Estimates of London's population between 1801 and 2021 (persons present 1801 to 1971 and usual residents for 1981 to 2021) derived from historic Census data. Figures for years before 1931 are estimates by the Greater London Council published in Research Memorandum 413, 'The Changing Population of the London Boroughs'. Figures for 1931, 1951, and 1961 were published in 'Census 1961 Greater London Tables'; Figures for 1971 to 2021 are taken from individual censuses.

Lower and Middle Super Output Area populations by single year of age for both current and previous boundaries. Data for previous boundaries has been apportioned by the Greater London Authority. Areas that have merged were calculated using proportions from previous Mid-year population estimates (pre-revision) and applying it to the current estimates. Data downloads: Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) - current LSOA boundaries (2011) (ZIPPED) 2001-2014 - previous LSOA boundaries (2001) (ZIPPED) 2001-2013 no longer updated Middle Super Output Areas (MSOA) - current MSOA boundaries (2011) 2002-2014 - previous MSOA boundaries (2001) 2001-2013 no longer updated The data is presented by sex and single year of age and also in a custom-age tool. Simply enter the age group required for males and females and the tool will automatically calculate the figure. NB Data for current boundaries includes single year of age data for 85-89, while data for previous boundaries contains single years up to 85+. Land Area and Population Density for MSOA and LSOA (2011) is available for most recent year in a separate file. Download from ONS or new ONS page.

This table shows whether people aged 16 or over have ever used or never used the internet by a range of variables such as age, ethnicity, pay, occupation, qualifications, and disability. The question asked in the Labour Force Survey is "When did you last use the internet?" This question is only asked to people aged 16 and over. The first time this data was available was 2011 Q1. At borough level the data showed ever used or never used. For London and Rest of UK the data is broken down by a range of indicators, including age, ethnic group, weekly pay, occupation levels, qualification levels, and economic activity. The APS sampled around 333,000 people in the UK (around 27,000 in London). As such all figures must be treated with some caution. Data was supplied directly by ONS under request from the Greater London Authority. Numbers rounded to the nearest thousand. Other Internet Access data can be found on the ONS website. This is national data based on the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey.

Excel Age-Range creator for Office for National Statistics (ONS) Mid year population estimates (MYE) covering each year between 1999 and 2016

These files take into account the revised estimates for 2002-2010 released in April 2013 down to Local Authority level and the post 2011 estimates based on the Census results. Scotland and Northern Ireland data has not been revised, so Great Britain and United Kingdom totals comprise the original data for these plus revised England and Wales figures.

This Excel based tool enables users to query the single year of age raw data so that any age range can easily be calculated without having to carry out often complex, and time consuming formulas that could also be open to human error. Simply select the lower and upper age range for both males and females and the spreadsheet will return the total population for the range. Please adhere to the terms and conditions of supply contained within the file.

Tip: You can copy and paste the rows you are interested in to another worksheet by using the filters at the top of the columns and then select all by pressing Ctrl+A. Then simply copy and paste the cells to a new location.

ONS Mid year population estimates

Open Excel tool (London Boroughs, Regions and National, 1999-2016)

Also available is a custom-age tool for all geographies in the UK. Open the tool for all UK geographies (local authority and above) for: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

This full MYE dataset by single year of age (SYA) age and gender is available as a Datastore package here.

Ward Level Population estimates

Single year of age population tool for 2002 to 2015 for all wards in London.

New 2014 Ward boundary estimates

Ward boundary changes in May 2014 only affected three London boroughs - Hackney, Kensington and Chelsea, and Tower Hamlets. The estimates between 2001-2013 have been calculated by the GLA by taking the proportion of a the old ward that falls within the new ward based on the proportion of population living in each area at the 2011 Census. Therefore, these estimates are purely indicative and are not official statistics and not endorsed by ONS. From 2014 onwards, ONS began publishing official estimates for the new ward boundaries. Download here.

In 2024, Croydon had the largest population among London boroughs at just over 409,340, followed by Barnet at 405,050.

This Update from the GLA Intelligence Unit analyses the ONS 2014 mid-year population estimates and associated components of change focussing on London and comparing these to ONS and GLA population projections.

Estimates of London's population between 1801 and 2001 (persons present 1801 to 1991 and residents for 2001 onwards) derived from historic Census data.

Sources: years to 1971 - Greater London Council Research Memorandum 413, The Changing Population of the London Boroughs; 1981 Census Small Area Statistics, Table 1; 1991 Census Small Area Statistics, Table 1. Figure for Year-1939 is a mid-year estimate for the year 1939. Figure for Year-2001 onwards is the number of residents because the number of persons present is not available from 2001. Note that totals for Greater London may not match due to rounding errors. Figures are estimates to the nearest thousand.

Land area and population density figures for 2001 to 2050 for wards and boroughs. Ward data begins in 2011. Population figure included are GLA estimate (2016-based projections), 2011 Census and ONS Mid-year Estimates. GLA figures are based on GLA population projections. Select which year you require from the drop-down box in the spreadsheet. Inland area takes account of water line. Areas with large bodies of water will have a smaller inland area than total area since some of the area will be water. Land area figures are taken from Ordnance Survey boundaries using MapInfo.

In 2015 London's population surpassed its previous peak of 8.6 million people. This dataset contains an excel workbook showing borough population estimates and projections for the period 1939 - 2039 and a brief summary of population change in the capital.

These modelled annual population estimates were created for use the GLA's population projections.

They are intended to provide a consistent series of annual population and components of change between census years with all change accounted for by the standard components of change (births, deaths, and migration).

The official mid-year population estimates published by ONS are available here.

The original detailed internal migration data published by ONS is available here.

An overview of the general approach used to create these estimates is described in this presentation delivered at the 2022 BSPS conference.

* 17 April 2023 code for producing the modelled 2021 detailed internal migration flows is now available on Github

This dataset provides locations of open spaces in London identified by research and data analysis as Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS), based on the definition below and available data in 2017. This is not a fully comprehensive dataset and is based on multiple sources of information. Subsequent versions will provide updates as more information becomes available. Read more here. The dataset has been created by Greenspace Information for Greater London CIC (GiGL). GiGL mobilises, curates and shares data that underpin our knowledge of London’s natural environment. We provide impartial evidence to enable informed discussion and decision-making in policy and practice. GiGL maps under licence from the Greater London Authority. Research for this dataset has been assisted by The Guardian Cities team. Data sources Boundaries and attributes are based on GiGL’s Open Space dataset, which is a collated dataset of spatial and attribute information from various sources, including: habitat and open space survey information provided to GiGL by the GLA and London boroughs, borough open space survey information where provided to GiGL or available under open licence, other attribute information inferred from field visits or research. Available open space information has been analysed by GiGL to identify POPS included in this dataset. Future updates to the GiGL Open Space dataset will inform future, improved releases of the POPS dataset. Definition For the purposes of creating the dataset, POPS have been carefully defined as below. The definition is based on review of similar definitions internationally and appropriateness for application to available London data. Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS): publicly accessible spaces which are provided and maintained by private developers, offices or residential building owners. They include city squares, atriums and small parks. The spaces provide several functional amenities for the public. They are free to enter and may be open 24 hours or have restricted access arrangements. Whilst the spaces look public, there are often constraints to use. For the Greater London dataset no consideration is taken as to a site’s formal status in planning considerations, and only unenclosed POPS are included. POPS may be destination spaces, which attract visitors from outside of the space’s immediate area and are designed for use by a broad audience, or neighbourhood spaces, which draw residents and employees from the immediate locale and are usually strongly linked with the adjacent street or host building. These spaces are of high quality and include a range of amenities. The POPS may also be a hiatus space, accommodating the passing user for a brief stop only – for example it may include seating but few other amenities, a circulation space, designed to improve a pedestrian’s journey from A to B, or a marginal space, which whilst a public space is not very accommodating and experiences low levels of usage. (Ref: Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience, by Jerold S. Kayden, The New York City Department of City Planning, and the Municipal Art Society of New York, published by John Wiley & Sons, 2000). NOTE: The boundaries are based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'.Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2017.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for New London, , NH, US including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

The data is taken from a face-to-face survey of 1,490 residents of Greater London, undertaken in early 2010 by BMG Research on behalf of the GLA. The questions explore areas of Mayoral policy and priority including policing and safety, the environment, transport, the Olympics and london life. The data is available by demographic group, including gender, age, ethnicity and social class. A full report and a summary of topline results were published on the GLA website in May 2010.

Estimates of personal well-being from the Annual Population Survey (APS) Well-being dataset. Data shows life satisfaction, how worthwhile people feel, whether people were happy yesterday, and how anxious people were yesterday. Subjective personal well-being average scores by borough and region, covering life satisfaction, happiness, worthwhileness and anxiety. For more information visit the well-being pages of the ONS website. This dataset is included in the Greater London Authority's Night Time Observatory. Click here to find out more.

Introduction The GiGL Open Space Friends Group subset provides locations and boundaries for selected open space sites in Greater London. The chosen sites represent sites that have established Friends Groups in Greater London and are therefore important to local communities, even if they may not be accessible open spaces, or don’t typically function as destinations for leisure, activities and community engagement. Friends Groups are groups of interested local people who come together to protect, enhance and improve their local open space or spaces. The dataset has been created by Greenspace Information for Greater London CIC (GiGL). As London’s Environmental Records Centre, GiGL mobilises, curates and shares data that underpin our knowledge of London’s natural environment. We provide impartial evidence to support informed discussion and decision making in policy and practice. GiGL maps under licence from the Greater London Authority. Publicly accessible sites for leisure, activities and community engagement can be found in GiGL's Spaces to Visit dataset Description This dataset is a sub-set of the GiGL Open Space dataset, the most comprehensive dataset available of open spaces in London. Sites are selected for inclusion in the Friends Group subset based on whether there is a friends group recorded for the site in the Open Space dataset. The dataset is a mapped Geographic Information System (GIS) polygon dataset where one polygon (or multi-polygon) represents one space. As well as site boundaries, the dataset includes information about a site’s name, size, access and type (e.g. park, playing field etc.) and the name and/or web address of the site’s friends group. GiGL developed the dataset to support anyone who is interested in identifying sites in London with friends groups - including friends groups and other community groups, web and app developers, policy makers and researchers - with an open licence data source. More detailed and extensive data are available under GiGL data use licences for GIGL partners, researchers and students. Information services are also available for ecological consultants, biological recorders, community groups and members of the public – please see www.gigl.org.uk for more information. The dataset is updated on a quarterly basis. If you have questions about this dataset please contact GiGL’s GIS and Data Officer. Data sources The boundaries and information in this dataset are a combination of data collected during the London Survey Method habitat and open space survey programme (1986 – 2008) and information provided to GiGL from other sources since. These sources include London borough surveys, land use datasets, volunteer surveys, feedback from the public, park friends’ groups, and updates made as part of GiGL’s on-going data validation and verification process. This is a preliminary version of the dataset as there is currently low coverage of friends groups in GiGL’s Open Space database. We are continually working on updating and improving this dataset. If you have any additional information or corrections for sites included in GiGL’s Friends Group subset please contact GiGL’s GIS and Data Officer. NOTE: The dataset contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2025. The site boundaries are based on Ordnance Survey mapping, and the data are published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'. When using these data please acknowledge GiGL and Ordnance Survey as the source of the information using the following citation: ‘Dataset created by Greenspace Information for Greater London CIC (GiGL), 2025 – Contains Ordnance Survey and public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 ’

The focus for this resource is Greater London. In the 2021 Census, the population of Greater London was recorded as 8.8 Million people.

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Excel age range creator for GLA Projections data

This Excel based tool enables users to query the raw single year of age data so that any age range can easily be calculated without having to carry out often complex, and time consuming formulas that could also be open to human error. Each year the GLA demography team produce sets of population projections. On this page each of these datasets since 2009 can be accessed, though please remember that the older versions have been superceded. From 2012, data includes population estimates and projections between 2001 and 2041 for each borough plus Central London (Camden, City of London, Kensington & Chelsea, and Westminster), Rest of Inner Boroughs, Inner London, Outer London and Greater London.

The full raw data by single year of age (SYA) and gender are available as Datastore packages at the links below.

How to use the tool: Simply select the lower and upper age range for both males and females (starting in cell C3) and the spreadsheet will return the total population for the range.

Tip: You can copy and paste the boroughs you are interested in to another worksheet by clicking: Edit then Go To (or Control + G), then Special, and Visible cells only. Then simply copy and 'paste values' of the cells to a new location.

Warning: The ethnic group and ward files are large (around 35MB), and may take some time to download depending on your bandwidth.

Find out more about GLA population projections on the GLA Demographic Projections page

BOROUGH PROJECTIONS

GLA 2009 Round London Plan Population Projections (January 2010) (SUPERSEDED)

GLA 2009 Round (revised) London Plan Population Projections (August 2010) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2009 Round (revised) SHLAA Population Projections (August 2010) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2010 Round SHLAA Population Projections (February 2011) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 Round SHLAA Population Projections, High Fertility (December 2011) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 Round SHLAA Population Projections, Standard Fertility (January 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Population Projections, (December 2012)(SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round Trend Based Population Projections, (December 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Borough Projections incorporating DCLG 2011 household formation rates, (June 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round Trend Based Population Projections - High (December 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round Trend Based Population Projections - Central (December 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round Trend Based Population Projections - Low (December 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round SHLAA Based Population Projections (February 2014) (SUPERCEDED) Spreadsheet now includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2013 Round SHLAA Based Capped Population Projections (March 2014) (SUPERCEDED) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round Trend-based, Short-Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round Trend-based, Long-Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round SHLAA DCLG Based Long Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round SHLAA Capped Household Size Model Short Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS. This is the recommended file to use.

WARD PROJECTIONS

GLA 2008 round (High) Ward Projections (March 2009) (SUPERSEDED)

GLA 2009 round (revised) London Plan Ward Projections (August 2010) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2010 round SHLAA Ward Projections (February 2011) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 round SHLAA Standard Ward Projections (January 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 round SHLAA High Ward Projections (January 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 round SHLAA based Ward Projections (March 2013) (XLS) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 round SHLAA Ward Projections (March 2013) (XLS) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 round SHLAA Ward Projections (March 2014) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 round SHLAA Capped Ward Projections (March 2014) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2014 round SHLAA Capped Household Size Model Short Term Migration Scenario Ward Projections (April 2015) This is the recommended file to use.

ETHNIC GROUP PROJECTIONS FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Interim (May 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round Trend Based Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Interim (May 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Based Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Final (Nov 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round Trend Based Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Final (Nov 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round SHLAA Capped Ethnic Group Borough Projections (August 2014)

This report provides a summary of demographic and related data for each Westminster Parliamentary constituency in Greater London. The profiles are designed to provide an overview of the population in each area by combining a range of data on the population, diversity, households, life expectancy, council tax, crime, household income (paycheck), benefits, land use, education, business and deprivation. All data, relate to people who live in the area, i.e. they are residence-based. The vast majority of data used in these profiles was aggregated from either Lower Super Output Area or Ward level data. Lookup tables are available to download from this page so that users can construct their own constituency data from ward or LSOA datasets. In the PDF version of the report are maps for each area that show both the location of the constituency within London, the wards that make up the constituency, and also borough boundaries. The GLA Data Management and Analysis Group (DMAG) has produced these profiles, using the most up to date information available at the time of collection (February 2010).

Projections were produced consistent with both published sets of population projections. The first of these incorporated development trajectories derived from the 2009 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment and the second is based on the development trajectories assumed for the London Plan. These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and were consistent with the available results from the 2001 Census.

Mid-year (30 June) estimates of the usual resident population for Westminster Parliamentary constituencies in England and Wales. Note: this page is no longer updated. Latest estimates, and all data for mid-2012 onwards, are available on the Nomis website.