Date updated: 23/10/2019 The territorial and rural balance poles, created by law of 27 January 2014, are intended to be a tool for cooperation between EPCI in areas outside metropolitan France, whether rural or not. They are somehow the counterpart of metropolitan poles. According to Article L5741-1 CGCT, these are public establishments established by agreement between several EPCI with own taxation, within a single enclave area corresponding to a basin of life or population. A clean tax EPCI cannot belong to more than one cluster of territorial and rural balance. Genealogy: Local layer made from EPCI under QGIS — fusion of EPCI by PETR.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. This qualitative study examines Polish migration to London in the context of Poland joining the European Union (EU). The study consists of semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Polish community in London, Polish centres and church groups. There are also three focus groups conducted with recent Polish migrants to London. Recent Polish migration has been seen as transient, involving short periods of migration and frequent returns to the home country. The study explores Polish migrants' attitudes to living in London, their expected duration of stay and their plans to return home. It analyses how Poland’s accession to the EU impacts on migrants’ attitudes to settling in the UK. It also examines the social networks used by Polish migrants and how these networks provide information, practical support (e.g. jobs), as well as friendship, asking if these networks aid settlement or reinforce transience. Further information is available from the ESRC's award web page. Main Topics: Polish migration, EU enlargement, social networks. Purposive selection/case studies Face-to-face interview Focus group

Bilingual (EN-VI) COVID-19-related corpus acquired from the portal (https://www.gov.pl/) of the Polish Government (8th May 2020)

In 2019, there were approximately 302,020 British citizens living in Spain, with a further 293,061 in Ireland and 176,672 in France. By comparison, there were only 604 British people living in Slovenia, the fewest of any European Union member state. As a member of the European Union, British citizens had the right to live and work in any EU member state. Although these rights were lost for most British citizens after the UK left the EU in 2020, Britons already living in EU states were able to largely retain their previous rights of residence. EU citizens living in the UK EU citizens living in the UK face the same dilemma that British nationals did regarding their legal status after Brexit. In the same year, there were 902,000 Polish citizens, 404,000 Romanians, and 322,000 people from the Republic of Ireland living in the UK in that year, along with almost two million EU citizens from the other 24 EU member states. To retain their rights after Brexit, EU citizens living in the UK were able to apply for the EU settlement scheme. As of 2025, there have been around 8.4 million applications to this scheme, with Romanian and Polish nationals the most common nationality at 1.87 million applications, and 1.27 million applications respectively. Is support for Brexit waning in 2024? As of 2025, the share of people in the UK who think leaving the EU was the wrong decision stood at 56 percent, compared with 31 percent who think it was the correct choice. In general, support for Brexit has declined since April 2021, when 46 percent of people supported Brexit, compared with 43 percent who regretted it. What people think Britain's relationship with the EU should be is, however, still unclear. A survey from November 2023 indicated that just 31 percent thought the UK should rejoin the EU, with a further 11 percent supporting rejoining the single market but not the EU. Only ten percent of respondents were satisfied with the current relationship, while nine percent wished to reduce ties even further.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The 2001 Polish National Election Study (PNES), with 2000 respondents, is part of a long running series. It is funded primarily by the Polish National Science Foundation (KBN) and is directed by Radoslaw Markowski of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The comprehensive questionnaire for this survey comprised questions on a range of themes specifically relevant to Polish public opinion and voting patterns, but also included a strong comparative element of wider interest. This ESRC project allowed a module of questions from the School of Slavonic, Central and East European Studies, Glasgow University (SSCEES) to be added to the PNES, focusing especially on the SSCEES research themes of integration, openness and nationalism, bureaucratic encounters and corruption, and political trust. The research proposal included four main aims and objectives: to collect and make available timely data on public opinion in Poland at the time of a critical election, especially data on the ‘future oriented’ issues of integration, openness and nationalism, bureaucratic encounters and corruption and political trust; to extend the range of previous (ESRC-funded) Glasgow University comparative studies of these issues from other post-communist electorates to include Poland; to develop a deeper understanding of these issues, their inter-relationships and in particular their connection with the more immediate and concrete issues surrounding Poland’s European Union (EU) accession; to consider the implications of the Polish findings for other states in central and eastern Europe, especially in regard to further European integration. All of the above aims and objectives were met. A wide range of EU accession-oriented questions were inserted into the 2001 PNES survey. These allowed the researchers to investigate Polish voters’ enthusiasm (or the lack of it) for accession in much greater detail than Eurobarometer polls permit. In particular, we examined the criteria that voters used to make their EU referendum choice. Also, incorporated into the PNES survey was a module of questions on ‘bureaucratic encounters and corruption’ and ‘political trust’ which had been used in a 1993 ESRC-funded five-nation survey (led by Miller) within eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Qualified quantitative comparisons between Poland and other states in central and eastern Europe were possible. But in all cases, the theoretical applications of the Polish findings had a direct relevance for other central and east European states. Poland is not just another accession state; over half the entire population joining the EU in 2004 lives in Poland. So inevitably, Polish attitudes are even more typical of attitudes among the accession peoples than among the accession states. Main Topics: The data cover voting intention and behaviour, political and social issues, political party allegiance, political attitudes and left-right scale placement, role of the Church in Poland, tax policy, attitudes towards the European Union and NATO, privatization, economic, social and household conditions, world situation and demographic details such as age, marital status, employment, gender and religious belief. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview

Two Polish-English publications of the Polish Central Statistical Office in the XLIFF format: 1. "Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2015" is the main summary publication of the Central Statistical Office, including a comprehensive set of statistical data describing the condition of the natural environment, the socio-economic and demographic situation of Poland, and its position in Europe and in the world. 2. "Women in Poland" contains statistical information regarding women's place and participation in socio-economic life of the country including international comparisons. The texts were aligned at the level of translation segments (mostly sentences and short paragraphs) and manually verified.

This dataset has been created within the framework of the European Language Resource Coordination (ELRC) Connecting Europe Facility - Automated Translation (CEF.AT) actions SMART 2014/1074 and SMART 2015/1091. For further information on the project: http://lr-coordination.eu.

This dataset has been created within the framework of the European Language Resource Coordination (ELRC) Connecting Europe Facility - Automated Translation (CEF.AT) action. For further information on the project: http://lr-coordination.eu.Polish-English parallel corpus from the website of the State Marine Accident Investigation Commission (http://pkbwm.gov.pl)

The BABEL Polish Database is a speech database that was produced by a research consortium funded by the European Union under the COPERNICUS programme (COPERNICUS Project 1304). The project began in March 1995 and was completed in December 1998. The objective was to create a database of languages of Central and Eastern Europe in parallel to the EUROM1 databases produced by the SAM Project (funded by the ESPRIT programme).

The BABEL consortium included six partners from Central and Eastern Europe (who had the major responsibility of planning and carrying out the recording and labelling) and six from Western Europe (whose role was mainly to advise and in some cases to act as host to BABEL researchers). The five databases collected within the project concern the Bulgarian, Estonian, Hungarian, Polish, and Romanian languages.

The Polish database consists of the basic "common" set which is: • The Many Talker Set: 30 males, 30 females; each to read 100 numbers, 3 connected passages and 5 “filler” sentences (or 4 passages if no fillers needed). • The Few Talker Set: 5 males, 5 females, normally selected from the above group: each to read 5 blocks of 100 numbers, 15 passages and 25 filler sentences ( or 20 passages if fillers not needed), and 5 lists of syllables. • The Very Few Talker Set: 1 male, 1 female, selected from many-talker set: 5 blocks of syllables, with and without carrier sentences.