The world population surpassed eight billion people in 2022, having doubled from its figure less than 50 years previously. Looking forward, it is projected that the world population will reach nine billion in 2038, and 10 billion in 2060, but it will peak around 10.3 billion in the 2080s before it then goes into decline. Regional variations The global population has seen rapid growth since the early 1800s, due to advances in areas such as food production, healthcare, water safety, education, and infrastructure, however, these changes did not occur at a uniform time or pace across the world. Broadly speaking, the first regions to undergo their demographic transitions were Europe, North America, and Oceania, followed by Latin America and Asia (although Asia's development saw the greatest variation due to its size), while Africa was the last continent to undergo this transformation. Because of these differences, many so-called "advanced" countries are now experiencing population decline, particularly in Europe and East Asia, while the fastest population growth rates are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, the roughly two billion difference in population between now and the 2080s' peak will be found in Sub-Saharan Africa, which will rise from 1.2 billion to 3.2 billion in this time (although populations in other continents will also fluctuate). Changing projections The United Nations releases their World Population Prospects report every 1-2 years, and this is widely considered the foremost demographic dataset in the world. However, recent years have seen a notable decline in projections when the global population will peak, and at what number. Previous reports in the 2010s had suggested a peak of over 11 billion people, and that population growth would continue into the 2100s, however a sooner and shorter peak is now projected. Reasons for this include a more rapid population decline in East Asia and Europe, particularly China, as well as a prolongued development arc in Sub-Saharan Africa.

In the past four centuries, the population of the United States has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 331 million people in 2020. The pre-colonization populations of the indigenous peoples of the Americas have proven difficult for historians to estimate, as their numbers decreased rapidly following the introduction of European diseases (namely smallpox, plague and influenza). Native Americans were also omitted from most censuses conducted before the twentieth century, therefore the actual population of what we now know as the United States would have been much higher than the official census data from before 1800, but it is unclear by how much. Population growth in the colonies throughout the eighteenth century has primarily been attributed to migration from the British Isles and the Transatlantic slave trade; however it is also difficult to assert the ethnic-makeup of the population in these years as accurate migration records were not kept until after the 1820s, at which point the importation of slaves had also been illegalized. Nineteenth century In the year 1800, it is estimated that the population across the present-day United States was around six million people, with the population in the 16 admitted states numbering at 5.3 million. Migration to the United States began to happen on a large scale in the mid-nineteenth century, with the first major waves coming from Ireland, Britain and Germany. In some aspects, this wave of mass migration balanced out the demographic impacts of the American Civil War, which was the deadliest war in U.S. history with approximately 620 thousand fatalities between 1861 and 1865. The civil war also resulted in the emancipation of around four million slaves across the south; many of whose ancestors would take part in the Great Northern Migration in the early 1900s, which saw around six million black Americans migrate away from the south in one of the largest demographic shifts in U.S. history. By the end of the nineteenth century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily throughout the past 120 years, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. In the past century, the U.S. established itself as a global superpower, with the world's largest economy (by nominal GDP) and most powerful military. Involvement in foreign wars has resulted in over 620,000 further U.S. fatalities since the Civil War, and migration fell drastically during the World Wars and Great Depression; however the population continuously grew in these years as the total fertility rate remained above two births per woman, and life expectancy increased (except during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918).

Since the Second World War, Latin America has replaced Europe as the most common point of origin for migrants, with Hispanic populations growing rapidly across the south and border states. Because of this, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites, which has been the most dominant ethnicity in the U.S. since records began, has dropped more rapidly in recent decades. Ethnic minorities also have a much higher birth rate than non-Hispanic whites, further contributing to this decline, and the share of non-Hispanic whites is expected to fall below fifty percent of the U.S. population by the mid-2000s. In 2020, the United States has the third-largest population in the world (after China and India), and the population is expected to reach four hundred million in the 2050s.

The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, and reach eight billion in 2023, and will peak at almost 11 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two thirds of the world's population live in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a decade later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.

In 2023, there were about 72.7 million Millennials estimated to be living in the United States, making them the largest generation group in the country. In comparison, there were 69.31 million Gen Z and 65.35 million Gen X estimated to be in the United States in that year.

Abstract

The KHDS 2010 was designed to provide data to understand changes in living standards of the sample of individuals originally interviewed 16-19 years ago. The KHDS 2010 attempted to re-interview all respondents ever interviewed in the KHDS 91-94 – irrespective of whether the respondent had moved out of the original village, region, or country, or was residing in a new household.

Geographic coverage

Kagera region of Tanzania

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The KHDS attempts to re-interview all respondents interviewed in the original KHDS 1991-1994, irrespective of whether the respondent had moved out of the original village, region or country or was residing in a new household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

KHDS 1991-1994 Household Sample: First Stage

The KHDS 91-94 household sample was drawn in two stages, with stratification based on geography in the first stage and mortality risk in both stages. A more detailed overview of the sampling procedures is outlined in "User's Guide to the Kagera Health and Development Survey Datasets." (World Bank, 2004).

In the first stage of selecting the sample, the 550 primary sampling units (PSUs) in Kagera region were classified according to eight strata defined over four agronomic zones and, within each zone, the level of adult mortality (high and low). A PSU is a geographical area delineated by the 1988 Tanzanian Census that usually corresponds to a community or, in the case of a town, to a neighbourhood. Enumeration areas of households were drawn randomly from the PSUs in each stratum, with a probability of selection proportional to the size of the PSU.

Within each agronomic zone, PSUs were classified according to the level of adult mortality. The 1988 Tanzanian Census asked a 15 percent sample of households about recent adult deaths. Those answers were aggregated at the level of the "ward", which is an administrative area that is smaller than a district. The adult mortality rate (ages 15-50) was calculated for each ward and each PSU was assigned the mortality rate of its ward.

Because the adult mortality rates were much higher in some zones than others and the distribution was quite different within zones, "high" and "low" mortality PSUs were defined relative to other PSUs within the same zone. A PSU was allocated to the "high" mortality category if its ward adult mortality rate was at the 90th percentile or higher of the ward adult mortality rates within a given agronomic zone.

The KHDS 91-94 selected 51 communities as primary sampling units (also referred to as enumeration areas or clusters). In actuality, two pairs of enumeration areas were within the same community (in the sense of collecting community data on infrastructure, prices or schools). Thus, for community-level surveys, there are 49 areas to interview.

KHDS 1991-1994 Household Sample: Second Stage

The household selection at the second stage (with enumeration areas) was a stratified random sample, where households which were expected to experience an adult death were oversampled. In order to stratify the population, an enumeration of all households was undertaken.

Between March 15 and June 13, 1991, 29,602 households were enumerated in the 51 areas. In addition to recording the name of the head of each household, the number of adults in the household (15 and older), and the number of children, the enumeration form asked:

1. Are any adults in this household ill at this moment and unable to work? If so, the age of the sick adult and the number of weeks he/she has been too sick to work were also noted.
2. Has any adult 15-50 in this household died in the past 12 months? If so, the age of each adult and the cause of death (illness, accident, childbirth, other) were also noted.

The enumeration form asked explicitly about illness and death of adults between the ages of 15-50 because this is the age group disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic; it is the impact of these deaths that was of research interest. Out of over 29,000 households enumerated, only 3.7 percent, or 1,101, had experienced the death of an adult aged 15-50 caused by illness during the 12 months before the interview and only 3.9 percent, or 1,145, contained a prime-age adult too sick to work at the time of the interview. Only 77 households had both an adult death due to illness and a sick adult. This supports the point that, even with some stratification based on community mortality rates and in an area with very high adult mortality caused by an AIDS epidemic, a very large sample would have had to have been selected to ensure a sufficient number of households that would experience an adult death during the two-year survey.

Using data from the enumeration survey, households were stratified according to the extent of adult illness and mortality. It was assumed that in communities suffering from an HIV epidemic, a history of prior adult death or illness in a household might predict future adult deaths in the same household. The households in each enumeration area were classified into two groups, based on their response to the enumeration:

1. Sick" households: Those that had either an adult death (aged 15-50) due to illness in the past 12 months, an adult too sick to work at the time of the survey, or both (n=2,169).
2. "Well" households: Those that had neither an adult death (aged 15-50) due to illness nor an adult (aged 15-50) too sick to work (n=27,433).

In selecting the sixteen households to be interviewed in each enumeration area, fourteen were selected at random from the "sick" households in that enumeration area and two were selected at random from the "well" households. In one enumeration area, where the number of "sick" households available was less than fourteen, all available sick households were included in the sample; the numbers were balanced using well households. The final sample drawn for the first passage consisted of 816 households in 51 enumeration areas.

KHDS 2004 and 2010 Household Samples

The sampling strategy in KHDS 2004 and KHDS 2010 was to re-interview all individuals who were household members in any wave of the KHDS 91-94, a total of 6,353 people. The Household Questionnaire was administered in the household in which these PHHMs lived. If a household member was alive during the last interview in 1991-1994, but found to be deceased by the time of the fieldwork in 2004 and 2010 then the information about the deceased was collected in the Mortality Questionnaire. The next sections provide statistics of the KHDS 2004 and 2010 households.

KHDS 2004 Households

Although the KHDS is a panel of individuals and the concept of a household after 10-19 years is a vague notion, it is common in panel surveys to consider re-contact rates in terms of households. Table 4 shows the rate of re-contact of the baseline households in KHDS 2004, where a re-contact is defined as having interviewed at least one person from the household. In this case, the term household is defined by the baseline KHDS survey which spans a period of 2.5 years. Due to movements in and out of the household, some household members may have not, in fact, lived together in the household at the same time in the 1991-1994 waves (for example, consider one sibling of the household head moving into the household for one year and then moving out, followed by another sibling moving into the household).

Excluding households in which all previous members are deceased (17 households and 27 respondents), the KHDS 2004 field team managed to re-contact 93 percent of the baseline households. Not all 915 households received four interviews. Unsurprisingly, households that were in the baseline survey for all four waves had the highest probability of being reinterviewed. Of these 746 households, 96 percent were re-interviewed.

Turning to re-contact rates of the sample of 6,353 respondents, Table 5 shows the status of the respondents by age group (based on their age at first interview in the 1991-1994 waves). Reinterview rates are monotonically decreasing with age, although the reasons (deceased or not located) vary by age group. The older respondents were much more likely to be located if alive. Among the youngest respondents, over three-quarter were successfully re-interviewed. Excluding people who died, 82 percent of all respondents were re-interviewed.

KHDS 2010 Households

The re-contact rates in the KHDS 2010 are in line with the ones achieved in KHDS 2004. Table 4 of the Basic Information Document shows the KHDS 2010 re-contacting rates in terms of the baseline households. Excluding the households in which all PHHMs were deceased, 92 percent of the households were recontacted.

As in KHDS 2004, households that were interviewed four times at the baseline were more likely to be found in 2010. Excluding the households in which all members had died, 95 percent of these households were re-interviewed in 2010.

The KHDS 2010 re-contact rates in terms of panel respondents are provided in Table 5 of the Basic Information Document. As in 2004, the older respondents, if alive, were much more likely to be re-contacted than younger respondents. In the oldest age category, 60 years and older at the baseline, the interview teams managed to re-contact almost 98 percent of all survivors. The length of the KHDS survey starts to be seen in this age category however, as almost three quarters of the respondents had passed away by 2010.

Table 6 of the Basic Information Document provides the KHDS 2010 re-contact rates by location. More than 50 percent of the reinterviewed panel respondents were located in the same community as in KHDS 91-94. Nearly 14 percent of the re-contacted respondents were found from

This dataset is the result of the health extension workers (HEW) survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of health extension workers (HEW), 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a volunteer community health promoters (VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. Three types of health staff questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) were applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. In the Health Extension Program (HEP), the key frontline health workers (FHWs) are the health extension workers (HEWs). The health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire (along with the other two health workers questionnaires (VCHP and supervisors)) aimed at assessing three major issues: 1) frequency of interactions between health staff and caregivers, and avenues for these interactions; 2) content of the discussion between caregivers and health staff, and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; and 3) knowledge and training received by the health staff on IYCF. In addition, the frontline health worker questionnaires capture the organizational context within which FHWs deliver their interventions. These are captured by inclusion of questions on perceptions related to their workload and their level of satisfaction with their overall job. This is particularly important to capture volunteer workers who receive no salary.

Over the past 23 years, there were constantly more men than women living on the planet. Of the 8.06 billion people living on the Earth in 2023, 4.05 billion were men and 4.01 billion were women. One-quarter of the world's total population in 2024 was below 15 years.

Abstract

The Census is the official count of population, dwellings and households in Tonga and it provides a ‘snapshot’ of the country at one specific point in time: 30th of November 2011. A Tonga census has been taken once in every ten years since 1956. However the population census of 2011 is the first population census by 5 year interval from the previous census in 2006 due to the Electoral Boundary Commission (EBC)'s request according to its Act 2010.

The census provides a unique source of detailed demographic, social and economic data relating the entire population and its most precious resource of its people. This information is used for policy making and planning, monitoring and evaluation, research and other decision-making.

The census is often the primary source of information such as used for allocation of public funding, especially in areas such as health, education and social policy. The main users of this information are the government, local authorities, education facilities (such as schools and tertiary organizations), businesses, community organizations and the public in general.

Geographic coverage

National coverage: the 2011 Tonga Census of Population and Housing cover the whole of the Kingdom of Tonga, which includes every islands of the 5 divisions and in both urban and rural areas.

Analysis unit

Household and Individual.

Universe

The main objective of the census is to record the people in Tonga at one particular point in time, i.e. the night of Wednesday 30th November 2011 or exactly, the 30th November before it changes at midnight to 1st December. All persons alive in Tonga on Census night are to be included. Babies born before midnight on 30th November are to be included and persons who die before midnight on Census night are to be excluded.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

There is no sampling for the population census since it is a full enumeration.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the 2011 Tonga Census of Population and Housing were structured based on the one from 2006 Tonga Census of Population and Housing with some modifications and additions. There were mainly two questionnaires, one is the household questionnaire and the other is the personal questionnaire.

The household questionnaire was designed for each household to collect various information of the dwelling's characteristics, housing utilities and durable goods, household waste disposal, information technology, income, remittances and the mortality.

The personal questionnaire includes personal characteristics, migration, disability, smoking habit, education, labour and employment, voting eligibility, and fertility. Some questions has age restrictions like the education and qualification, literacy, smoking habits questions were ask to 5 years and older only. Labour, employment and fertility questions were for 15 years and older only. And the electoral vote questions were eligible only for 22 years and older e.g. for those that turned 21 in November 2010. This questionnaire is split into 3 categories and form 3 questionnaires: 1) Personal Questionnaire: for individual in a household 2) Questionnaire For Institution Tongan Residents: for resident in an institution 3) Personal Questionnaire For Institution Resident (Visitors/Foreigners): for visitor/ foreigner in an institution

All questionnaires were published in both English and Tongan and were both piloted as part of the survey pre-test.

All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources.

Cleaning operations

Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including: 1) Office editing and coding 2) Data entry 3) Structure and completeness checking 4) Verification entry 5) Comparison of verification data 6) Back up of raw data 7) Secondary editing 9) Edited data back up

The software used in processing the data was CSPro 4.1

This dataset is the result of the volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of HEWs, 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. Three types of health staff questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) were applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. In the Health Extension Program (HEP), the key frontline health workers (FHWs) are the health extension workers (HEWs). In addition to HEWs, HEP has invested in developing community volunteers known as Volunteer Community Health Promoters (VCHP), who are trained by HEWs. This volunteer position, although not directly a part of the health system, is nevertheless integral to providing essential health care at the community level. The volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) questionnaire, along with the other two health workers questionnaires (HEW and supervisors), aimed at assessing three major issues: 1) frequency of interactions between health staff and caregivers, and avenues for these interactions; 2) content of the discussion between caregivers and health staff, and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; and 3) knowledge and training received by the health staff on IYCF. In addition, the frontline health worker questionnaires capture the organizational context within which FHWs deliver their interventions. These are captured by inclusion of questions on perceptions related to their workload and their level of satisfaction with their overall job. This is particularly important to capture volunteer workers who receive no salary.

SWEOLD is a nationally representative survey of the older population in Sweden. The sample consists of individuals previously included in the selection of Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU), who have passed the LNU age ceiling of 75 years. The first survey was carried out in 1992. Further waves were conducted in 2002, 2004, 2010 and 2014. In 2004 and 2014, the survey included people who were aged 70 and older. A new survey wave will begin in 2021.

SWEOLD data is linked to the LNU, that has been conducted regularly since 1968. This longitudinal database thus provides the opportunity to follow individuals over a 50-year period. In addition to the panel sample, SWEOLD also comprises an additional representative sample of older women and men. As each wave of LNU and SWEOLD is nationally representative, the data can also be used for cross-sectional analyses.

The questionnaire covers a wide variety of areas of concern to elderly people, such as mobility and activities of daily living (ADL and IADL), as well as health, housing, economy, family, political resources and leisure activities. Various tests are included to measure the physical and cognitive ability of these individuals. Indirect interviews are used when a respondent is unable to participate in the interview directly due to physical or cognitive disabilities. Next of kin or professional caregivers are used as proxies.

The fifth SWEOLD study was conducted in 2014. The sample consisted of persons born in 1944 and earlier who had been in the sample of any of the previous Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU), and those in the additional sample for SWEOLD 2011 who were still alive. In total, the sample consisted of 1,539 persons and the response rate was 84.3% (n=1,297).

Similar to SWEOLD 2004, the interviews were carried out per telephone. In some cases, a postal questionnaire was used. Direct interviews were conducted with 87.3% of the respondents and 10.7% were proxy interviews with a close relative or care staff. ‘Mixed’ interviews were used with 2.0% of the respondents, where the respondent took part in the interview with the support from a relative or other close person.

SWEOLD is a nationally representative survey of the older population in Sweden. The sample consists of individuals previously included in the selection of Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU), who have passed the LNU age ceiling of 75 years. The first survey was carried out in 1992. Further waves were conducted in 2002, 2004, 2010 and 2014. In 2004 and 2014, the survey included people who were aged 70 and older. A new survey wave will begin in 2021. SWEOLD data is linked to the LNU, that has been conducted regularly since 1968. This longitudinal database thus provides the opportunity to follow individuals over a 50-year period. In addition to the panel sample, SWEOLD also comprises an additional representative sample of older women and men. As each wave of LNU and SWEOLD is nationally representative, the data can also be used for cross-sectional analyses. The questionnaire covers a wide variety of areas of concern to elderly people, such as mobility and activities of daily living (ADL and IADL), as well as health, housing, economy, family, political resources and leisure activities. Various tests are included to measure the physical and cognitive ability of these individuals. Indirect interviews are used when a respondent is unable to participate in the interview directly due to physical or cognitive disabilities. Next of kin or professional caregivers are used as proxies. The fifth SWEOLD study was conducted in 2014. The sample consisted of persons born in 1944 and earlier who had been in the sample of any of the previous Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU), and those in the additional sample for SWEOLD 2011 who were still alive. In total, the sample consisted of 1,539 persons and the response rate was 84.3% (n=1,297). Similar to SWEOLD 2004, the interviews were carried out per telephone. In some cases, a postal questionnaire was used. Direct interviews were conducted with 87.3% of the respondents and 10.7% were proxy interviews with a close relative or care staff. ‘Mixed’ interviews were used with 2.0% of the respondents, where the respondent took part in the interview with the support from a relative or other close person. SWEOLD är en riksrepresentativ undersökning av Sveriges äldre befolkning. Urvalet består av personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet i någon av levnadsnivåundersökningarna (LNU) men som har passerat den övre åldersgränsen på 75 år. Den första datainsamlingen genomfördes 1992 och följdes upp 2002, 2004, 2011 och 2014. År 2004 och 2014 omfattade undersökningen personer som var 70 år och äldre. En ny datainsamling inleds under 2021. SWEOLD är länkad till LNU som har genomförts regelbundet sedan 1968. Denna longitudinella databas erbjuder således möjlighet att följa personer över en 50-årsperiod. Utöver panelurvalet är SWEOLD också kompletterat med ett extra representativt urval av äldre kvinnor och män. I och med att LNU och SWEOLD är nationellt representativt vid varje intervjuomgång kan datamaterialen även användas för tvärsnittsanalyser. SWEOLD innehåller information om de äldres faktiska levnadsförhållanden inom en rad områden som är centrala för äldre människors liv, t.ex. hälsa, vård och omsorg, ekonomi, boende, sysselsättning och vardagliga aktiviteter. En rad enkla tester ingår för att mäta fysisk och kognitiv förmåga. Indirekta intervjuer används i de fall den äldre på grund av fysisk eller kognitiv oförmåga inte kan delta själv. De indirekta intervjuerna genomförs i första hand med en nära anhörig eller vårdpersonal med kunskaper om den äldre personen. Den femte SWEOLD-undersökningen genomfördes år 2014. Urvalet bestod av personer födda år 1944 och tidigare och som ingått i urvalet i någon av de tidigare levnadsnivåundersökningarna (LNU), samt de personer i extraurvalet för SWEOLD 2011 som fortfarande var i livet. Totalt sett bestod urvalet av 1539 personer och svarsfrekvensen var 84,3% (n=1297). I likhet med SWEOLD 2004 genomfördes intervjuerna per telefon. I vissa fall skickades frågeformuläret ut i form av en postenkät. Direkta intervjuer genomfördes med 87,3% av respondenterna och 10,7% var indirekta intervjuer med någon nära anhörig eller vårdpersonal. För 2,0% av respondenterna genomfördes så kallade mixade intervjuer, där respondenten själv medverkade men hade stöd av en anhörig eller annan närstående under intervjun. The sample has varied slightly between the survey years. The sample for each year is specified below. 1992: Those who previously had been interviewed at least once in the Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU), and were aged 77 and older. 2002: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 76 and older. 2004: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 69 and older. 2011: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 76 and older. There was also an additional representative sample of people who were 85–99 years old. 2014: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 70 and older. The survivors from the additional sample drawn in 2011 were also included in the 2014 survey.The sample has varied slightly between the survey years. The sample for each year is specified below. 1992: Those who previously had been interviewed at least once in the Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU), and were aged 77 and older. 2002: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 76 and older. 2004: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 69 and older. 2011: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 76 and older. There was also an additional representative sample of people who were 85–99 years old. 2014: Those who had been included in the sample of any of the previous LNU studies, and were aged 70 and older. The survivors from the additional sample drawn in 2011 were also included in the 2014 survey. Urvalet har varierat något mellan undersökningsåren. Urvalet för varje år specificeras nedan. 1992: De personer som tidigare blivit intervjuade minst en gång i den svenska levnadsnivåundersökningen (LNU), och som var 77 år och äldre. 2002: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 76 år och äldre. 2004: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 69 år och äldre. 2011: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 76 år och äldre. Samt ett extra representativt urval av personer som var 85–99 år gamla. 2014: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 70 år och äldre. Samt överlevarna från extraurvalet som drogs 2011.Urvalet har varierat något mellan undersökningsåren. Urvalet för varje år specificeras nedan. 1992: De personer som tidigare blivit intervjuade minst en gång i den svenska levnadsnivåundersökningen (LNU), och som var 77 år och äldre. 2002: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 76 år och äldre. 2004: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 69 år och äldre. 2011: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 76 år och äldre. Samt ett extra representativt urval av personer som var 85–99 år gamla. 2014: De personer som tidigare ingått i urvalet för LNU, och som var 70 år och äldre. Samt överlevarna från extraurvalet som drogs 2011.

The estimated population of the U.S. was approximately 334.9 million in 2023, and the largest age group was adults aged 30 to 34. There were 11.88 million males in this age category and around 11.64 million females. Which U.S. state has the largest population? The population of the United States continues to increase, and the country is the third most populous in the world behind China and India. The gender distribution has remained consistent for many years, with the number of females narrowly outnumbering males. In terms of where the residents are located, California was the state with the highest population in 2023. The U.S. population by race and ethnicity The United States is well known the world over for having a diverse population. In 2023, the number of Black or African American individuals was estimated to be 45.76 million, which represented an increase of over four million since the 2010 census. The number of Asian residents has increased at a similar rate during the same time period and the Hispanic population in the U.S. has also continued to grow.

In 2023, the population of the United Kingdom reached 68.3 million, compared with 67.6 million in 2022. The UK population has more than doubled since 1871 when just under 31.5 million lived in the UK and has grown by around 8.2 million since the start of the twenty-first century. For most of the twentieth century, the UK population steadily increased, with two noticeable drops in population occurring during World War One (1914-1918) and in World War Two (1939-1945). Demographic trends in postwar Britain After World War Two, Britain and many other countries in the Western world experienced a 'baby boom,' with a postwar peak of 1.02 million live births in 1947. Although the number of births fell between 1948 and 1955, they increased again between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s, with more than one million people born in 1964. Since 1964, however, the UK birth rate has fallen from 18.8 births per 1,000 people to a low of just 10.2 in 2020. As a result, the UK population has gotten significantly older, with the country's median age increasing from 37.9 years in 2001 to 40.7 years in 2022. What are the most populated areas of the UK? The vast majority of people in the UK live in England, which had a population of 57.7 million people in 2023. By comparison, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland had populations of 5.44 million, 3.13 million, and 1.9 million, respectively. Within England, South East England had the largest population, at over 9.38 million, followed by the UK's vast capital city of London, at 8.8 million. London is far larger than any other UK city in terms of urban agglomeration, with just four other cities; Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Glasgow, boasting populations that exceed one million people.

How many cattle are in the world? The global live cattle population amounted to about 1.57 billion heads in 2023, up from approximately 1.51 million in 2021. Cows as livestock The domestication of cattle began as early as 10,000 to 5,000 years ago. From ancient times up to the present, cattle are bred to provide meat and dairy. Cattle are also employed as draft animals to plow the fields or transport heavy objects. Cattle hide is used for the production of leather, and dung for fuel and agricultural fertilizer. In 2022, India was home to the highest number of milk cows in the world. Cattle farming in the United States Cattle meat such as beef and veal is one of the most widely consumed types of meat across the globe, and is particularly popular in the United States. The United States is the top producer of beef and veal of any country worldwide. In 2021, beef production in the United States reached 12.6 million metric tons. Beef production appears to be following a positive trend in the United States. More than 33.07 million cattle were slaughtered both commercially and in farms annually in the United States in 2019, up from 33 million in the previous year.

In 1800, the population of the region of present-day India was approximately 169 million. The population would grow gradually throughout the 19th century, rising to over 240 million by 1900. Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality rates, due to improvements in health, sanitation and infrastructure. However, the population of India would see it’s largest rate of growth in the years following the country’s independence from the British Empire in 1948, where the population would rise from 358 million to over one billion by the turn of the century, making India the second country to pass the billion person milestone. While the rate of growth has slowed somewhat as India begins a demographics shift, the country’s population has continued to grow dramatically throughout the 21st century, and in 2020, India is estimated to have a population of just under 1.4 billion, well over a billion more people than one century previously. Today, approximately 18% of the Earth’s population lives in India, and it is estimated that India will overtake China to become the most populous country in the world within the next five years.

This statistic depicts the age distribution of India from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 25.06 percent of the Indian population fell into the 0-14 year category, 68.02 percent into the 15-64 age group and 6.92 percent were over 65 years of age. Age distribution in India India is one of the largest countries in the world and its population is constantly increasing. India’s society is categorized into a hierarchically organized caste system, encompassing certain rights and values for each caste. Indians are born into a caste, and those belonging to a lower echelon often face discrimination and hardship. The median age (which means that one half of the population is younger and the other one is older) of India’s population has been increasing constantly after a slump in the 1970s, and is expected to increase further over the next few years. However, in international comparison, it is fairly low; in other countries the average inhabitant is about 20 years older. But India seems to be on the rise, not only is it a member of the BRIC states – an association of emerging economies, the other members being Brazil, Russia and China –, life expectancy of Indians has also increased significantly over the past decade, which is an indicator of access to better health care and nutrition. Gender equality is still non-existant in India, even though most Indians believe that the quality of life is about equal for men and women in their country. India is patriarchal and women still often face forced marriages, domestic violence, dowry killings or rape. As of late, India has come to be considered one of the least safe places for women worldwide. Additionally, infanticide and selective abortion of female fetuses attribute to the inequality of women in India. It is believed that this has led to the fact that the vast majority of Indian children aged 0 to 6 years are male.