This dataset was obtained through web scraping from Worldometer, a website that provides real-time global statistics. The data was collected in September 2025.

Column Description

• Population: The total number of inhabitants of a country in a given year.
• Yearly Change (%): The percentage growth in population per year compared to the previous year.
• Net Change: The difference in the number of inhabitants added each year (in numbers, not percentages).
• Density (P/Km²): Population density, calculated as the number of people per square kilometer (people per km²).
• Land Area (Km²): The land area of a country in square kilometers (excluding water areas).
• Migrants (net): Net migration figures (immigrants minus emigrants). Positive → more people entering, Negative → more people leaving.
• Fertility Rate: The average number of children born to a woman throughout her lifetime.
• Median Age: The middle age of the population (half are younger than this number, half are older).
• Urban Population (%): The percentage of the population living in urban areas.
• World Share (%): The percentage of a country's population compared to the total world population.

Debates about migration are often in the news. People quote numbers about how many people are entering and leaving different countries. Governments need to plan and manage public resources based on how their own populations are changing.

Informed discussions and effective policymaking rely on good migration data. But how much do we really know about migration, and where do estimates come from?

In this article, I look at how countries and international agencies define different forms of migration, how they estimate the number of people moving in and out of countries, and how accurate these estimates are.

Migrants without legal status make up a small portion of the overall immigrant population. Most high-income countries and some middle-income ones have a solid understanding of how many immigrants live there. Tracking the exact flows of people moving in and out is trickier, but governments can reliably monitor long-term trends to understand the bigger picture.

Who is considered an international migrant? In the United Nations statistics, an international migrant is defined as “a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for at least a year, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence”.1

For example, an Argentinian person who spends nine months studying in the United States wouldn’t count as a long-term immigrant in the US. But an Argentinian person who moves to the US for two years would. Even if someone gains citizenship in their new country, they are still considered an immigrant in migration statistics.

The same applies in reverse for emigrants: someone leaving their home country for more than a year is considered a long-term emigrant for the country they’ve left. This does not change if they acquire citizenship in another country. Some national governments may have definitions that differ from the UN recommendations.

What about illegal migration? “Illegal migration” refers to the movement of people outside the legal rules for entering or leaving a country. There isn’t a single agreed-upon definition, but it generally involves people who breach immigration laws. Some refer to this as irregular or unauthorized migration.

There are three types of migrants who don’t have a legal immigration status. First, those who cross borders without the right legal permissions. Second, those who enter a country legally but stay after their visa or permission expires. Third, some migrants have legal permission to stay but work in violation of employment restrictions — for example, students who work more hours than their visa allows.

Tracking illegal migration is difficult. In regions with free movement, like the European Union, it’s particularly challenging. For example, someone could move from Germany to France, live there without registering, and go uncounted in official migration records.2 The rise of remote work has made it easier for people to live in different countries without registering as employees or taxpayers.

This annual study provides migration pattern data for the United States by State or by county and are available for inflows (the number of new residents who moved to a State or county and where they migrated from) and outflows (the number of residents who left a State or county and where they moved to). The data include the number of returns filed, number of personal exemptions claimed, total adjusted gross income, and aggregate migration flows at the State level, by the size of adjusted gross income (AGI) and by age of the primary taxpayer. Data are collected and based on year-to-year address changes reported on U.S. Individual Income Tax Returns (Form 1040) filed with the IRS. SOI collects these data as part of its Individual Income Tax Return (Form 1040) Statistics program, Data by Geographic Areas, U.S. Population Migration Data.

Introduction

Welcome to the Native American Multi-Year Facial Image Dataset, thoughtfully curated to support the development of advanced facial recognition systems, biometric identification models, KYC verification tools, and other computer vision applications. This dataset is ideal for training AI models to recognize individuals over time, track facial changes, and enhance age progression capabilities.

Facial Image Data

This dataset includes over 5,000+ high-quality facial images, organized into individual participant sets, each containing:

Diversity & Representation

Image Quality & Capture Conditions

To ensure model generalization and practical usability, images in this dataset reflect real-world diversity:

Metadata

Each participant’s dataset is accompanied by rich metadata to support advanced model training and analysis, including:

Use Cases & Applications

This dataset is highly valuable for a wide range of AI and computer vision applications:

Secure & Ethical Collection

Dataset Updates & Customization

To keep pace with evolving AI needs, this dataset is regularly updated and customizable. Custom data collection options include:

THIS DATASET WAS LAST UPDATED AT 7:11 AM EASTERN ON DEC. 1

OVERVIEW

2019 had the most mass killings since at least the 1970s, according to the Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings Database.

In all, there were 45 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings . This summer was especially violent, with three high-profile public mass shootings occurring in the span of just four weeks, leaving 38 killed and 66 injured.

A total of 229 people died in mass killings in 2019.

The AP's analysis found that more than 50% of the incidents were family annihilations, which is similar to prior years. Although they are far less common, the 9 public mass shootings during the year were the most deadly type of mass murder, resulting in 73 people's deaths, not including the assailants.

One-third of the offenders died at the scene of the killing or soon after, half from suicides.

About this Dataset

The Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings database tracks all U.S. homicides since 2006 involving four or more people killed (not including the offender) over a short period of time (24 hours) regardless of weapon, location, victim-offender relationship or motive. The database includes information on these and other characteristics concerning the incidents, offenders, and victims.

The AP/USA TODAY/Northeastern database represents the most complete tracking of mass murders by the above definition currently available. Other efforts, such as the Gun Violence Archive or Everytown for Gun Safety may include events that do not meet our criteria, but a review of these sites and others indicates that this database contains every event that matches the definition, including some not tracked by other organizations.

This data will be updated periodically and can be used as an ongoing resource to help cover these events.

Using this Dataset

To get basic counts of incidents of mass killings and mass shootings by year nationwide, use these queries:

Mass killings by year

Mass shootings by year

To get these counts just for your state:

Filter killings by state

Definition of "mass murder"

Mass murder is defined as the intentional killing of four or more victims by any means within a 24-hour period, excluding the deaths of unborn children and the offender(s). The standard of four or more dead was initially set by the FBI.

This definition does not exclude cases based on method (e.g., shootings only), type or motivation (e.g., public only), victim-offender relationship (e.g., strangers only), or number of locations (e.g., one). The time frame of 24 hours was chosen to eliminate conflation with spree killers, who kill multiple victims in quick succession in different locations or incidents, and to satisfy the traditional requirement of occurring in a “single incident.”

Offenders who commit mass murder during a spree (before or after committing additional homicides) are included in the database, and all victims within seven days of the mass murder are included in the victim count. Negligent homicides related to driving under the influence or accidental fires are excluded due to the lack of offender intent. Only incidents occurring within the 50 states and Washington D.C. are considered.

Methodology

Project researchers first identified potential incidents using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Homicide incidents in the SHR were flagged as potential mass murder cases if four or more victims were reported on the same record, and the type of death was murder or non-negligent manslaughter.

Cases were subsequently verified utilizing media accounts, court documents, academic journal articles, books, and local law enforcement records obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Each data point was corroborated by multiple sources, which were compiled into a single document to assess the quality of information.

In case(s) of contradiction among sources, official law enforcement or court records were used, when available, followed by the most recent media or academic source.

Case information was subsequently compared with every other known mass murder database to ensure reliability and validity. Incidents listed in the SHR that could not be independently verified were excluded from the database.

Project researchers also conducted extensive searches for incidents not reported in the SHR during the time period, utilizing internet search engines, Lexis-Nexis, and Newspapers.com. Search terms include: [number] dead, [number] killed, [number] slain, [number] murdered, [number] homicide, mass murder, mass shooting, massacre, rampage, family killing, familicide, and arson murder. Offender, victim, and location names were also directly searched when available.

This project started at USA TODAY in 2012.

Contacts

Contact AP Data Editor Justin Myers with questions, suggestions or comments about this dataset at jmyers@ap.org. The Northeastern University researcher working with AP and USA TODAY is Professor James Alan Fox, who can be reached at j.fox@northeastern.edu or 617-416-4400.

The New York Times is releasing a series of data files with cumulative counts of coronavirus cases in the United States, at the state and county level, over time. We are compiling this time series data from state and local governments and health departments in an attempt to provide a complete record of the ongoing outbreak.

Since late January, The Times has tracked cases of coronavirus in real time as they were identified after testing. Because of the widespread shortage of testing, however, the data is necessarily limited in the picture it presents of the outbreak.

We have used this data to power our maps and reporting tracking the outbreak, and it is now being made available to the public in response to requests from researchers, scientists and government officials who would like access to the data to better understand the outbreak.

The data begins with the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020. We will publish regular updates to the data in this repository.

This table contains 25 series, with data for years 1955 - 2013 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...) Last permanent residence (25 items: Total immigrants; France; Great Britain; Total Europe ...).

Introduction

Welcome to the Native American Human Face with Occlusion Dataset, carefully curated to support the development of robust facial recognition systems, occlusion detection models, biometric identification technologies, and KYC verification tools. This dataset provides real-world variability by including facial images with common occlusions, helping AI models perform reliably under challenging conditions.

Facial Image Data

The dataset comprises over 3,000 high-quality facial images, organized into participant-wise sets. Each set includes:

Diversity & Representation

Image Quality & Capture Conditions

To ensure robustness and real-world utility, images were captured under diverse conditions:

Metadata

Each image is paired with detailed metadata to enable advanced filtering, model tuning, and analysis:

This rich metadata helps train models that can recognize faces even when partially obscured.

Use Cases & Applications

This dataset is ideal for a wide range of real-world and research-focused applications, including:

Secure & Ethical Collection

Dataset Updates &

Job Quits in the United States decreased to 3091 Thousand in August from 3208 Thousand in July of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Job Quits.

Introduction

Welcome to the US English General Conversation Speech Dataset — a rich, linguistically diverse corpus purpose-built to accelerate the development of English speech technologies. This dataset is designed to train and fine-tune ASR systems, spoken language understanding models, and generative voice AI tailored to real-world US English communication.

Curated by FutureBeeAI, this 30 hours dataset offers unscripted, spontaneous two-speaker conversations across a wide array of real-life topics. It enables researchers, AI developers, and voice-first product teams to build robust, production-grade English speech models that understand and respond to authentic American accents and dialects.

Speech Data

The dataset comprises 30 hours of high-quality audio, featuring natural, free-flowing dialogue between native speakers of US English. These sessions range from informal daily talks to deeper, topic-specific discussions, ensuring variability and context richness for diverse use cases.

Topic Diversity

The dataset spans a wide variety of everyday and domain-relevant themes. This topic diversity ensures the resulting models are adaptable to broad speech contexts.

Transcription

Each audio file is paired with a human-verified, verbatim transcription available in JSON format.

These transcriptions are production-ready, enabling seamless integration into ASR model pipelines or conversational AI workflows.

Metadata

The dataset comes with granular metadata for both speakers and recordings:

Such metadata helps developers fine-tune model training and supports use-case-specific filtering or demographic analysis.

Usage and Applications

This dataset is a versatile resource for multiple English speech and language AI applications:

Visual question answering

VQA understands a provided image and if a person asks question about this, it provides an answer after analyzing (or reasoning) the image via natural language.

KVQA dataset

As part of T-Brain’s projects on social value, KVQA dataset, a Korean version of VQA dataset was created. KVQA dataset consists of photos taken by Korean visually impaired people, questions about the photos, and 10 answers from 10 distinct annotators for each question. Currently, it consists of 30,000 sets of images and questions, and 300,000 answers, but by the end of this year, we will increase the dataset size to 100,000 sets of images and questions, and 1 million answers. This dataset can be used only for educational and research purposes. Please refer to the attached license for more details. We hope that the KVQA dataset can simultaneously provide opportunities for the development of Korean VQA technology as well as creation of meaningful social value in Korean society.

You can download KVQA dataset via this link.

Evaluation

We measure the model's accuracy by using answers collected from 10 different people for each question. If the answer provided by a VQA model is equal to 3 or more answers from 10 annotators, it gets 100%; if less than 3, it gets a partial score proportionately. To be consistent with ‘human accuracies’, measured accuracies are averaged over all 10 choose 9 sets of human annotators. Please refer to VQA Evaluation which we follow.

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

raw_datasets = load_dataset(
        "kvqa.py", 
        "default",
        cache_dir="huggingface_datasets", 
        data_dir="data",
        ignore_verifications=True,
      )

dataset_train = raw_datasets["train"]

for item in dataset_train:
  print(item)
  exit()

Data statistics

v1.0 (Jan. 2020)

Data

Data field description

Data example

[{
    "image": "KVQA_190712_00143.jpg",
    "source": "kvqa",
    "answers": [{
      "answer": "피아노",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노 치고있다",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "unanswerable",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "게임",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노 앞에서 무언가를 보고 있음",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노치고있어",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노치고있어요",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노 연주",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "피아노 치기",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }],
    "question": "방에 있는 사람은 지금 뭘하고 있지?",
    "answerable": 1,
    "answer_type": "other"
  },
  {
    "image": "VizWiz_train_000000008148.jpg",
    "source": "vizwiz",
    "answers": [{
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "티비 리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "maybe"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }, {
      "answer": "리모컨",
      "answer_confidence": "yes"
    }],
    "question": "이것은 무엇인가요?",
    "answerable": 1,
    "answer_type": "other"
  }
]

Job Quits Rate in the United States decreased to 1.90 percent in August from 2 percent in July of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Job Quits Rate.

Beta Notice: This item is currently in beta and is intended for early access, testing, and feedback. It is not recommended for production use, as functionality and content are subject to change without notice.Land cover describes general characteristics of the Earth's surface. The USA Annual NLCD land cover layer represents the predominant surface state within the mapping year with respect to broad categories of artificial or natural surface cover. This annual time-enabled service of the National Land Cover Database groups land cover into 16 classes based on a modified Anderson Level II classification system. Classes include vegetation type, development density, and agricultural use. Bodies of water, permanent ice and snow, and barren lands are also identified. Confidence in the value of each pixel is not even. Use the USA NLCD Land Cover Confidence 1985-2024 layer to determine the confidence value for each pixel.Annual NLCD Product User Guide: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/annual-nlcd-science-product-user-guideDataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Land Cover of the Conterminous USAGeographic Extent: Conterminous USA (lower 48 states + DC)Mosaic Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic, on WGS84 spheroid (AEA_WGS84)Data Coordinate System: Albers Equal Area Conic, on WGS84 spheroid (AEA_WGS84)Cell Size: 30-mPixel Type: 8-bit unsigned integerSource Type: ThematicTime Extent: Annually 1985-2024Analysis: Optimized for AnalysisSource: National Land Cover Database, Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics ConsortiumData Vintage: Version 1.1, June 2025 Publication Date: June 2025The Annual National Land Cover Database products are created through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC). The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies, consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Forest Service, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. The NLCD is part of the NGDA and is considered the authoritative land cover product from the U.S. federal government. What can you do with this layer?Identify land cover classes during the years 1985-2024.Analyze land cover classes in a particular year 1985-2024.Disable the time series, then overlay with transparency and the multiply blend mode over basemaps and relief to stain basemaps with color, giving the basemap economic context. Useful for operational layers such as business locations.Play the time series as an animation to visualize and understand land cover changes over four decades.Time SeriesThis layer is served as a time series. To display a particular year of land cover data, select the year of interest with the time slider in your map client. You may also use the time slider to play the service as an animation. We recommend a one year time interval when displaying the series.Annual NLCD vs Legacy NLCDAnnual NLCD and the Legacy NLCD layers are significantly different. A table below shows differences in features between the two datasets. Annual NLCD Legacy NLCDRelease FrequencyYearlyEvery 2-3 YearsNumber of land cover classes1616, plus 4 additional for AlaskaYears includedYearly, from 1985 to 20242001, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021Production MethodInvolves three types of deep learning models integrated into a novel geospatial artificial intelligence (AI) solution to process, encode, and map land cover using Landsat timeseries imagery & curated sets of land cover training dataNLCD utilizes supervised classification algorithms, particularly decision trees, to classify Landsat satellite imagery. Training data includes high-resolution orthophotography, local datasets, field-collected points, and Forest Inventory Analysis data.The Annual NLCD layer uses an Albers projection optimized for the lower 48 states. The Legacy NLCD includes Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, and thus a North America Albers projection was used in that layer to minimize distortion around its wider geography and facilitate comparison. Optimized for analysis means this layer does not have size constraints for analysis and it is recommended for multisource analysis with other layers optimized for analysis. See the Living Atlas Imagery Layers Optimized for Analysis Group for a complete list of imagery layers optimized for analysis. Processing TemplatesSaturated Renderer for Visualization and Analysis - This renderer has the same symbols as the Esri cartographic renderer, but the colors are extra saturated, giving the map user rich color to use when transparency and/or blend modes may be applied to the layer. This renderer is useful for land cover over a basemap or relief. This is the default. Esri Cartographic Renderer for Visualization and Analysis - Land cover drawn with Esri symbols that are desaturated.MRLC Cartographic Renderer for Visualization and Analysis - Cartographic renderer using the land cover symbols as issued by NLCD (the same symbols as is on the dataset when you download them from MRLC).Simplified Renderer for Visualization and Analysis - NLCD reclassified into 10 broad classes. These broad classes may be easier to use in some analyses, applications or maps.Isolate Developed Areas for Visualization and Analysis - Cartographic renderer which only displays the four developed classes (21, 22, 23, 24), developed open space plus low, medium, and high intensity development classes.Isolate Forested Areas for Visualization and Analysis - Cartographic renderer which only displays the three forest classes (41, 42, 43), deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forest.Isolate (single NLCD class) for Visualization and Analysis - Isolates a single class in the NLCD.USA Annual NLCD Land Cover service classes with corresponding index number (raster value):11. Open Water - areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil.12. Perennial Ice/Snow - areas characterized by a perennial cover of ice and/or snow, generally greater than 25% of total cover.21. Developed, Open Space - areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20% of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes.22. Developed, Low Intensity - areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20% to 49% percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.23. Developed, Medium Intensity - areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50% to 79% of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.24. Developed High Intensity - highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80% to 100% of the total cover.31. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) - areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover.41. Deciduous Forest - areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75% of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change.42. Evergreen Forest - areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75% of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.43. Mixed Forest - areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75% of total tree cover.52. Shrub/Scrub - areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions.71. Grassland/Herbaceous - areas dominated by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling, but can be utilized for grazing.81. Pasture/Hay - areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20% of total vegetation.82. Cultivated Crops - areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled.90. Woody Wetlands - areas where forest or shrubland vegetation accounts for greater than 20% of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.95. Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80% of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

CollegeScorecard US College Graduation and Opportunity Data

Exploring Student Success and Outcomes

By Noah Rippner [source]

About this dataset

This dataset provides an in-depth look at the data elements for the US College CollegeScorecard Graduation and Opportunity Project Use Case. It contains information on the variables used to create a comprehensive report, including Year, dev-category, developer-friendly name, VARIABLE NAME, API data type, label, VALUE, LABEL , SCORECARD? Y/N , SOURCE and NOTES. The data is provided by the U.S Department of Education and allows parents, students and policymakers to take meaningful action to improve outcomes. This dataset contains more than enough information to allow people like Maria - a 25 year old recent US Army veteran who wants a degree in Management Systems and Information Technology -to distinguish between her school options; access services; find affordable housing near high-quality schools which are located in safe neighborhoods that have access to transport links as well as employment opportunities nearby. This highly useful dataset provides detailed analysis of all this criteria so that users can make an informed decision about which school is best for them!

More Datasets

For more datasets, click here.

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How to use the dataset

This dataset contains data related to college students, including their college graduation rates, access to opportunity indicators such as geographic mobility and career readiness, and other important indicators of the overall learning experience in the United States. This guide will show you how to use this dataset to make meaningful conclusions about high education in America.

First, you will need to be familiar with the different fields included in this CollegeScorecard’s US College Graduation and Opportunity Data set. Each record is comprised of several data elements which are defined by concise labels on the left side of each observation row. These include labels such as Name of Data Element, Year, dev-category (i.e., developmental category), Variable Name, API data type (i.e., type information for programmatic interface), Label (i.e., descriptive content labeling for visual reporting), Value , Label (i.e., descriptive value labeling for visual reporting). SCORECARD? Y/N indicates whether or not a field pertains to U.S Department of Education’s College Scorecard program and SOURCE indicates where the source of the variable can be found among other minor details about that variable are found within Notes column attributed beneath each row entry for further analysis or comparison between elements captured across observations

Now that you understand the components associated within each element or label related within Observation Rows identified beside each header label let’s go over some key steps you can take when working with this particular dataset:

• Utilize year specific filters on specified fields if needed — e.g.; Year = 2020 & API Data Type = Character

• Look up any ‘NCalPlaceHolder” values if applicable — these are placeholders often stating values have been absolved fromScorecards display versioning due conflicting formatting requirements across standard conditions being met or may state these details have still yet been updated recently so upon assessment wait patiently until returns minor changes via API interface incorporate latest returned results statements inventory configuration options relevant against budgetary cycle limits established positions

• Pivot data points into more custom tabular structured outputs tapering down complex unstructured RAW sources into more digestible Medium Level datasets consumed often via PowerBI / Tableau compatible Snapshots expanding upon Delimited text exports baseline formats provided formerly

• Explore correlations between education metrics our third parties documents generated frequently such values indicative educational adherence effects ROI growth potential looking beyond Campus Panoramic recognition metrics often supported outside Social Medial Primary

Research Ideas

• Creating an interactive dashboard to compare school performance in terms of safety, entrepreneurship and other criteria.
• Using the data to create a heat map visualization that shows which cities are most conducive to a successful educational experience for students like Maria.
• Gathering information about average course costs at different universities and mapping them relative to US unemployment rates indicates which states might offer the best value for money when it comes to higher education expenses

Ack...

Abstract

Round 1 of the Afrobarometer survey was conducted from July 1999 through June 2001 in 12 African countries, to solicit public opinion on democracy, governance, markets, and national identity. The full 12 country dataset released was pieced together out of different projects, Round 1 of the Afrobarometer survey,the old Southern African Democracy Barometer, and similar surveys done in West and East Africa.

The 7 country dataset is a subset of the Round 1 survey dataset, and consists of a combined dataset for the 7 Southern African countries surveyed with other African countries in Round 1, 1999-2000 (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). It is a useful dataset because, in contrast to the full 12 country Round 1 dataset, all countries in this dataset were surveyed with the identical questionnaire

Geographic coverage

Botswana Lesotho Malawi Namibia South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe

Analysis unit

Basic units of analysis that the study investigates include: individuals and groups

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A new sample has to be drawn for each round of Afrobarometer surveys. Whereas the standard sample size for Round 3 surveys will be 1200 cases, a larger sample size will be required in societies that are extremely heterogeneous (such as South Africa and Nigeria), where the sample size will be increased to 2400. Other adaptations may be necessary within some countries to account for the varying quality of the census data or the availability of census maps.

The sample is designed as a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of selection for interview. We strive to reach this objective by (a) strictly applying random selection methods at every stage of sampling and by (b) applying sampling with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible. A randomly selected sample of 1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than plus or minus 2.5 percent with a confidence level of 95 percent. If the sample size is increased to 2400, the confidence interval shrinks to plus or minus 2 percent.

Sample Universe

The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes.

What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort.

Sample Design

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample.

To repeat the main sampling principle, the objective of the design is to give every sample element (i.e. adult citizen) an equal and known chance of being chosen for inclusion in the sample. We strive to reach this objective by (a) strictly applying random selection methods at every stage of sampling and by (b) applying sampling with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible.

In a series of stages, geographically defined sampling units of decreasing size are selected. To ensure that the sample is representative, the probability of selection at various stages is adjusted as follows:

The sample is stratified by key social characteristics in the population such as sub-national area (e.g. region/province) and residential locality (urban or rural). The area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. And the urban/rural stratification is a means to make sure that these localities are represented in their correct proportions. Wherever possible, and always in the first stage of sampling, random sampling is conducted with probability proportionate to population size (PPPS). The purpose is to guarantee that larger (i.e., more populated) geographical units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling design has four stages

A first-stage to stratify and randomly select primary sampling units;

A second-stage to randomly select sampling start-points;

A third stage to randomly choose households;

A final-stage involving the random selection of individual respondents

We shall deal with each of these stages in turn.

STAGE ONE: Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs)

The primary sampling units (PSU's) are the smallest, well-defined geographic units for which reliable population data are available. In most countries, these will be Census Enumeration Areas (or EAs). Most national census data and maps are broken down to the EA level. In the text that follows we will use the acronyms PSU and EA interchangeably because, when census data are employed, they refer to the same unit.

We strongly recommend that NIs use official national census data as the sampling frame for Afrobarometer surveys. Where recent or reliable census data are not available, NIs are asked to inform the relevant Core Partner before they substitute any other demographic data. Where the census is out of date, NIs should consult a demographer to obtain the best possible estimates of population growth rates. These should be applied to the outdated census data in order to make projections of population figures for the year of the survey. It is important to bear in mind that population growth rates vary by area (region) and (especially) between rural and urban localities. Therefore, any projected census data should include adjustments to take such variations into account.

Indeed, we urge NIs to establish collegial working relationships within professionals in the national census bureau, not only to obtain the most recent census data, projections, and maps, but to gain access to sampling expertise. NIs may even commission a census statistician to draw the sample to Afrobarometer specifications, provided that provision for this service has been made in the survey budget.

Regardless of who draws the sample, the NIs should thoroughly acquaint themselves with the strengths and weaknesses of the available census data and the availability and quality of EA maps. The country and methodology reports should cite the exact census data used, its known shortcomings, if any, and any projections made from the data. At minimum, the NI must know the size of the population and the urban/rural population divide in each region in order to specify how to distribute population and PSU's in the first stage of sampling. National investigators should obtain this written data before they attempt to stratify the sample.

Once this data is obtained, the sample population (either 1200 or 2400) should be stratified, first by area (region/province) and then by residential locality (urban or rural). In each case, the proportion of the sample in each locality in each region should be the same as its proportion in the national population as indicated by the updated census figures.

Having stratified the sample, it is then possible to determine how many PSU's should be selected for the country as a whole, for each region, and for each urban or rural locality.

The total number of PSU's to be selected for the whole country is determined by calculating the maximum degree of clustering of interviews one can accept in any PSU. Because PSUs (which are usually geographically small EAs) tend to be socially homogenous we do not want to select too many people in any one place. Thus, the Afrobarometer has established a standard of no more than 8 interviews per PSU. For a sample size of 1200, the sample must therefore contain 150 PSUs/EAs (1200 divided by 8). For a sample size of 2400, there must be 300 PSUs/EAs.

These PSUs should then be allocated proportionally to the urban and rural localities within each regional stratum of the sample. Let's take a couple of examples from a country with a sample size of 1200. If the urban locality of Region X in this country constitutes 10 percent of the current national population, then the sample for this stratum should be 15 PSUs (calculated as 10 percent of 150 PSUs). If the rural population of Region Y constitutes 4 percent of the current national population, then the sample for this stratum should be 6 PSU's.

The next step is to select particular PSUs/EAs using random methods. Using the above example of the rural localities in Region Y, let us say that you need to pick 6 sample EAs out of a census list that contains a total of 240 rural EAs in Region Y. But which 6? If the EAs created by the national census bureau are of equal or roughly equal population size, then selection is relatively straightforward. Just number all EAs consecutively, then make six selections using a table of random numbers. This procedure, known as simple random sampling (SRS), will

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