This dataset contains images of various plastic objects commonly found in everyday life. Each image is annotated with bounding boxes around the plastic items, allowing for object detection tasks in computer vision applications. With a diverse range of items such as milk packets, ketchup pouches, pens, plastic bottles, polythene bags, shampoo bottles and pouches, chips packets, cleaning spray bottles, handwash bottles, and more, this dataset offers rich training material for developing object detection models.

This dataset is collected by DataCluster Labs, India. To download the full dataset or to submit a request for your new data collection needs, please drop a mail to: sales@datacluster.ai

The dataset is an extremely challenging set of over 4000+ original Plastic object images captured and crowdsourced from over 1000+ urban and rural areas, where each image is ** manually reviewed and verified** by computer vision professionals at Datacluster Labs.

Optimized for Generative AI, Visual Question Answering, Image Classification, and LMM development, this dataset provides a strong basis for achieving robust model performance.

Dataset Features

• Dataset size: 4000+
• Captured by: Over 1000+ crowdsource contributors
• Resolution: 99.9% images HD and above (1920x1080 and above)
• Location: Captured across 500+ cities
• Diversity: Various lighting conditions like day, night, varied distances, different material view points etc.
• Device used: Captured using mobile phones in 2020-2022
• Usage: Plastic object detection, Recycling and waste management, Garbage segregation, Trash segregation, etc.

Available Annotation formats

COCO, YOLO, PASCAL-VOC, Tf-Record

The images in this dataset are exclusively owned by Data Cluster Labs and were not downloaded from the internet. To access a larger portion of the training dataset for research and commercial purposes, a license can be purchased. Contact us at sales@datacluster.ai Visit www.datacluster.ai to know more.

The overarching purpose of PPiPL is to fundamentally rethink consumer attitudes and behaviours around food plastic packaging. The data deposited rerpresents part of the data collected for the Consumer Insights work package of the PPiPL project, centred on the factors that influence consumer households’ consumption and disposal of plastic packaging. This includes the historical, economic, and culturally instituted factors that shape choices; and the material, social, and technical contexts where household interactions with packaging occur.The data deposited under ‘Consumer Insights: Micro Insights’ represents a part of the data collected for a broader three-year project. The aim of the three-year project overall was to acquire behavioural insights that will enable policymakers and industry professionals to bridge consumers’ attitude-behaviour gap in plastic packaging reduction. Taking the food sector as an exemplar, this research examined the whole packaging supply chain (from production, to consumption, post-consumption and waste disposal technologies and processes). As part of this project, the aim of the ‘Consumer Insights: Micro Insights’ research was to develop an in-depth understanding of consumers’ everyday experiences of food plastic packaging across personal and social contexts and their plastic-related knowledge. An ethnographic study was conducted, focusing on the food-related activities that take place in public and private settings (including the home, the workplace and food shopping environments). Within the scope of this research, we also explored consumers’ divestment of packaging after use, including disposal, reuse, and recycling behaviours. 27 households were recruited into an ethnographic study, using a range of complimentary methods: In-depth interviews, short interviews, using photo-elicitation, participant-observation and participant-produced diary entries (written and visual formats) Diary entries contain participants’ personal everyday experiences relating to food packaging. (This could include insights into their day, particular meals, food planning and preparation for the week ahead, preparing and serving dinner, grocery shopping, unpacking shopping at home, recordings of packaging that has been disposed of via the general waste/recycling bins, for instance.) Diary entries also include participant thoughts, feelings and observations that involve food and food packaging. When sampling households, we followed the Office of National Statistics’ (ONS) 2019 definition of a household as: One person living alone, or a group of people (not necessarily related) living at the same address who share cooking facilities and share a living room, sitting room or dining area. A household can consist of a single family, more than one family, or no families in the case of a group of unrelated people. Diversity and representation of different types of households was purposefully sought out with the only mandatory criterium for inclusion being that the Head of the household is is an adult (i.e. 18 yrs. old or older). Our sample included 1-person to 6-person households, varying in terms of household composition (e.g. people living alone, couples, or lone parents with 1-2 dependent/non-dependent children, student households, tenants in a multi-occupancy home) and household tenure (e.g. rented, student accommodation, own home/mortgage). Our participants also showed diversity in terms of age (ranging from 19- 60 years old), sex (20 females and 7 males) education (ranging from Higher National Diploma (HND), A-level and university-level qualifications), occupational area (e.g. education, business, communications, administration, science, environment, agriculture) and the frequency in which their food shopping was undertaken.

Use of single-use plastics by Canadian households.

Context

I have made this dataset on my own for a competition. After the competition, I decided to put the dataset on Kaggle. Because I think it can be helpful to some people.

Content

Solid waste dataset on black, orange, light green, dark green, grey background color. Photos were taken by Raspberry Pi Camera Module. Every color file has 3 files in it. These are glass, metal and plastic. I have named plastic photos with 0, metals with 1 and plastics with 2 for facilitating use in classification problems.

Inspiration

Dataset can be used in scientific research about the effects of color in ML or maybe in solid waste separator machines etc. I know it is not a professional job and I'm not an expert too. But I think it can be helpful to people who are working on this issue

The worldwide production of plastics reached ***** million metric tons in 2023. The versatility of this group of materials accounts for the continued growth in production year after year. In tandem with that growth, the market value of plastics also continues to grow. What plastics are and how they are made Plastics are used in a wide variety of products and have displaced other materials – such as wood, metal, and glass – that were previously used for the applications that plastics now dominate. One of the main applications for plastics use is plastic packaging. The production of plastic requires four basic steps: the acquirement of raw material, synthesizing a basic polymer, compounding the polymer into a usable fraction, and lastly, molding or shaping the plastic. Leading plastic producers Asia was the largest plastics producer in the world in 2023. That year, the country accounted for ** percent of global production. Over recent years, China produced an average of approximately **** million metric tons of plastic products each month. The rest of Asia ranks second worldwide in terms of plastic production, with a share of ** percent in 2023.

In order to reduce the number of plastic bags circulated, on the 5th of October 2015 England introduced a five pence (£0.05) fee to shoppers for each single-use plastic bag purchased from large retailers. Similar bag charges have been enacted in other countries, including in Wales and Scotland. The study examines people’s shopping attitudes and behaviours, views on the plastic bag charge and frequency of shopping bag use, and pro-environmental views and sustainable behaviours. The study comprises three independent investigations: 1) a longitudinal survey in England, Wales, and Scotland (final n = 1,203) conducted one month before, one month after, and six months after the English bag charge, 2) a longitudinal diary-interview study in England, Wales, and Scotland conducted one month before, and one month after the English bag charge, and 3) an observational field study of bag use in England and Wales in 2015 and in 2016. Additional information is available on the ESRC award website (see Related Resources). One of the greatest challenges of sustainable development is to find effective and acceptable policies that can foster meaningful and lasting behaviour change. While many people can be encouraged to recycle by providing adequate facilities, it is very difficult to change other waste-related habits. At the same time, governments have become less willing to introduce expensive regulation. Consequently there is great interest in low-cost, socially acceptable policies that help support behaviour change. The plastic bag charge (PBC) that is going to be introduced in England in October 2015 can be seen as such an instrument. Previous research has shown that PBCs are popular, easy to implement, and can successfully reduce plastic bag use (Convery et al. 2007; Poortinga et al. 2013). Some policy-makers hope that the benefits may go even further, in that changes to a relatively simple behaviour may lead to other, more ambitious changes (Defra 2008). The first behaviour change may serve as a 'foot in the door' to help establish experiences that may subsequently lead to other changes - also known as behavioural spillover (Thogersen; Crompton, 2009). This holds the promise that significant cost-effective changes can be made without burdensome regulation. Indeed, previous research conducted by the applicants found significant changes in environmental identity after a similar carrier bag charge was introduced in Wales in October 2011 (Poortinga et al. 2013). However, there is very little evidence of behavioural spillover in the environmental domain. The overall aim of the project is to generate high-quality field-experimental and qualitative evidence of lifestyle change and potential BSO resulting from the English PBC. The introduction of the English PBC is a unique opportunity to conduct this research, as it is a relatively simple instrument that aims to change a specific and common waste-related habit. However, little is known about the lifestyle impacts of a PBC. The observation that even small charges produce great changes, suggests that a PBC acts as a 'habit disruptor' that forces shoppers to rethink their plastic bag use, rather than as an economic instrument (Poortinga 2013). Furthermore, as 'bringing your own bag' is a highly visible and symbolic behaviour, it may change how people perceive themselves in terms of waste-consciousness. This then may lead to other waste-related behaviour changes. The project builds upon previous research of the applicants (Poortinga et al. 2013), but will expand the scale and depth of the study by conducting a mixed-method longitudinal programme of work, including (1) a novel field experiment, (2) a qualitative diary study, and (3) secondary data analyses, to examine in detail how effective a PBC can be; how it works; and whether it can produce behavioural spillover. It will use Wales and Scotland as comparators to allow the effects of the English PBC to be separated from other trends in carrier bag use and waste practices. Furthermore, the proposed project uses secondary data analysis and a behaviour mapping exercise to identify the most likely candidates for behavioural spillover. 1)Longitudinal survey data collected by Ipsos MORI online access panel, recruiting a representative quota of respondents from England, Wales, and Scotland based on national demographics. Survey administered online, with data collected in August 2015, November 2015, and April 2016. 2)Diary-interview data collected by Cardiff University, recruiting samples from England, Wales, and Scotland through a market research company. Respondents completed a 10-day diary cataloguing behaviour and attitudes, with 1-hour in-depth interview conducted and transcribed verbatim. Diary-interview procedures completed in August 2015 and November 2015. 3)Field observation data collected by Cardiff University, recording basic demographics and number/type of bags used by shoppers as they exited four separate stores in Cardiff and in Bristol in July 2015 and July 2016.

This data set aims to assess how far informal collectors facilitate waste separation and recycling in Greater Accra, how waste value varies along waste collection chains, and the challenges facing plastic and general waste collectors. It comprises the results of a questionnaire survey with 182 general waste collectors, plastic waste main collectors, and plastic waste sub-collectors in Greater Accra, Ghana. The waste collector questionnaire survey data set is part of a convergent parallel mixed methods study of plastic and general waste collectors and sub-collectors within Greater Accra, Ghana. In a separate qualitative component, focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with these groups, with a questionnaire survey of waste collectors and sub-collectors administered almost simultaneously. This data set was therefore generated by the cross-sectional questionnaire survey, which covers respondent demographics, business histories, volume and types of waste collected, waste processing, onward fate of waste collected, business finances and challenges faced.According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities. These interview data were collected via questionnaire through a cross-sectional sample survey of waste collectors, which formed the quantitative component of a parallel convergent mixed methods study. One hundred eighty-two waste collectors were sampled across the selected EAs in Greater Accra, Ghana. Respondents nominated for interview were invited via phone to a church community centre close to the recycling plant where a Plastic Waste Collectors’ Association operates. Following seeking informed consent, a questionnaire was administered via SurveyCTO to cover volumes and types of waste collected, neighbourhoods served, business histories and finances, and barriers to waste collection expansion.

Here are a few use cases for this project:

1. Recycling Approach Augmentation: This system could be used in recycling facilities to automatize the process of sorting the different types of waste. It would automate the sorting process, leading to increased efficiency and reduced human labor.

2. Environmental Protection Projects: Organizations working on environmental conservation could use this model to identify the concentration and types of waste dumped in different areas. This could help them develop targeted cleanup efforts and strategy.

3. Smart Bins: Utilizing this model, a 'smart bin' system can be developed which sorts trash into appropriate sections (plastic, biodegradable, glass, metal) for users, making recycling much easier and more convenient for everyday people.

4. Municipal Waste Management: City administrations can use the model in their waste management processing units to quickly sort through the city's waste, effectively separating recyclable materials from general waste.

5. Educational Purpose: It can be used as a tool for teaching individuals, specifically children, about waste classification and the importance of recycling. They can interactively learn to identify and sort waste correctly.

This qualitative data set comprises transcripts from focus group discussions with informal collectors of plastic and general waste in Greater Accra (Ghana). The study aims to determine the extent to which informal waste collectors facilitate waste separation and recycling in off-grid neighbourhoods in Greater Accra. It also aimed to assess the impact of recycled plastic prices and international policy initiatives on businesses in the water sachet recycling chain in Ghana, as well as other barriers to informal waste collector businesses. Though the study employed a convergent parallel design of informal waste collectors within Greater Accra, only the qualitative data (Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs)) are reported in this data set, and quantitative data will be archived separately, as will similar FGDs with waste collectors in Kisumu, Kenya. The sample size for the qualitative study was 60 participants. This comprised twenty-four (24) main collectors of plastic waste, twenty-four (24) sub-collectors of plastic waste and twelve (12) general waste collectors. Waste collectors who operate in the sample area of the Water and Waste project (i.e., 30 Enumeration Areas located in 14 districts of urban Greater Accra) were considered as the target population for the study. Six (6) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) [2 FGDs with main collectors only, 2 FGDs with sub-collectors only and 2 FGDs with general waste collectors] were organized to contextualize and explore the contributions of informal waste collectors to waste management and waste recycling in Ghana as well as barriers to informal waste management businesses. FGD topics covered business establishment, business history, waste collection operations, and enablers and barriers to waste collection. Each FGD comprised 6-12 participants. Informed consent was sought from participants before the commencement of data collection.According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities. Qualitative interviews; Six (6) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were organized to contextualize and explore the contributions of informal waste collectors to waste management and waste recycling in Ghana as well as barriers to waste management business among informal waste collectors in Ghana. Eligible participants (Main collectors, Sub-collectors General waste collectors) were selected within the target area of the Water and Waste project (i.e., 30 Enumeration Areas) located in 14 districts of Urban Greater Accra using a sampling frame.

Here are a few use cases for this project:

1. Smart Waste Management System: The Waste Segregation model can be used in smart waste bins or sorting machinery to automatically classify different types of waste products into the correct categories, improving waste management efficiency.

2. Recycling Industry Enhancement: Recycling process can be enhanced by automatically sorting different types of recyclable materials, for instance sorting Plastic, Paper, Cardboard and Glass separately, aiding in a more effective and cost-efficient recycling process.

3. Educational Tools for Eco Learning: The model can be utilized in an interactive educational app/tool that teaches users about waste segregation, how to recycle properly, and different types of waste materials.

4. Assisted-Living Applications: The model can be integrated into assisted-living or home-help robotics, to assist handicapped or elderly people with the segregation of waste at home.

5. Eco-Friendly Business Compliance: Companies may use this model to monitor and verify their waste management practices, ensuring their compliance with environmental regulations, and reducing human bias or error in sorting recyclable materials.

Many people enjoy fish. But are we truly eating fish or plastics? Imagine fishermen going to sea and return with baskets full of plastics instead of fish. That is becoming our sad reality due to over production and improper disposal of waste especially plastics. By 2050, it is estimated that, by weight, there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish (UN News, 2017). This problem has already begun in Ghana as fishermen were seen sorting plastics from fish in their nets in 2020. Plastics have emerged as one of the biggest pollutants in the world and is an issue of global concern because plastic pollution is claiming millions of lives and revenue annually.

This qualitative data set comprises transcripts from focus group discussions with informal collectors of plastic and general waste in Kisumu, Kenya. The study aims to determine the extent to which informal waste collectors facilitate waste separation and recycling in off-grid neighborhoods in Kisumu. It also aimed to assess the impact of recycled plastic prices and international policy initiatives on businesses in the water sachet recycling chain in Kisumu as well as other barriers to informal waste collector businesses. A similar set of FGDs with waste collectors in Greater Accra, Ghana, is archived separately. Specialist plastic waste collection businesses are almost non-existent in Kisumu, so the study recruited general (mixed) waste collectors at different points in the supply chain via a grassroots waste collectors’ association. A total sample of 32 collectors were identified via this route within Kisumu City. These were segmented into three broad groups: a) Waste Pickers, b) Intermediate Traders and finally, c) Apex Traders. The Waste Pickers were defined as informal enterprises that mostly pick wastes directly from the waste generation sites such as households, streets, or waste dumps. The intermediate Traders were defined as the relatively more formal enterprises collecting waste from the pickers, carrying out some level of processing and selling the processed waste to apex traders. The Apex traders were then defined as the more formal enterprises purchasing the wastes from the intermediate enterprises and then selling the waste to recycling industries, mostly located in Nairobi. Two focus group discussions were held with two groups of waste pickers and two groups of intermediate traders, with a single small group discussion then held with two apex traders. Focus and small group discussions consisted of open-ended questions on business establishment, business history, waste collection operations, and enablers and barriers to waste collection.According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities. Five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were organized to contextualize and explore the contributions of informal waste collectors to waste management and waste recycling in Kisumu, Kenya as well as barriers to waste management business among informal waste collectors. Eligible participants (intermediate collectors, Sub-collectors or waste pickers, and apex waste collection traders) were selected within the target area of the Water and Waste project (i.e., 30 Enumeration Areas, all meeting the UN-Habitat definition of a slum).

This dataset is associated with a study which aims to examine, through stakeholders consultation, the widely used definitions of four terms related to plastics sustainability: ‘bio-based plastics', ‘bioplastics’, ‘biodegradable plastics’ and ‘plastics recycling’ and to mitigate their potential ambiguity for diverse scientific communities and sectors of activity. For the three terms ‘bio-based plastics', ‘biodegradable’ and ‘recycling’, consolidated definitions were elaborated based on the feedback of online survey and analysis of the pro and con arguments given by face-to-face interviews with 18 experts followed by an online survey of 122 stakeholders. Acceptance of the consolidated definitions was higher than the official ones with an increase of acceptance from 43 to 81% for bio-based plastics, from 47 to 61% for biodegradable plastics, and from 28 to 60 % for plastics recycling. The terms ‘biodegradable’ and ‘recycling’ remain ambiguous even after consolidation of the definition.This highlights that more discussions are necessary to achieve a consensual and fair definition of such complex properties and mechanisms. In the term ‘Bioplastics’ the prefix ‘bio’, referring either to the origin of the resources or the end of life of the material, remains difficult to understand and we prefer to advise against its use, especially with non-expert people (e.g. consumers and the public at large), in favour of the use of ‘bio-based plastics’ or ‘biodegradable plastics’.

Macrolitter data collected by school children on riverbanks in several European countries in the period 2022-2024 for the Plastic Pirates – Go Europe! project. The data have been validated by experts of the Plastic Pirates partner institutes. Acknowledgement: These data have been collected by numerous school schildren and their teachers from primary and secondary schools. We would like to thank all of them for their valuable contributions. Over the years, countless people have contributed to the Plastic Pirates project. The concept for it is based on the citizen science projects Científicos de la Basura and Following the Pathways of Litter and has been continously developed by colleagues from Kiel Science Factory (Germany), the Científicos de la Basura at Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile), the Ecologic Institute (Germany) and the partner institutions of the Plastic Pirates - Go Europe! initiative. The design of the material was done by familie redlich AG, KOMPAKTMEDIEN, the Ecologic Institute and the DLR Project Management Agency (Germany). The data file contains data on the amount and variety of macrolitter items collected in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain during the autumn 2022, spring 2023, autumn 2023 and spring 2024 sampling campaigns of the project. The sampling methods used can be found in the Plastic Pirates project booklet (methods for group A, B and D): https://www.plastic-pirates.eu/en/material/download. Part of the data can also be seen on the Plastic Pirates website: https://www.plastic-pirates.eu/en/results/map

This data set comprises a questionnaire survey and results of microbiological water quality testing, which were conducted through a post-hoc impact evaluation study of the delegated management model (DMM) of water service delivery in the city of Kisumu, Kenya. Under DMM, a water utility passes on responsibility to a micro-enterprise or community group for local water service delivery within a low-income neighbourhood. The micro-enterprise or community group takes on the financial and operational management of water infrastructure within this local area. The aim of this study was to evaluate DMM’s impact on water safety among consumers of water sold by kiosks. The data set comprises questionnaires administered to water vendors, both kiosk operators and water hand-cart operators, within DMM areas and matched control areas within Kisumu. These questionnaires cover respondent socio-demographic characteristics, business finances, operation and water prices, water supply interruptions, treatment and storage facilities. Questionnaire interviews were also conducted with households purchasing water from these businesses. These questionnaires also cover socio-demographic and housing characteristics of these households, together with water prices, handling and treatment alongside sanitation, solid waste and hygiene provision. Water samples were taken from kiosks, hand-carts, pipelines, and from household stored water. The data set thus also includes microbiological (e.g. thermotolerant coliform) and chemico-physical parameters (e.g. free residual chlorine) for these water samples.According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities. The data were collected at a single time-point following implementation of Kisumu’s Delegated Management Model programme via a post-hoc impact evaluation study. Via random sampling, the study selected enumeration areas where water services were delivered through the Delegated Management Model together with matching control enumeration areas, also supplied with piped water but directly by the water utility. Questionnaire surveys were then administered with water kiosk operators within these selected areas via computer-assisted interviews and water samples collected from each kiosk. Water vendors with handcarts and households purchasing water from selected kiosks were then recruited to the study. Questionnaire surveys were again administered to these respondents via computer-assisted interviews and samples taken of hand-cart water or water stored in the home. Barcode labels were used to track water samples, which were tested for residual free chlorine in situ using strip tests. Water samples were transported under ice to a laboratory, where membrane filtration was used to enumerate total and faecal coliforms in each sample.

This data set comprises the responses to a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of children's carers attending child health clinics at health facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana and Kisumu, Kenya. The study was designed to identify differences in disposable diaper use by socio-economic status and entailed interviews with 200 children's carers attending four purposively selected health facilities in each city. Parents or carers of children aged up to 36 months attending clinics were first asked about their age, level of education and socio-economic characteristics, enabling patterns of nappy use to be explored across different population groups. The questionnaire also covered the gender and month of birth of children to facilitate assessment of the age of toilet training. The interviewer then asked about the age of the child, the way that the child's stools are disposed of, frequency of diaper use, brands used, and diaper disposal for the specific child attending the clinic.According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities. Data for this cross-sectional questionnaire survey were collected via quota sampling of carers of children aged up to 36 months attending purposively selected health facilities. The quota sample was designed to capture children aged up to 12 months, 12-23 months, and 24 months or over. Questionnaires were encoded via the SurveyCTO software onto tablets, and computer-assisted interviews conducted following the seeking of informed consent of respondents.

This qualitative data set comprises transcripts from focus group discussions (FGDs) with small-scale water service providers and their customers in Kisumu, Kenya. The study aims to assess the long-term sustainability, transferability and potential for scale-up of Kisumu’s Delegated Management Model (DMM) of water service delivery. DMM devolves responsibility for localized water service delivery from a utility to micro-enterprises or community-based organisations, known as Master Operators. This qualitative study was part of a sequential explanatory mixed methods study, particularly seeking explanations for patterns in water interruptions and pricing identified via an earlier questionnaire survey in the same communities. FGDs were conducted with two groups each of kiosk operators and water consumers in both DMM areas and matching control areas. Additionally, in DMM areas only, FGDs were also conducted with Master Operators. In total, this gave ten FGDs with an average of ten participants in each one. FGDs consisted of a series of open-ended questions that examined potential barriers to sustainability and scale-up, possible drivers of issues such as water pricing and supply interruptions, as well as the scheme’s potential to be applied to delivery of other services, such as wastewater or solid waste collection. FGDs were audio-recorded, then transcribed, translated in some parts from Dholuo or Kiswahili into English, and anonymized prior to being made available as this data set.According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities.

The data package contains a collection of images depicting various outdoor and structured environments involving black plastic containers, plant growth systems, and scientific or agricultural setups. Key elements include large cylindrical or rectangular black plastic tubs filled with soil, water, or mixed organic matter, often containing small plants, weeds, or aquatic vegetation. Many images show grid-like arrangements of containers, suggesting controlled experiments or cultivation systems. Common features include PVC pipes, irrigation components, sensors, and blue plastic jerrycans, indicating hydroponic, hydrological, or research applications. Some scenes depict people interacting with the setups—such as tending to plants, handling equipment, or working in research environments—while others focus on the infrastructure itself, like metal frameworks, concrete surfaces, and outdoor courtyards. The contexts range from botanical gardens and hydroponic farms to industrial or academic research facilities, with varying lighting conditions and seasonal elements like fallen leaves or autumn foliage. The imagery emphasizes a blend of natural growth and engineered systems, often highlighting organized, systematic approaches to plant cultivation or environmental studies. This description was AI-generated on 13 May 2025 09:10

The U.S. can safely claim the title for most plastic surgeries. Americans had 90,992 plastic surgery operations, followed not so closely by Mexicans with 52,956. Also included in this dataset are per capita statistics, where Switzerland comes out on top with 215 surgeries per 100,000 people. Source: NationMaster.com http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_pla_sur_pro_percap-plastic-surgery-procedures-per-capita Accessed 11.13.07 Original data was found at International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.

Since 2009, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety has conducted a representative population survey on the attitude of the German population towards nature and biodiversity every two years. The survey determines the population´s understanding of nature, how nature is perceived and experienced, what willingness there is to commit to nature conservation and how current issues of nature conservation policy are assessed. In 2017, Ipsos GmbH was responsible for conducting the face-to-face study in cooperation with SINUS Markt- und Sozialforschung GmbH. Marine nature: Associations with the topic of marine nature; agreement with statements about marine nature reserves (fishing should not take place in marine nature reserves, voluntary arrangements with fishermen in marine nature reserves are better than government regulations, oil and gas pipelines have no place in marine nature reserves, more marine nature reserves should be established to preserve nature in the sea, no wind turbines should be located in marine nature reserves); State of knowledge about the establishment of six large nature reserves in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea; importance of such nature reserves in the North Sea and Baltic Sea; assessment of the problematic nature of various aspects for the sea (plastic waste in the sea, pollution by oil, overfishing, underwater noise, e.g. from ships or drilling in the sea, radioactive waste, fertilisers and sewage, rising sea levels, loss of animal and plant species in the sea, bycatch, fishing methods that are harmful to nature such as trawl nets, extraction of mineral resources such as sand, gravel and minerals, loss of coral reefs and other habitats in the sea); frequency of consumption of fish; interest in information about the origin and catch conditions of fish for consumption that is compatible with nature and the environment; agreement with statements on the subject of fishing (I eat little fish in order to make a personal contribution to the conservation and protection of fish stocks, I consider the labelling of fish products from nature-friendly fishing to be very important, I would like to be able to rely on the trade not offering fish products from endangered species, in order for fisheries to do more for marine nature conservation, the state should support them more financially, even if this costs tax money, in order for fisheries to do more for marine nature conservation, stricter rules and laws are needed, even if this would increase fish prices, when I eat sea fish, I make sure that it is not from endangered species); knowledge of the MSC label for sustainable fisheries; correct description of the meaning of the MSC label. 2. Biological diversity: awareness of the term biological diversity; meaning of the term biological diversity (open); convinced that biological diversity on earth is decreasing; conservation of biological diversity as a priority social task; willingness to do various things to protect biological diversity (change the brand of cosmetics or drugstore articles if their production endangers biological diversity, donate to the maintenance and conservation of a nature reserve, actively participate in a nature conservation association, use a guidebook when shopping that e.g. informs about endangered fish species, make friends and acquaintances aware of the protection of biological diversity, inform about current developments in the field of biological diversity); attitude towards biologicial diversity (Scale: personally felt responsibility for the conservation of biological diversity, demand for a reduction in the use of land for settlements, industry and transport routes, promotes well-being and quality of life, financial support for the efforts of poorer countries to conserve biological diversity by richer countries, personally felt impairment by declining biological diversity). 3. Nature and nature conservation: attitude towards nature and nature conservation in general (it makes me happy to be in nature, I don´t feel good in nature, I am annoyed by the careless way many people treat nature, nature conservation as a human duty, nature must not stand in the way of economic development, we must only use nature in such a way that this is also possible to the same extent for future generations, in times of economic crisis nature conservation must also manage with less money, contact with nature is important for children´s development). 4. Genetic engineering: importance of banning genetically modified organisms in agriculture; attitude towards genetic engineering in agriculture (scale: humans have no right to deliberately genetically modify plants and animals, demand for labelling of genetically modified food, possible effects on nature should always be investigated when plants are deliberately genetically modified, have no problems with eating genetically modified food, genetic engineering as an important component in combating world hunger). 5. Energy transition: Advocacy of the energy transition. 6. Psychological foundation of the human-nature relationship: nature conservation identity on a regional and global level. The sample was randomly divided into two groups (split-half). Half of the subjects each answered the questions of questionnaire version I (global identity) and questionnaire version II (regional identity). 7. Experiment Collective vs. personal contribution to nature conservation: The sample is randomly divided into three groups, one third each answer the questions of questionnaire version A (collective nature conservation), questionnaire version B (personal nature conservation) and questionnaire version C (neutral group): Attitudes towards the topic of plastic waste with regard to intentions (I will do without many plastic products in the future, even if it hurts, within the next four weeks I will think concretely about how I can avoid plastic in my household) and behavioural intention (willingness to support an initiative to avoid plastic in the household through one´s own cooperation and interview time in minutes for which the respondent would be available free of charge); agreement to further statements on the topic of plastic waste: by avoiding plastic waste as an individual, I can noticeably improve the state of nature; a clear majority of people in Germany think it is important to avoid plastic waste and are willing to do something about it; by avoiding plastic waste together, we can noticeably improve the state of nature; avoiding plastic waste is more of a collective task for all people in Germany than for the individual. Demography: sex; age; nationality German; other nationality mentioned; marital status; living situation; employment status; occupation if not employed; occupational status; education: school or university degree; completed apprenticeship; religiosity; religion or denomination; household size; number of children under 18 in the household; total number of children; personal net monthly income (grouped); net household income (grouped); degree of urbanisation at the time of childhood and adolescence and currently; agreement with the statement that the questions of the questionnaire could be answered completely freely and without influence by the interviewer. Additionally coded were: federal state; city size category (BIK 5, 7 and 10 categories); weight; interviewer assessment of the persuasiveness of the behavioural tasks (assessment of nature conservation brochures or use of plastic waste in own household); doubts about the authenticity of the behavioural tasks by the respondents.