As of April 2024, around 16.5 percent of global active Instagram users were men between the ages of 18 and 24 years. More than half of the global Instagram population worldwide was aged 34 years or younger.

              Teens and social media

              As one of the biggest social networks worldwide, Instagram is especially popular with teenagers. As of fall 2020, the photo-sharing app ranked third in terms of preferred social network among teenagers in the United States, second to Snapchat and TikTok. Instagram was one of the most influential advertising channels among female Gen Z users when making purchasing decisions. Teens report feeling more confident, popular, and better about themselves when using social media, and less lonely, depressed and anxious.
              Social media can have negative effects on teens, which is also much more pronounced on those with low emotional well-being. It was found that 35 percent of teenagers with low social-emotional well-being reported to have experienced cyber bullying when using social media, while in comparison only five percent of teenagers with high social-emotional well-being stated the same. As such, social media can have a big impact on already fragile states of mind.

More than 100 social media channels and statistics for the National Archives and Records Administration.

ABSTRACT

The Albero study analyzes the personal transitions of a cohort of high school students at the end of their studies. The data consist of (a) the longitudinal social network of the students, before (n = 69) and after (n = 57) finishing their studies; and (b) the longitudinal study of the personal networks of each of the participants in the research. The two observations of the complete social network are presented in two matrices in Excel format. For each respondent, two square matrices of 45 alters of their personal networks are provided, also in Excel format. For each respondent, both psychological sense of community and frequency of commuting is provided in a SAV file (SPSS). The database allows the combined analysis of social networks and personal networks of the same set of individuals.

INTRODUCTION

Ecological transitions are key moments in the life of an individual that occur as a result of a change of role or context. This is the case, for example, of the completion of high school studies, when young people start their university studies or try to enter the labor market. These transitions are turning points that carry a risk or an opportunity (Seidman & French, 2004). That is why they have received special attention in research and psychological practice, both from a developmental point of view and in the situational analysis of stress or in the implementation of preventive strategies.

The data we present in this article describe the ecological transition of a group of young people from Alcala de Guadaira, a town located about 16 kilometers from Seville. Specifically, in the “Albero” study we monitored the transition of a cohort of secondary school students at the end of the last pre-university academic year. It is a turning point in which most of them began a metropolitan lifestyle, with more displacements to the capital and a slight decrease in identification with the place of residence (Maya-Jariego, Holgado & Lubbers, 2018).

Normative transitions, such as the completion of studies, affect a group of individuals simultaneously, so they can be analyzed both individually and collectively. From an individual point of view, each student stops attending the institute, which is replaced by new interaction contexts. Consequently, the structure and composition of their personal networks are transformed. From a collective point of view, the network of friendships of the cohort of high school students enters into a gradual process of disintegration and fragmentation into subgroups (Maya-Jariego, Lubbers & Molina, 2019).

These two levels, individual and collective, were evaluated in the “Albero” study. One of the peculiarities of this database is that we combine the analysis of a complete social network with a survey of personal networks in the same set of individuals, with a longitudinal design before and after finishing high school. This allows combining the study of the multiple contexts in which each individual participates, assessed through the analysis of a sample of personal networks (Maya-Jariego, 2018), with the in-depth analysis of a specific context (the relationships between a promotion of students in the institute), through the analysis of the complete network of interactions. This potentially allows us to examine the covariation of the social network with the individual differences in the structure of personal networks.

PARTICIPANTS

The social network and personal networks of the students of the last two years of high school of an institute of Alcala de Guadaira (Seville) were analyzed. The longitudinal follow-up covered approximately a year and a half. The first wave was composed of 31 men (44.9%) and 38 women (55.1%) who live in Alcala de Guadaira, and who mostly expect to live in Alcala (36.2%) or in Seville (37.7%) in the future. In the second wave, information was obtained from 27 men (47.4%) and 30 women (52.6%).

DATE STRUCTURE AND ARCHIVES FORMAT

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

Social network

The file “Red_Social_t1.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 69 actors that gathers the relations of knowledge and friendship between the cohort of students of the last year of high school in the first observation. The file “Red_Social_t2.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 57 actors obtained 17 months after the first observation.

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

In order to generate each complete social network, the list of 77 students enrolled in the last year of high school was passed to the respondents, asking that in each case they indicate the type of relationship, according to the following values: 1, “his/her name sounds familiar"; 2, "I know him/her"; 3, "we talk from time to time"; 4, "we have good relationship"; and 5, "we are friends." The two resulting complete networks are represented in Figure 2. In the second observation, it is a comparatively less dense network, reflecting the gradual disintegration process that the student group has initiated.

Personal networks

Also in this case the information is organized in two observations. The compressed file “Redes_Personales_t1.csv” includes 69 folders, corresponding to personal networks. Each folder includes a valued matrix of 45 alters in CSV format. Likewise, in each case a graphic representation of the network obtained with Visone (Brandes and Wagner, 2004) is included. Relationship values range from 0 (do not know each other) to 2 (know each other very well).

Second, the compressed file “Redes_Personales_t2.csv” includes 57 folders, with the information equivalent to each respondent referred to the second observation, that is, 17 months after the first interview. The structure of the data is the same as in the first observation.

Sense of community and metropolitan displacements

The SPSS file “Albero.sav” collects the survey data, together with some information-summary of the network data related to each respondent. The 69 rows correspond to the 69 individuals interviewed, and the 118 columns to the variables related to each of them in T1 and T2, according to the following list:

• Socio-economic data.

• Data on habitual residence.

• Information on intercity journeys.

• Identity and sense of community.

• Personal network indicators.

• Social network indicators.

DATA ACCESS

Social networks and personal networks are available in CSV format. This allows its use directly with UCINET, Visone, Pajek or Gephi, among others, and they can be exported as Excel or text format files, to be used with other programs.

The visual representation of the personal networks of the respondents in both waves is available in the following album of the Graphic Gallery of Personal Networks on Flickr: <https://www.flickr.com/photos/25906481@N07/albums/72157667029974755>.

In previous work we analyzed the effects of personal networks on the longitudinal evolution of the socio-centric network. It also includes additional details about the instruments applied. In case of using the data, please quote the following reference:

• Maya-Jariego, I., Holgado, D. & Lubbers, M. J. (2018). Efectos de la estructura de las redes personales en la red sociocéntrica de una cohorte de estudiantes en transición de la enseñanza secundaria a la universidad. Universitas Psychologica, 17(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.eerp

The English version of this article can be downloaded from: https://tinyurl.com/yy9s2byl

CONCLUSION

The database of the “Albero” study allows us to explore the co-evolution of social networks and personal networks. In this way, we can examine the mutual dependence of individual trajectories and the structure of the relationships of the cohort of students as a whole. The complete social network corresponds to the same context of interaction: the secondary school. However, personal networks collect information from the different contexts in which the individual participates. The structural properties of personal networks may partly explain individual differences in the position of each student in the entire social network. In turn, the properties of the entire social network partly determine the structure of opportunities in which individual trajectories are displayed.

The longitudinal character and the combination of the personal networks of individuals with a common complete social network, make this database have unique characteristics. It may be of interest both for multi-level analysis and for the study of individual differences.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The fieldwork for this study was supported by the Complementary Actions of the Ministry of Education and Science (SEJ2005-25683), and was part of the project “Dynamics of actors and networks across levels: individuals,

Cristiano Ronaldo has one of the most popular Instagram accounts as of April 2024.

              The Portuguese footballer is the most-followed person on the photo sharing app platform with 628 million followers. Instagram's own account was ranked first with roughly 672 million followers.

              How popular is Instagram?

              Instagram is a photo-sharing social networking service that enables users to take pictures and edit them with filters. The platform allows users to post and share their images online and directly with their friends and followers on the social network. The cross-platform app reached one billion monthly active users in mid-2018. In 2020, there were over 114 million Instagram users in the United States and experts project this figure to surpass 127 million users in 2023.

              Who uses Instagram?

              Instagram audiences are predominantly young – recent data states that almost 60 percent of U.S. Instagram users are aged 34 years or younger. Fall 2020 data reveals that Instagram is also one of the most popular social media for teens and one of the social networks with the biggest reach among teens in the United States.

              Celebrity influencers on Instagram
              Many celebrities and athletes are brand spokespeople and generate additional income with social media advertising and sponsored content. Unsurprisingly, Ronaldo ranked first again, as the average media value of one of his Instagram posts was 985,441 U.S. dollars.

Properties of each network: number of users , number of directed links , reciprocity , number of feedback () loop , number of feedforward loops . The numbers of the three feedforward loops (, , ) are equal, because every loop from the perspective of the focal node constitutes a loop and a loop from the perspective of the another two nodes.

As of April 2024, it was found that men between the ages of 25 and 34 years made up Facebook largest audience, accounting for 18.4 percent of global users. Additionally, Facebook's second largest audience base could be found with men aged 18 to 24 years.

              Facebook connects the world

              Founded in 2004 and going public in 2012, Facebook is one of the biggest internet companies in the world with influence that goes beyond social media. It is widely considered as one of the Big Four tech companies, along with Google, Apple, and Amazon (all together known under the acronym GAFA). Facebook is the most popular social network worldwide and the company also owns three other billion-user properties: mobile messaging apps WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger,
              as well as photo-sharing app Instagram. Facebook usersThe vast majority of Facebook users connect to the social network via mobile devices. This is unsurprising, as Facebook has many users in mobile-first online markets. Currently, India ranks first in terms of Facebook audience size with 378 million users. The United States, Brazil, and Indonesia also all have more than 100 million Facebook users each.

56.8% of the world’s total population is active on social media.

Epinions social network

Dataset information

This is who-trust-whom online social network of a a general consumer review
site Epinions.com. Members of the site can decide whether to ''trust'' each
other. All the trust relationships interact and form the Web of Trust which is then combined with review ratings to determine which reviews are shown to the user.

Dataset statistics

Nodes 131828
Edges 841372
Nodes in largest WCC 119130 (0.904)
Edges in largest WCC 833695 (0.991)
Nodes in largest SCC 41441 (0.314)
Edges in largest SCC 693737 (0.825)
Average clustering coefficient 0.2424
Number of triangles 4910076
Fraction of closed triangles 0.08085
Diameter (longest shortest path) 14
90-percentile effective diameter 4.9

Source (citation)

J. Leskovec, D. Huttenlocher, J. Kleinberg: Signed Networks in Social Media.
28th ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), 2010.
http://cs.stanford.edu/people/jure/pubs/triads-chi10.pdf

Files
File Description
soc-sign-epinions.txt.gz Directed Epinions signed social network

This repository contains network graphs and network metadata from Moviegalaxies, a website providing network graph data from about 773 films (1915–2012). The data includes individual network graph data in Graph Exchange XML Format and descriptive statistics on measures such as clustering coefficient, degree, density, diameter, modularity, average path length, the total number of edges, and the total number of nodes.

The results might surprise you when looking at internet users that are active on social media in each country.

Social Media has become a part of our day-to-day routine, keeping users from across the world well-connected through digital platforms. With each passing year, social media is evolving at a rapid speed. With each passing year, the number of social media users is increasing at an immersive speed. Reports also suggest the number of social media users will reach a milestone of 5.85 billion in 2027.

In 2024, 62.6% of the world’s population will access social media, which clearly indicates the dominance of social media platforms in today’s world. In this article, we will examine social media statistics for 2024, uncovering monthly active users, daily time spent by users, most downloaded social media apps, etc.

Gain valuable insights with our comprehensive Social Media Dataset, designed to help businesses, marketers, and analysts track trends, monitor engagement, and optimize strategies. This dataset provides structured and reliable social media data from multiple platforms.

Dataset Features

User Profiles: Access public social media profiles, including usernames, bios, follower counts, engagement metrics, and more. Ideal for audience analysis, influencer marketing, and competitive research. Posts & Content: Extract posts, captions, hashtags, media (images/videos), timestamps, and engagement metrics such as likes, shares, and comments. Useful for trend analysis, sentiment tracking, and content strategy optimization. Comments & Interactions: Analyze user interactions, including replies, mentions, and discussions. This data helps brands understand audience sentiment and engagement patterns. Hashtag & Trend Tracking: Monitor trending hashtags, topics, and viral content across platforms to stay ahead of industry trends and consumer interests.

Customizable Subsets for Specific Needs Our Social Media Dataset is fully customizable, allowing you to filter data based on platform, region, keywords, engagement levels, or specific user profiles. Whether you need a broad dataset for market research or a focused subset for brand monitoring, we tailor the dataset to your needs.

Popular Use Cases

Brand Monitoring & Reputation Management: Track brand mentions, customer feedback, and sentiment analysis to manage online reputation effectively. Influencer Marketing & Audience Analysis: Identify key influencers, analyze engagement metrics, and optimize influencer partnerships. Competitive Intelligence: Monitor competitor activity, content performance, and audience engagement to refine marketing strategies. Market Research & Consumer Insights: Analyze social media trends, customer preferences, and emerging topics to inform business decisions. AI & Predictive Analytics: Leverage structured social media data for AI-driven trend forecasting, sentiment analysis, and automated content recommendations.

Whether you're tracking brand sentiment, analyzing audience engagement, or monitoring industry trends, our Social Media Dataset provides the structured data you need. Get started today and customize your dataset to fit your business objectives.

The number of social media users in the United States was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 26 million users (+8.55 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the social media user base is estimated to reach 330.07 million users and therefore a new peak in 2029. Notably, the number of social media users of was continuously increasing over the past years.The shown figures regarding social media users have been derived from survey data that has been processed to estimate missing demographics.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

This is a dataset of tweets by and about COVID-aware publics from the 'X' (Twitter) social media platform collected by the author. The dataset consists of 344 textual tweets regarding COVID-related material practices gathered during the research period Jan 2023 - Sep 2024, yet the dataset also includes tweets created before this date.The textual data has been rewritten to fully anonymise the people who made the tweets, and identifiable contexts have been removed. In addition, all date/time metadata and hashtags, as well as any attached images, have been removed. Square brackets have been used for editorial edits to obfuscate entities or add context to tweets. The dataset consists of a structured comma-separated text file that can be read in any spreadsheet software to maximise accessibility.The research dataset was created with Open university HREC approval: HREC/4557/Nold

Statistics of datasets from Epinions and Slashdot.

Gen Z and Millennials are the biggest social media users of all age groups.

Percentage of Internet users who have experienced selected personal effects in their life because of the Internet and the use of social networking websites or apps, during the past 12 months.

Summary statistics for the Flickr social network dataset [35]. This is a directed simple network. The numbers ∣V∣ and ∣E∣ are the total number of nodes and edges in the final network, respectively. Meanwhile, T is the number of observed time-steps, while Δ∣V∣ and Δ∣E∣ are the increments of nodes and edges after time t = 0, respectively. The value γ^ is the power-law exponent of the degree distribution of the final network [6].Summary statistics for the Flickr social network dataset.

Context

This dataset explores the relationship between digital behavior and mental well-being among 100,000 individuals. It records how much time people spend on screens, use of social media (including TikTok), and how these habits may influence their sleep, stress, and mood levels.

It includes six numerical features, all clean and ready for analysis, making it ideal for machine learning tasks like regression or classification. The data enables researchers and analysts to investigate how modern digital lifestyles may impact mental health indicators in measurable ways.

Dataset Applications

• Quantify how screen‑time, TikTok use, or multi‑platform engagement statistically relate to stress, sleep loss, and mood.
• Train regression or classification models that forecast stress level or mood score from real‑time digital‑usage metrics.
• Feed user‑specific data into recommender systems that suggest screen‑time caps or bedtime routines to improve mental health.
• Provide evidence for guidelines on youth screen‑time limits and platform moderation based on observed stress‑sleep trade‑offs.
• Serve as a teaching dataset for EDA, feature engineering, and model evaluation in data‑science or psychology curricula.
• Evaluate app interventions (e.g., screen‑time nudges) by comparing predicted versus actual post‑intervention stress or mood shifts.
• Cluster individuals into digital‑behavior personas (e.g., “heavy late‑night scrollers”) to tailor mental‑health resources.
• Generate synthetic time‑series scenarios (what‑if reductions in TikTok hours) to estimate downstream impacts on sleep and stress.
• Use engineered features (ratio of TikTok hours to total screen‑time, etc.) in broader wellbeing models that include diet or exercise data.
• Assess whether mental‑health prediction models remain accurate and unbiased across different screen‑time or platform‑use segments. # Column Descriptions
• screen_time_hours – Daily total screen usage in hours across all devices.
• social_media_platforms_used – Number of different social media platforms used per day.
• hours_on_TikTok – Time spent on TikTok daily, in hours.
• sleep_hours – Average number of sleep hours per night.
• stress_level – Stress intensity reported on a scale from 1 (low) to 10 (high).
• mood_score – Self-rated mood on a scale from 2 (poor) to 10 (excell # Inspiration This dataset was inspired by growing concerns about how screen time and social media affect mental health. It enables analysis of the links between digital habits, stress, sleep, and mood—encouraging data-driven solutions for healthier online behavior and emotional well-being. # Ethically Mined Data: This dataset has been ethically mined and synthetically generated without collecting any personally identifiable information. All values are artificial but statistically realistic, allowing safe use in academic, research, and public health projects while fully respecting user privacy and data ethics.

Social media platforms have become integral tools in the conduct of foreign policy for many nations, including India. This dataset serves as a resource for analyzing ‘Social Media and India’s Foreign Policy: The Case Study of ‘X’ Diplomacy during the Covid-19 Pandemic.’ The data were collected through a web-based questionnaire distributed primarily to people aged 18 – 61 and above in India. A total of 171 valid data were collected from 17 states offering extensive geographic coverage and stored in Mendeley. The 15 contributor states are Goa, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Delhi, Assam, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. It encompasses diverse question formats, including single-choice, multiple-choice, quizzes, and open-ended. The study underscores the opportunities and challenges of employing 'X' diplomacy in India's foreign policy. Thus, there were two hypotheses. First, India's effective use of 'X' diplomacy positively impacts public perception of India's foreign policy effectiveness. Second, India's adept use of 'X' diplomacy during the COVID-19 pandemic enhances its ability to manage and respond to the crisis effectively. This data shows public perception of the effective use of social media by the Government of India, particularly in the crisis situation. Data also highlight the significant change in India’s narrative through its ‘X’ diplomacy, effectively setting the narratives, public perceptions, and diplomatic strategies. This data can be fully utilized in the study of the significance of social media in India’s foreign policy, the role of social media like ‘X’ in the making of India’s foreign policy, how effective social media like ‘X’ was during the Covid-19 pandemic and how Indian government utilized social media like ‘X’ to delivered messages and to set the narrative in the international politics.