About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of United States by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for United States. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of United States by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in United States. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for United States.

Key observations

Largest age group (population): Male # 30-34 years (11.65 million) | Female # 30-34 years (11.41 million). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the United States population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the United States is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the United States is shown in the following column.
• Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in United States for each age group.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for United States Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

The total amount of data created, captured, copied, and consumed globally is forecast to increase rapidly, reaching *** zettabytes in 2024. Over the next five years up to 2028, global data creation is projected to grow to more than *** zettabytes. In 2020, the amount of data created and replicated reached a new high. The growth was higher than previously expected, caused by the increased demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as more people worked and learned from home and used home entertainment options more often. Storage capacity also growing Only a small percentage of this newly created data is kept though, as just * percent of the data produced and consumed in 2020 was saved and retained into 2021. In line with the strong growth of the data volume, the installed base of storage capacity is forecast to increase, growing at a compound annual growth rate of **** percent over the forecast period from 2020 to 2025. In 2020, the installed base of storage capacity reached *** zettabytes.

The number of Twitter users in the United States was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 4.3 million users (+5.32 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the Twitter user base is estimated to reach 85.08 million users and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the number of Twitter users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here regarding the platform twitter, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of Twitter users in countries like Canada and Mexico.

Key information about United States Monthly Earnings

• United States Monthly Earnings stood at 4,901 USD in Feb 2025, compared with the previous figure of 4,887 USD in Jan 2025
• US Monthly Earnings data is updated monthly, available from Mar 2006 to Feb 2025, with an average number of 3,469 USD
• The data reached the an all-time high of 4,901 USD in Feb 2025 and a record low of 2,743 USD in Mar 2006

• In the latest reports, US Population reached 341 million people in Dec 2024
• Unemployment Rate of US increased to 4 % in Feb 2025
• The country's Labour Force Participation Rate remained the same rate at 62 % in Feb 2025

Researchers in R&D (per million people) in United States was reported at 4825 in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Researchers in R&D (per million people) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The New York Times is releasing a series of data files with cumulative counts of coronavirus cases in the United States, at the state and county level, over time. We are compiling this time series data from state and local governments and health departments in an attempt to provide a complete record of the ongoing outbreak.

Since late January, The Times has tracked cases of coronavirus in real time as they were identified after testing. Because of the widespread shortage of testing, however, the data is necessarily limited in the picture it presents of the outbreak.

We have used this data to power our maps and reporting tracking the outbreak, and it is now being made available to the public in response to requests from researchers, scientists and government officials who would like access to the data to better understand the outbreak.

The data begins with the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020. We will publish regular updates to the data in this repository.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the detailed breakdown of the count of individuals within distinct income brackets, categorizing them by gender (men and women) and employment type - full-time (FT) and part-time (PT), offering valuable insights into the diverse income landscapes within United States. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based income distribution within the United States population, aiding in data analysis and decision-making..

Key observations

• Employment patterns: Within United States, among individuals aged 15 years and older with income, there were 120.93 million men and 118.44 million women in the workforce. Among them, 67.70 million men were engaged in full-time, year-round employment, while 51.47 million women were in full-time, year-round roles.
• Annual income under $24,999: Of the male population working full-time, 7.76% fell within the income range of under $24,999, while 11.43% of the female population working full-time was represented in the same income bracket.
• Annual income above $100,000: 27.43% of men in full-time roles earned incomes exceeding $100,000, while 17.09% of women in full-time positions earned within this income bracket.
• Refer to the research insights for more key observations on more income brackets ( Annual income under $24,999, Annual income between $25,000 and $49,999, Annual income between $50,000 and $74,999, Annual income between $75,000 and $99,999 and Annual income above $100,000) and employment types (full-time year-round and part-time)

https://i.neilsberg.com/ch/united-states-income-distribution-by-gender-and-employment-type.jpeg" alt="United States gender and employment-based income distribution analysis (Ages 15+)">

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2022 1-Year Estimates.

Income brackets:

• $1 to $2,499 or loss
• $2,500 to $4,999
• $5,000 to $7,499
• $7,500 to $9,999
• $10,000 to $12,499
• $12,500 to $14,999
• $15,000 to $17,499
• $17,500 to $19,999
• $20,000 to $22,499
• $22,500 to $24,999
• $25,000 to $29,999
• $30,000 to $34,999
• $35,000 to $39,999
• $40,000 to $44,999
• $45,000 to $49,999
• $50,000 to $54,999
• $55,000 to $64,999
• $65,000 to $74,999
• $75,000 to $99,999
• $100,000 or more

Variables / Data Columns

• Income Bracket: This column showcases 20 income brackets ranging from $1 to $100,000+..
• Full-Time Males: The count of males employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Males: The count of males employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket
• Full-Time Females: The count of females employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Females: The count of females employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for United States median household income by gender. You can refer the same here

Premium B2C Consumer Database - 269+ Million US Records

Supercharge your B2C marketing campaigns with comprehensive consumer database, featuring over 269 million verified US consumer records. Our 20+ year data expertise delivers higher quality and more extensive coverage than competitors.

Core Database Statistics

Consumer Records: Over 269 million

Email Addresses: Over 160 million (verified and deliverable)

Phone Numbers: Over 76 million (mobile and landline)

Mailing Addresses: Over 116,000,000 (NCOA processed)

Geographic Coverage: Complete US (all 50 states)

Compliance Status: CCPA compliant with consent management

Targeting Categories Available

Demographics: Age ranges, education levels, occupation types, household composition, marital status, presence of children, income brackets, and gender (where legally permitted)

Geographic: Nationwide, state-level, MSA (Metropolitan Service Area), zip code radius, city, county, and SCF range targeting options

Property & Dwelling: Home ownership status, estimated home value, years in residence, property type (single-family, condo, apartment), and dwelling characteristics

Financial Indicators: Income levels, investment activity, mortgage information, credit indicators, and wealth markers for premium audience targeting

Lifestyle & Interests: Purchase history, donation patterns, political preferences, health interests, recreational activities, and hobby-based targeting

Behavioral Data: Shopping preferences, brand affinities, online activity patterns, and purchase timing behaviors

Multi-Channel Campaign Applications

Deploy across all major marketing channels:

Email marketing and automation

Social media advertising

Search and display advertising (Google, YouTube)

Direct mail and print campaigns

Telemarketing and SMS campaigns

Programmatic advertising platforms

Data Quality & Sources

Our consumer data aggregates from multiple verified sources:

Public records and government databases

Opt-in subscription services and registrations

Purchase transaction data from retail partners

Survey participation and research studies

Online behavioral data (privacy compliant)

Technical Delivery Options

File Formats: CSV, Excel, JSON, XML formats available

Delivery Methods: Secure FTP, API integration, direct download

Processing: Real-time NCOA, email validation, phone verification

Custom Selections: 1,000+ selectable demographic and behavioral attributes

Minimum Orders: Flexible based on targeting complexity

Unique Value Propositions

Dual Spouse Targeting: Reach both household decision-makers for maximum impact

Cross-Platform Integration: Seamless deployment to major ad platforms

Real-Time Updates: Monthly data refreshes ensure maximum accuracy

Advanced Segmentation: Combine multiple targeting criteria for precision campaigns

Compliance Management: Built-in opt-out and suppression list management

Ideal Customer Profiles

E-commerce retailers seeking customer acquisition

Financial services companies targeting specific demographics

Healthcare organizations with compliant marketing needs

Automotive dealers and service providers

Home improvement and real estate professionals

Insurance companies and agents

Subscription services and SaaS providers

Performance Optimization Features

Lookalike Modeling: Create audiences similar to your best customers

Predictive Scoring: Identify high-value prospects using AI algorithms

Campaign Attribution: Track performance across multiple touchpoints

A/B Testing Support: Split audiences for campaign optimization

Suppression Management: Automatic opt-out and DNC compliance

Pricing & Volume Options

Flexible pricing structures accommodate businesses of all sizes:

Pay-per-record for small campaigns

Volume discounts for large deployments

Subscription models for ongoing campaigns

Custom enterprise pricing for high-volume users

Data Compliance & Privacy

VIA.tools maintains industry-leading compliance standards:

CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act) compliant

CAN-SPAM Act adherence for email marketing

TCPA compliance for phone and SMS campaigns

Regular privacy audits and data governance reviews

Transparent opt-out and data deletion processes

Getting Started

Our data specialists work with you to:

1. Define your target audience criteria

2. Recommend optimal data selections

3. Provide sample data for testing

4. Configure delivery methods and formats

5. Implement ongoing campaign optimization

Why We Lead the Industry

With over two decades of data industry experience, we combine extensive database coverage with advanced targeting capabilities. Our commitment to data quality, compliance, and customer success has made us the preferred choice for businesses seeking superior B2C marketing performance.

Contact our team to discuss your specific targeting requirements and receive custom pricing for your marketing objectives.

This data set includes cities in the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. These cities were collected from the 1970 National Atlas of the United States. Where applicable, U.S. Census Bureau codes for named populated places were associated with each name to allow additional information to be attached. The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) was also used as a source for additional information. This is a revised version of the December, 2003, data set.

This layer is sourced from maps.bts.dot.gov.

Groundwater wells are critical infrastructure that enable the monitoring, extraction, and use of groundwater, which has important implications for the environment, water security, and economic development. Despite the importance of wells, a unified database collecting and standardizing information on the characteristics and locations of these wells across the United States has been lacking. To bridge this gap, we have created a comprehensive database of groundwater well records collected from state and federal agencies, which we call the United States Groundwater Well Database (USGWD). Presented in both tabular form and as vector points, the USGWD comprises over 14.2 million well records with attributes such as well purpose, location, depth, and capacity for wells constructed as far back as 1763 to 2023. Rigorous cross-verification steps have been applied to ensure the accuracy of the data. The USGWD stands as a valuable tool for improving our understanding of how groundwater is accessed and managed across various regions and sectors within the United States.

Autoscraping's Zillow USA Real Estate Data is a comprehensive and meticulously curated dataset that covers over 10 million property listings across the United States. This data product is designed to meet the needs of professionals across various sectors, including real estate investment, market analysis, urban planning, and academic research. Our dataset is unique in its depth, accuracy, and timeliness, ensuring that users have access to the most relevant and actionable information available.

What Makes Our Data Unique? The uniqueness of our data lies in its extensive coverage and the precision of the information provided. Each property listing is enriched with detailed attributes, including but not limited to, full addresses, asking prices, property types, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, lot size, and Zillow’s proprietary value and rent estimates. This level of detail allows users to perform in-depth analyses, make informed decisions, and gain a competitive edge in their respective fields.

Furthermore, our data is continually updated to reflect the latest market conditions, ensuring that users always have access to current and accurate information. We prioritize data quality, and each entry is carefully validated to maintain a high standard of accuracy, making this dataset one of the most reliable on the market.

Data Sourcing: The data is sourced directly from Zillow, one of the most trusted names in the real estate industry. By leveraging Zillow’s extensive real estate database, Autoscraping ensures that users receive data that is not only comprehensive but also highly reliable. Our proprietary scraping technology ensures that data is extracted efficiently and without errors, preserving the integrity and accuracy of the original source. Additionally, we implement strict data processing and validation protocols to filter out any inconsistencies or outdated information, further enhancing the quality of the dataset.

Primary Use-Cases and Vertical Applications: Autoscraping's Zillow USA Real Estate Data is versatile and can be applied across a variety of use cases and industries:

Real Estate Investment: Investors can use this data to identify lucrative opportunities, analyze market trends, and compare property values across different regions. The detailed pricing and valuation data allow for comprehensive due diligence and risk assessment.

Market Analysis: Market researchers can leverage this dataset to track real estate trends, evaluate the performance of different property types, and assess the impact of economic factors on property values. The dataset’s nationwide coverage makes it ideal for both local and national market studies.

Urban Planning and Development: Urban planners and developers can use the data to identify growth areas, plan new developments, and assess the demand for different property types in various regions. The detailed location data is particularly valuable for site selection and zoning analysis.

Academic Research: Universities and research institutions can utilize this data for studies on housing markets, urbanization, and socioeconomic trends. The comprehensive nature of the dataset allows for a wide range of academic applications.

Integration with Our Broader Data Offering: Autoscraping's Zillow USA Real Estate Data is part of our broader data portfolio, which includes various datasets focused on real estate, market trends, and consumer behavior. This dataset can be seamlessly integrated with our other offerings to provide a more holistic view of the market. For example, combining this data with our consumer demographic datasets can offer insights into the relationship between property values and demographic trends.

By choosing Autoscraping's data products, you gain access to a suite of complementary datasets that can be tailored to meet your specific needs. Whether you’re looking to gain a comprehensive understanding of the real estate market, identify new investment opportunities, or conduct advanced research, our data offerings are designed to provide you with the insights you need.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Rhode Island population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Rhode Island across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Rhode Island was 1.1 million, a 0.19% increase year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Rhode Island population was 1.09 million, a decline of 0.30% compared to a population of 1.1 million in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Rhode Island increased by 45,355. In this period, the peak population was 1.1 million in the year 2021. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Rhode Island is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Rhode Island population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Rhode Island Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Money Supply M0 in the United States decreased to 5648600 USD Million in May from 5732900 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people) in United States was reported at 196554 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Our USA Point of Interest (POI) data supports various location intelligence projects and facilitates the development of precise mapping and navigation tools, location analysis, address validation, and much more. Gain access to highly accurate, clean, and USA scaled POI data featuring over 24 million verified locations across the United States of America. We have been providing this data to companies worldwide for 30 years.

• Develop mapping and navigation tools and software.
• Identify new areas and locations suitable for business development.
• Analyze the presence of competitors and nearby populations.
• Optimize routes to enhance delivery efficiency.
• Evaluate property values based on nearby infrastructure.
• Support disaster management by identifying high-risk areas.
• Promote your products and services using geotargeting strategies.

Our use cases demonstrate how our data has been beneficial and helped our customers in several key areas: 1. Gaining a Competitive Edge: Utilize point of interest (POI) data to analyze competitors, identify high-opportunity areas, and attract more customers. 2. Enhancing Customer Journeys: Leverage location intelligence to provide personalized, real-time recommendations that boost customer engagement. 3. Optimizing Store Expansion: Select the most profitable locations by analyzing foot traffic, demographics, and competitor insights. 4. Streamlining Deliveries: Improve fulfillment accuracy through address validation, reducing failed shipments and increasing customer satisfaction. 5. Driving Smarter Campaigns: Use geospatial insights to effectively target the right audiences, enhance outreach, and maximize campaign impact.

Household Saving Rate in the United States decreased to 4.50 percent in May from 4.90 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Personal Savings Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where urban development occurs in close proximity to wildland vegetation. We generated WUI maps for the conterminous U.S. using building point locations (Carlson et al. 2022), offering higher spatial resolution compared to previously developed WUI maps based on U.S. Census Bureau housing density data (Radeloff et al., 2017). Building point locations were obtained from a Microsoft product released in 2018, which classified building footprints based on high-resolution satellite imagery. Maps were also based on wildland vegetation mapped by the 2016 National Land Cover Dataset (Yang et al., 2018). The mapping algorithm utilized definitions of the WUI from the U.S. Federal Register (USDA & USDI, 2001) and Radeloff et al. (2005). According to these definitions, two classes of WUI were identified: 1) the intermix, where there is at least 50% vegetation cover surrounding buildings, and 2) the interface, where buildings are within 2.4 km ...

United States US: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million data was reported at 149,493,144.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 147,686,617.000 Person for 2016. United States US: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million data is updated yearly, averaging 103,208,971.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 149,493,144.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 69,978,587.000 Person in 1960. United States US: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in urban agglomerations of more than one million is the country's population living in metropolitan areas that in 2018 had a population of more than one million people.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; ;

Context:

On a typical day in the United States, police officers make more than 50,000 traffic stops. The Stanford Open Policing Project team is gathering, analyzing, and releasing records from millions of traffic stops by law enforcement agencies across the country. Their goal is to help researchers, journalists, and policymakers investigate and improve interactions between police and the public.

If you'd like to see data regarding other states, please go to https://www.kaggle.com/stanford-open-policing.

Content:

This dataset includes stop data from AZ, CO, CT, IA, MA, MD, MI and MO. Please see the data readme for the full details of the available fields.

Acknowledgements:

This dataset was kindly made available by the Stanford Open Policing Project. If you use it for a research publication, please cite their working paper: E. Pierson, C. Simoiu, J. Overgoor, S. Corbett-Davies, V. Ramachandran, C. Phillips, S. Goel. (2017) “A large-scale analysis of racial disparities in police stops across the United States”.

Inspiration:

• How predictable are the stop rates? Are there times and places that reliably generate stops?
• Concerns have been raised about jurisdictions using civil forfeiture as a funding mechanism rather than to properly fight drug trafficking. Can you identify any jurisdictions that may be exhibiting this behavior?

Higher education plays a critical role in driving an innovative economy by equipping students with knowledge and skills demanded by the workforce.While researchers and practitioners have developed data systems to track detailed occupational skills, such as those established by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), much less effort has been made to document which of these skills are being developed in higher education at a similar granularity.Here, we fill this gap by presenting Course-Skill Atlas -- a longitudinal dataset of skills inferred from over three million course syllabi taught at nearly three thousand U.S. higher education institutions. To construct Course-Skill Atlas, we apply natural language processing to quantify the alignment between course syllabi and detailed workplace activities (DWAs) used by the DOL to describe occupations. We then aggregate these alignment scores to create skill profiles for institutions and academic majors. Our dataset offers a large-scale representation of college education's role in preparing students for the labor market.Overall, Course-Skill Atlas can enable new research on the source of skills in the context of workforce development and provide actionable insights for shaping the future of higher education to meet evolving labor demands, especially in the face of new technologies.