. Pediatrics, 131(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1725 Georgiou, G. K., Parrila, R., & McArthur, G. (2024). Dyslexia and mental health problems: Introduction to the special issue. Annals of Dyslexia, 74(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-024-00300-3 Han, E., Scior, K., Avramides, K., & Crane, L. (2022). A systematic review on autistic people’s experiences of stigma and coping strategies. Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 15(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2652 Hoover, D. W., & Kaufman, J. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences in children with autism spectrum disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 31(2), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000390 Kerns, C. M., Rast, J. E., & Shattuck, P. T. (2020). Prevalence and Correlates of Caregiver-Reported Mental Health Conditions in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United States. J Clin Psychiatry, 82(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.20m13242 Novin, S., Broekhof, E., & Rieffe, C. (2019). Bidirectional relationships between bullying, victimization and emotion experience in boys with and without autism. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 23(3), 796–800. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318787446 Quinton, A.M.G., Ali, D., Danese, A. et al. (2024). The Assessment and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Autistic People: A Systematic Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-024-00430-9. Schilpzand, E. J., Sciberras, E., Alisic, E., Efron, D., Hazell, P., Jongeling, B., Anderson, V., & Nicholson, J. M. (2018). Trauma exposure in children with and without ADHD: Prevalence and functional impairment in a community-based study of 6–8-year-old Australian children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(6), 811–819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1067-y Turnock, A., Langley, K., & Jones, C. R. G. (2022). Understanding Stigma in Autism: A Narrative Review and Theoretical Model. Autism in Adulthood: Challenges and Management, 4(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2021.0005

Research-and-Development Time Series for Roper Technologies, Inc.. Roper Technologies, Inc. designs and develops vertical software and technology enabled products in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Application Software, Network Software, and Technology Enabled Products. The Application Software segment offers comprehensive management, diagnostic and laboratory information management, enterprise software and information solutions, K-12 school administration, transportation management, financial and compliance management, cloud-based and integrated payment processing, campus technology and payment, and cloud-based financial analytics and performance management software; cloud-based software for the property and casualty insurance industry; and foodservice technologies. The Network Software segment provides cloud-based data, collaboration, and estimating automation software; electronic marketplace; visual effects and 3D content software; cloud-based software for the life insurance and financial services industries; supply chain software; health care services and software; data analytics and information; and pharmacy software solutions. The Technology Enabled Products segment offers r ultrasound procedures accessories; dispensers and metering pumps; wireless sensor network and solutions; automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment; water meters; optical and electromagnetic precision measurement systems; RFID card and credential readers; and medical devices. The company also provides autism and IDD care software, a software and services platform that helps therapists who serve children and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The company distributes and sells its products through direct sales offices, manufacturers' representatives, resellers, and distributors. The company was formerly known as Roper Industries, Inc. and changed its name to Roper Technologies, Inc. in April 2015. The company was incorporated in 1981 and is based in Sar

There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting a significant comorbidity between psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). Recently, research on psychosis-proneness in otherwise healthy individuals has been a promising way to better understand the mechanisms underlying psychosis. As both ADHD and ASD symptoms show a normal distribution in the general population, such trait comorbidity may confound studies on psychosis-proneness. Thus, understanding the extent to which psychosis-proneness relates to ADHD and ASD symptoms in healthy subjects is crucial for studies focusing on at-risk or psychosis-prone populations. In the present paper we tested the robustness of overlap between psychosis-proneness and ADHD/ASD symptoms, by studying correlations between the scores of three commonly-used questionnaires assessing delusion-proneness (Peters’ Delusion Inventory), ADHD tendencies (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) and ASD tendencies (Autism Quotient), on a large sample of healthy individuals (n = 925) using raw scores, prototypical questions and a factor analysis. The results showed consistently positive correlations between psychosis-proneness and ADHD-, as well as ASD-symptoms. While the effect was weak for ASD, it was moderate for ADHD. The findings support the idea that when investigating psychosis-proneness it is crucial to also take ADHD- and ASD-tendencies into account, in order to conclude that the reported results in a given study are specific to psychosis-proneness. The observed trait correlations also suggest a common pathway in the underlying information processing of these states.

Assistance dogs' roles have diversified to support people with various disabilities, especially in the U.S. Data presented here are from the U.S. and Canada non-profit facilities (including both accredited and candidate members that fulfilled partial requirements: all here termed “accredited”) of Assistance Dogs International (ADI) and the International Guide Dog Federation (IGDF), and from non-accredited U.S. assistance dog training facilities, on the numbers and types of dogs they placed in 2013 and 2014 with persons who have disabilities. ADI categories of assistance dogs are for guide, hearing, and service (including for assistance with mobility, autism, psychiatric, diabetes, seizure disabilities). Accredited facilities in 28 states and 3 provinces responded; accredited non-responding facilities were in 22 states and 1 province (some in states/provinces with responding accredited facilities). Non-accredited facilities in 16 states responded. U.S./Canada responding accredited facilities (55 of 96: 57%) placed 2,374 dogs; non-accredited U.S. facilities (22 of 133: 16.5%) placed 797 dogs. Accredited facilities placed similar numbers of dogs for guiding (n = 918) or mobility (n = 943), but many more facilities placed mobility service dogs than guide dogs. Autism service dogs were third most for accredited (n = 205 placements) and U.S. non-accredited (n = 72) facilities. Psychiatric service dogs were fourth most common in accredited placements (n = 119) and accounted for most placements (n = 526) in non-accredited facilities. Other accredited placements were for: hearing (n = 109); diabetic alert (n = 69), and seizure response (n = 11). Responding non-accredited facilities placed 17 hearing dogs, 30 diabetic alert dogs, and 18 seizure response dogs. Non-accredited facilities placed many dogs for psychiatric assistance, often for veterans, but ADI accreditation is required for veterans to have financial reimbursement. Twenty states and several provinces had no responding facilities; 17 of these states had no accredited facilities. In regions lacking facilities, some people with disabilities may find it inconvenient living far from any supportive facility, even if travel costs are provided. Despite accelerated U.S./Canada placements, access to well-trained assistance dogs continues to be limited and inconvenient for many people with disabilities, and the numerous sources of expensive, poorly trained dogs add confusion for potential handlers.

Purpose: We aim to determine the prevalence and characteristics of developmental disabilities among the clinical population of children who receive hearing health care in the United States.Method: Using electronic health records of 131,709 children (0–18 years), we identified those with a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, vision differences, cerebral palsy, chromosomal abnormalities, delayed milestones, Down syndrome, or intellectual disability. We determined prevalence, age of first audiology encounter, age of diagnosis for the developmental disability, and hearing status based on the specific disability and the number of diagnoses. Binomial and multinomial logistic regressions were performed.Results: One in four children had a diagnosed developmental disability. The most common disabilities were delayed milestones (11.3%), vision differences (7.4%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (6.6%), and autism spectrum disorder (6.2%). Half of the children with developmental disabilities had at least one diagnosis before their first audiology encounter. Children with developmental disabilities were more likely to have a reduced hearing or an unknown hearing status than children without developmental diagnoses. For children with reduced hearing, those with developmental disabilities had higher rates of bilateral configurations and poorer hearing severity levels.Conclusions: Developmental disabilities are common among children who seek hearing health care. Moreover, developmental disabilities often co-occur with reduced hearing. Further research and advocacy efforts are critical for creating clinical practices that are inclusive of, and equitable for, children with complex and diverse developmental profiles.Supplemental Material S1. ICD-9/10 umbrella mappings for the specific developmental disabilities used in the study.Supplemental Material S2. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S3. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S4. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of cerebral palsy was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S5. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of a chromosomal abnormality was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S6. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of delayed milestones was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S7. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of Down syndrome was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S8. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of an intellectual disability was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Supplemental Material S9. Binomial logistic regression results for if a diagnosis of a vision difference was known at the time of the first audiology encounter.Bonino, A. Y., Goodwich, S. F., & Mood, D. (2025). Prevalence and characteristics of developmental disabilities among children who receive hearing health care. American Journal of Audiology, 34(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00118

Cash-and-Short-Term-Investments Time Series for Roper Technologies, Inc.. Roper Technologies, Inc. designs and develops vertical software and technology enabled products in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Application Software, Network Software, and Technology Enabled Products. The Application Software segment offers comprehensive management, diagnostic and laboratory information management, enterprise software and information solutions, K-12 school administration, transportation management, financial and compliance management, cloud-based and integrated payment processing, campus technology and payment, and cloud-based financial analytics and performance management software; cloud-based software for the property and casualty insurance industry; and foodservice technologies. The Network Software segment provides cloud-based data, collaboration, and estimating automation software; electronic marketplace; visual effects and 3D content software; cloud-based software for the life insurance and financial services industries; supply chain software; health care services and software; data analytics and information; and pharmacy software solutions. The Technology Enabled Products segment offers r ultrasound procedures accessories; dispensers and metering pumps; wireless sensor network and solutions; automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment; water meters; optical and electromagnetic precision measurement systems; RFID card and credential readers; and medical devices. The company also provides autism and IDD care software, a software and services platform that helps therapists who serve children and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The company distributes and sells its products through direct sales offices, manufacturers' representatives, resellers, and distributors. The company was formerly known as Roper Industries, Inc. and changed its name to Roper Technologies, Inc. in April 2015. The company was incorporated in 1981 and is based in Sar

Days-of-Sales-Outstanding Time Series for Roper Technologies, Inc.. Roper Technologies, Inc. designs and develops vertical software and technology enabled products in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Application Software, Network Software, and Technology Enabled Products. The Application Software segment offers comprehensive management, diagnostic and laboratory information management, enterprise software and information solutions, K-12 school administration, transportation management, financial and compliance management, cloud-based and integrated payment processing, campus technology and payment, and cloud-based financial analytics and performance management software; cloud-based software for the property and casualty insurance industry; and foodservice technologies. The Network Software segment provides cloud-based data, collaboration, and estimating automation software; electronic marketplace; visual effects and 3D content software; cloud-based software for the life insurance and financial services industries; supply chain software; health care services and software; data analytics and information; and pharmacy software solutions. The Technology Enabled Products segment offers r ultrasound procedures accessories; dispensers and metering pumps; wireless sensor network and solutions; automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment; water meters; optical and electromagnetic precision measurement systems; RFID card and credential readers; and medical devices. The company also provides autism and IDD care software, a software and services platform that helps therapists who serve children and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The company distributes and sells its products through direct sales offices, manufacturers' representatives, resellers, and distributors. The company was formerly known as Roper Industries, Inc. and changed its name to Roper Technologies, Inc. in April 2015. The company was incorporated in 1981 and is based in Sar

Property-Plant-and-Equipment-Gross Time Series for Roper Technologies, Inc.. Roper Technologies, Inc. designs and develops vertical software and technology enabled products in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Application Software, Network Software, and Technology Enabled Products. The Application Software segment offers comprehensive management, diagnostic and laboratory information management, enterprise software and information solutions, K-12 school administration, transportation management, financial and compliance management, cloud-based and integrated payment processing, campus technology and payment, and cloud-based financial analytics and performance management software; cloud-based software for the property and casualty insurance industry; and foodservice technologies. The Network Software segment provides cloud-based data, collaboration, and estimating automation software; electronic marketplace; visual effects and 3D content software; cloud-based software for the life insurance and financial services industries; supply chain software; health care services and software; data analytics and information; and pharmacy software solutions. The Technology Enabled Products segment offers r ultrasound procedures accessories; dispensers and metering pumps; wireless sensor network and solutions; automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment; water meters; optical and electromagnetic precision measurement systems; RFID card and credential readers; and medical devices. The company also provides autism and IDD care software, a software and services platform that helps therapists who serve children and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The company distributes and sells its products through direct sales offices, manufacturers' representatives, resellers, and distributors. The company was formerly known as Roper Industries, Inc. and changed its name to Roper Technologies, Inc. in April 2015. The company was incorporated in 1981 and is based in Sar

Capital-Lease-Obligations Time Series for Roper Technologies, Inc.. Roper Technologies, Inc. designs and develops vertical software and technology enabled products in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Application Software, Network Software, and Technology Enabled Products. The Application Software segment offers comprehensive management, diagnostic and laboratory information management, enterprise software and information solutions, K-12 school administration, transportation management, financial and compliance management, cloud-based and integrated payment processing, campus technology and payment, and cloud-based financial analytics and performance management software; cloud-based software for the property and casualty insurance industry; and foodservice technologies. The Network Software segment provides cloud-based data, collaboration, and estimating automation software; electronic marketplace; visual effects and 3D content software; cloud-based software for the life insurance and financial services industries; supply chain software; health care services and software; data analytics and information; and pharmacy software solutions. The Technology Enabled Products segment offers r ultrasound procedures accessories; dispensers and metering pumps; wireless sensor network and solutions; automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment; water meters; optical and electromagnetic precision measurement systems; RFID card and credential readers; and medical devices. The company also provides autism and IDD care software, a software and services platform that helps therapists who serve children and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The company distributes and sells its products through direct sales offices, manufacturers' representatives, resellers, and distributors. The company was formerly known as Roper Industries, Inc. and changed its name to Roper Technologies, Inc. in April 2015. The company was incorporated in 1981 and is based in Sar