Changing Lives of Older Couples (CLOC) is a large multi-wave prospective study of spousal bereavement. Face-to-face baseline interviews with married older adults in the Detroit, Michigan standardized metropolitan statistical area (SMSA) were conducted between June 1987 and April 1988, and follow-up interviews were conducted at six months (Wave 1), 18 months (Wave 2), and 48 months (Wave 3) after a spouse's death. Each widowed person was assigned a same-age, same-sex, same-race matched control from the baseline sample. Controls were interviewed again at each of the three follow-ups as well. Spousal loss was monitored using state-provided monthly death records and through daily obituaries from local area newspapers. The National Death Index (NDI) and direct ascertainment of death certificates were used to confirm all deaths. The primary strength of the CLOC study is its ability to measure spousal bereavement quantitatively. For this purpose a global grief scale and six grief subscales, unique to the CLOC study, were prepared. Depression was measured for all respondents with conceptualizations of depression at each wave, as well as major depressive episodes according to DSM-III-R criteria. Other survey questions focused on the social, psychological, and physical functioning of older adults (e.g., demographic, financial, housing, life events, social support, work and activities, marriage and family, religion, health and well-being). For a portion of the respondents (n = 432) in what was referred to as the MacBat study, various biomedical indicators (motor and cognitive, physiological, endocrinological and biochemical) were measured as well. The CLOC study has been subset into four primary datasets. The core, or Complete, dataset (Part 1) contains all available variables from all four waves of the study (Baseline, W1, W2, W3) for the entire sample of 1,532 persons (excluding clones, the 13 individuals who initially participated in a follow-up interview as control subjects, but who subsequently experienced spousal loss, and then entered the study as bereaved subjects). The Baseline Only dataset (Part 2) contains all variables collected at the baseline interview (V1-V957) for the entire sample of 1,532 persons (excluding clones). It also contains the baseline physiological variables (V20001-V20991) from the subsample of 432 persons who also participated in the baseline MacBat portion of the study. The Widowed-Controls Only datasets (Parts 3 and 4) contain all available data from anyone who participated as either a widowed person or a control subject in at least one of the three CLOC follow-up surveys (W1, W2, W3). This dataset is available with or without clones (n = 558 subjects including clones, and n= 545 excluding clones). The Couples Only dataset (Part 5) contains data collected from both the husband and the wife of 423 couples (n = 846) and includes all available data from all four waves of data collection (baseline, W1, W2, W3). Each record contains data for the wife (the "V" variables) and data for the husband (the "S" variables). A Clones Only dataset (Part 6) is also included for the advanced user and contains data for the 13 individuals identified as clones. A case-control matched design is recommended for analysis of the Clones Only data.

This dataset contains remotely sensed estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO2, via TROPOMI accessed via Google Earth Engine) for HOLC neighborhoods in 11 US Midwestern cities, and corresponding coarse geographic and demographic data of those cities. NO2 data is reported daily for the entire calendar year of 2019, geographic and demographic variables are fixed for each city for the entire year. Each HOLC-graded neighborhood included in this dataset was filtered to be greater than 2 km2. The number of pixels used to calculate the area-weighted mean of NO2 is also reported, as is the area of the neighborhood. The dataset has also been filtered for observations that did not pass quality filters for L3 TROPOMI data. The cities included in the study are: Chicago IL, Milwaukee WI, Saint Paul MN, Minneapolis MN, Indianapolis IN, Cleveland OH, Wichita KS, Greater Kansas City KS and MO, Columbus OH, Detroit MI, and Omaha NE. HOLC neighborhood shapefiles were obtained from the Mapping Inequality project website, hosted by the University of Richmond, and resulting polygons used in analysis were created by dissolving shared boundaries in Google Earth Engine. City populations and population density were obtained from the US 2010 Census data. All data was collected and organized to assess if current day NO2 levels varied with HOLC grades in these major cities.

Robert K. Nelson, LaDale Winling, Richard Marciano, Nathan Connolly, et al., “Mapping Inequality,” American Panorama, ed. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=5/39.1/-94.58&text=downloads

Dataset for all analyses presented in Hrycyna et al. Columns described below:

HOLC_grade: A, B, C, D (neighborhood grade categories obtained from Mapping Inequality project, indicate historic HOLC designations of neighborhoods).

HOLCAreaKm2: continuous area value in km2 of the HOLC neighborhood polygon, which may be more than one HOLC designated polygon merged from the shapefiles downloaded from Mapping Inequality.

pixelcount: integer values of the number of TROPOMI NO2 pixels used to produce the area-weighted mean NO2 value.

NO2_mol_m2: area-weighted mean value of TROPOMI NO2 for that HOLC neighborhood polygon in mol m-2

system.index: designated date and time boundary of the observation collected via TROPOMI

date: date of observation

month: month of observation

City: city in the US Midwest

State: state for the city of focus

Population: urban population obtained from 2010 census

PopDensity: urban population density obtained from 2010 census, based on modern city boundaries (in people per square miles)

CityArea_mi2: Area of the city of interest, in square miles.

ln_NO2: natural log transformed NO2 values in mol m-2

NO2_DU: NO2 value converted from mol m-2 to DU (Dobsons Units, converted by multiplying 2241.15)

NO2_lnDU: natural log transformed NO2 values in DU

Comment: We have submitted the manuscript to Elementa, where it is currently undergoing revisions. We will update references when the final DOI of the manuscript is available.