This dataset provides information for people aged 3 or older who say they can speak Welsh, by Welsh local authority.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in Wales by their ability to speak Welsh by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands.

Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh speaking ability (3 categories)

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh

• read Welsh

• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Age (86 categories)

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in Wales by their ability to write Welsh. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh writing ability (3 categories)

This classifies a person as being able to “Write Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• speak Welsh
• read Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 3 years and over in Wales by Welsh language skills, by sex, and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh language skills

Whether a person has Welsh language skills. If they do, can they do any of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• speak Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh
• no skills in Welsh

The census questionnaire only asked this question to people in Wales.

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Sex

This is the sex recorded by the person completing the census. The options were “Female” and “Male”.

Age

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 3 years and over in households in Wales who can speak Welsh, by Welsh language skills and by household size. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh-speakers in household

Number of people (aged 3 years and over) who can speak Welsh in households in Wales.

Household size

The number of people in the household.

Visitors staying at an address do not count to that household’s size.

Focus on Wales paints a picture of the people of Wales. It includes information on their characteristics, sense of national identity, ethnic diversity and Welsh language skills, as well as looking at the Welsh-born living elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Source agency: Office for National Statistics Designation: National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Focus on Wales: Its people

Context:

Welsh is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages. It is spoken natively in Wales, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). Historically, it has also been known in English as ‘Cambrian’, ‘Cambric’ and ‘Cymric’. The current number of Welsh speakers in Wales is over 562,000.

Content:

Eurfa is the largest Welsh dictionary under a free license, and it was the first dictionary of a Celtic language to list verbal inflections and mutated forms. It also includes in-context citations for most words from a number of corpora:

Bilingual (Welsh-English, Welsh-Spanish):

• The 18m-word Kynulliad3 corpus (K3). This contains formal written Welsh (the majority of it translated from English).
• The 450k-word Siarad corpus (S). These transcribed conversations contain "Welsh as she is spoke", including English codeswitches. For readability, the version here (download) removes much of the transcription marking.
• The 200k-word Patagonia corpus (P). These transcribed conversations contain spoken Welsh from Patagonia. This has fewer codeswitches, and many of them are in Spanish rather than English. For readability, the version here (download) removes much of the transcription marking.
• The 200k-word Korrect/Kywiro corpus (Ko). This contains Welsh translations of English text in free/open software programs.

Monolingual (Welsh only)

• A 220k-word subset of the 300k-word CIG1 child (18-30 months) language acquisition corpus (Kig1), containing non-child utterances only. The version here removes much of the transcription marking.
• A 100k-word subset of the 560k-word CIG2 child (3-7 years) language acquisition corpus (Kig2), containing non-child utterances only. The version here removes much of the transcription marking.

Acknowledgements:

This dictionary was created by Kevin Donnelly and is redistributed here under the GNU General Public License. For more information, see the attached LICENSE file.

You may also like:

• 4 million word corpus of contemporary Welsh

The census is undertaken by the Office for National Statistics every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales. The most recent census took place in March of 2021.The census asks every household questions about the people who live there and the type of home they live in. In doing so, it helps to build a detailed snapshot of society. Information from the census helps the government and local authorities to plan and fund local services, such as education, doctors' surgeries and roads.Key census statistics for Leicester are published on the open data platform to make information accessible to local services, voluntary and community groups, and residents. There is also a dashboard published showcasing various datasets from the census allowing users to view data for all MSOAs and compare this with Leicester overall statistics.Further information about the census and full datasets can be found on the ONS website - https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/aboutcensus/censusproductsProficiency in EnglishThis dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.Definition: How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.This dataset provides details for the MSOAs of Leicester city.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in Wales aged 3 years and over in Wales by ability to speak Welsh, by national identity, and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

The increase since the 2011 Census in people identifying as “British” and fall in people identifying as “English” may partly reflect true changes in self-perception. It is also likely to reflect that “British” replaced “English” as the first response option listed on the questionnaire in England. Read more about this quality notice.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

National identity

Someone’s national identity is a self-determined assessment of their own identity, it could be the country or countries where they feel they belong or think of as home. It is not dependent on ethnic group or citizenship.

Respondents could select more than one national identity.

Age (B)

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age. Age is categorised as follows:

• Aged 15 years and under
• Aged 16 to 49 years
• Aged 50 years and over

The census is undertaken by the Office for National Statistics every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales. The most recent census took place in March of 2021.The census asks every household questions about the people who live there and the type of home they live in. In doing so, it helps to build a detailed snapshot of society. Information from the census helps the government and local authorities to plan and fund local services, such as education, doctors' surgeries and roads.Key census statistics for Leicester are published on the open data platform to make information accessible to local services, voluntary and community groups, and residents. There is also a dashboard published showcasing various datasets from the census allowing users to view data for all wards and compare this with Leicester overall statistics.Further information about the census and full datasets can be found on the ONS website - https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/aboutcensus/censusproductsProficiency in EnglishThis dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.Definition: How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.This dataset provides details for the electoral wards of Leicester city.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in employment the week before the census in Wales by ability to speak Welsh and by occupation. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

As Census 2021 was during a unique period of rapid change, take care when using this data for planning purposes. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Occupation (current)

Classifies what people aged 16 years and over do as their main job. Their job title or details of activities they do in their job and any supervisory or management responsibilities form this classification. This information is used to code responses to an occupation using the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2020.

It classifies people who were in employment between 15 March and 21 March 2021, by the SOC code that represents their current occupation.

The lowest level of detail available is the four-digit SOC code which includes all codes in three, two and one digit SOC code levels.

Office for National Statistics' national and subnational Census 2021. Proficiency in EnglishThis dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021. Proficiency in English language definition: How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.Comparability with 2011: Highly comparable This data is issued at (BGC) Generalised (20m) boundary type for:Country - England and WalesRegion - EnglandUTLA - England and WalesLTLA - England and WalesWard - England and WalesMSOA - England and WalesLSOA - England and WalesOA - England and WalesIf you require the data at full resolution boundaries, or if you are interested in the range of statistical data that Esri UK make available in ArcGIS Online please enquire at content@esriuk.com.The data services available from this page are derived from the National Data Service. The NDS delivers thousands of open national statistical indicators for the UK as data-as-a-service. Data are sourced from major providers such as the Office for National Statistics, Public Health England and Police UK and made available for your area at standard geographies such as counties, districts and wards and census output areas. This premium service can be consumed as online web services or on-premise for use throughout the ArcGIS system.Read more about the NDS.

Dataset population: Persons aged 3 and over

Ability to speak Welsh

A person is classified as being able to read Welsh if they tick 'Read Welsh', though they may also tick one or more of the following:

• Understand spoken Welsh
• Speak Welsh
• Write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Applicable to Wales only.

Age

Age is derived from the date of birth question and is a person's age at their last birthday, at 27 March 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. Infants less than one year old are classified as 0 years of age.

National identity

A person's national identity is a self-determined assessment of their own identity with respect to the country or countries with which they feel an affiliation. This assessment of identity is not dependent on legal nationality or ethnic group.

The national identity question included six tick box responses:

• English
• Welsh
• Scottish
• Northern Irish
• British
• Other

Where a person ticked 'Other' they were asked to write in the name of the country. People were asked to tick all options that they felt applied to them. This means that in results relating to national identity people may be classified with a single national identity or a combination of identities.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in employment the week before the census in Wales by ability to speak Welsh by industry. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021. Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Industry (current)

Classifies people aged 16 years and over who were in employment between 15 March and 21 March 2021 by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code that represents their current industry or business.

The SIC code is assigned based on the information provided about a firm or organisation’s main activity.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 3 years and over in Wales by general health, by ability to speak Welsh, and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

General health

A person's assessment of the general state of their health from very good to very bad. This assessment is not based on a person's health over any specified period of time.

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Age (B)

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age. Age is categorised as followed:

• Aged 15 years and under
• Aged 16 to 49 years
• Aged 50 years and over

Dataset population: Households with residents aged 3 and over who can speak Welsh

Household size

The size of a household is equal to the number of usual residents in the household. Visitors staying at an address do not contribute to that household's size because they are counted in the household of their place of usual residence.

Number of people who can speak Welsh

Number of people in household aged 3 and over who can speak Welsh.

Applicable to Wales only.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usually resident dependent children aged 3 years and over in families in Wales by family type, by the parents' ability to speak Welsh, by age, and by the ability to speak Welsh. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Family type and Welsh-speaking adults

Classifies the type of family (married or civil partnership, cohabiting or lone parent) and categorises them by whether any adults in that family can speak Welsh. This classification only includes families in Wales.

"Not applicable" applies to families in England.

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Dependent child age

Counts dependent children and gives an age classification.

"Not applicable" applies to non-dependent children and adults.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify Household Reference Persons aged 3 years and over in Wales by Welsh language skills and by tenure. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

There is evidence of people incorrectly identifying their type of landlord as ”Council or local authority” or “Housing association”. You should add these two categories together when analysing data that uses this variable. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh language skills

Whether a person has Welsh language skills. If they do, can they do any of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• speak Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh
• no skills in Welsh

The census questionnaire only asked this question to people in Wales.

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Tenure of household

Whether a household owns or rents the accommodation that it occupies.

Owner-occupied accommodation can be:

• owned outright, which is where the household owns all of the accommodation
• with a mortgage or loan
• part-owned on a shared ownership scheme

Rented accommodation can be:

• private rented, for example, rented through a private landlord or letting agent
• social rented through a local council or housing association

This information is not available for household spaces with no usual residents.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in Wales aged 3 years and over in Wales by disability, by ability to speak Welsh, and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Disability - Equality act disabled

People who assessed their day-to-day activities as limited by long-term physical or mental health conditions or illnesses are considered disabled. This definition of a disabled person meets the harmonised standard for measuring disability and is in line with the Equality Act (2010).

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

Age (B)

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age. Age is categorised as follows:

• Aged 15 years and under
• Aged 16 to 49 years
• Aged 50 years and over

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in Wales by ability to speak Welsh and by NS-SEC. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

As Census 2021 was during a unique period of rapid change, take care when using this data for planning purposes. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SeC)

The National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC) indicates a person's socio-economic position based on their occupation and other job characteristics.

It is an Office for National Statistics standard classification. NS-SEC categories are assigned based on a person's occupation, whether employed, self-employed, or supervising other employees.

Full-time students are recorded in the "full-time students" category regardless of whether they are economically active.