Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Annual Population Survey (APS) is a major survey series, which aims to provide data that can produce reliable estimates at the local authority level. Key topics covered in the survey include education, employment, health and ethnicity. The APS comprises key variables from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), all its associated LFS boosts and the APS boost. The APS aims to provide enhanced annual data for England, covering a target sample of at least 510 economically active persons for each Unitary Authority (UA)/Local Authority District (LAD) and at least 450 in each Greater London Borough. In combination with local LFS boost samples, the survey provides estimates for a range of indicators down to Local Education Authority (LEA) level across the United Kingdom.For further detailed information about methodology, users should consult the Labour Force Survey User Guide, included with the APS documentation. For variable and value labelling and coding frames that are not included either in the data or in the current APS documentation, users are advised to consult the latest versions of the LFS User Guides, which are available from the ONS Labour Force Survey - User Guidance webpages.Occupation data for 2021 and 2022The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. None of ONS' headline statistics, other than those directly sourced from occupational data, are affected and you can continue to rely on their accuracy. The affected datasets have now been updated. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022APS Well-Being DatasetsFrom 2012-2015, the ONS published separate APS datasets aimed at providing initial estimates of subjective well-being, based on the Integrated Household Survey. In 2015 these were discontinued. A separate set of well-being variables and a corresponding weighting variable have been added to the April-March APS person datasets from A11M12 onwards. Further information on the transition can be found in the Personal well-being in the UK: 2015 to 2016 article on the ONS website.APS disability variablesOver time, there have been some updates to disability variables in the APS. An article explaining the quality assurance investigations on these variables that have been conducted so far is available on the ONS Methodology webpage. End User Licence and Secure Access APS dataUsers should note that there are two versions of each APS dataset. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. The EUL version includes Government Office Region geography, banded age, 3-digit SOC and industry sector for main, second and last job. The Secure Access version contains more detailed variables relating to: age: single year of age, year and month of birth, age completed full-time education and age obtained highest qualification, age of oldest dependent child and age of youngest dependent child family unit and household: including a number of variables concerning the number of dependent children in the family according to their ages, relationship to head of household and relationship to head of family nationality and country of origin geography: including county, unitary/local authority, place of work, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2) and NUTS3 regions, and whether lives and works in same local authority district health: including main health problem, and current and past health problems education and apprenticeship: including numbers and subjects of various qualifications and variables concerning apprenticeships industry: including industry, industry class and industry group for main, second and last job, and industry made redundant from occupation: including 4-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) for main, second and last job and job made redundant from system variables: including week number when interview took place and number of households at address The Secure Access data have more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements. Personal Well-Being, April 2012 - March 2015 The ONS have released a combined three-year Personal Well-Being dataset covering April 2012 to March 2015 in response to user demand. The enhanced sample size of this dataset allows for more robust analysis of sub groups in the population and for local areas. Further information may be found in the documentation. The SL access version of the APS April 2012 - March 2015 Personal Well-Being dataset is held under SN 7925. Main Topics:Topics covered include: household composition and relationships, housing tenure, nationality, ethnicity and residential history, employment and training (including government schemes), workplace and location, job hunting, educational background and qualifications. Many of the variables included in the survey are the same as those in the LFS. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Telephone interview 2012 2015 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ADULT EDUCATION AGE ANXIETY APPLICATION FOR EMP... APPOINTMENT TO JOB ATTITUDES BONUS PAYMENTS CHRONIC ILLNESS COHABITATION CONDITIONS OF EMPLO... DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEGREES DISABILITIES Demography population ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL COURSES EMPLOYEES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY BENEFITS FIELDS OF STUDY FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED ACCOMMODA... GENDER HAPPINESS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HEALTH HEALTH STATUS HIGHER EDUCATION HOME BASED WORK HOME OWNERSHIP HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING BENEFITS HOUSING TENURE INCOME INDUSTRIES JOB CHANGING JOB HUNTING JOB SEEKER S ALLOWANCE LANDLORDS LONGTERM UNEMPLOYMENT Labour and employment MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY BENEFITS NATIONAL IDENTITY NATIONALITY OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING OCCUPATIONS OLD AGE BENEFITS OVERTIME PART TIME COURSES PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PLACE OF BIRTH PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR QUALIFICATIONS RECREATIONAL EDUCATION RECRUITMENT REDUNDANCY REDUNDANCY PAY RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION RENTED ACCOMMODATION RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY SELF EMPLOYED SICK LEAVE SICK PAY SICKNESS AND DISABI... SMOKING SOCIAL HOUSING SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS STATE RETIREMENT PE... SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISORS SUPERVISORY STATUS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION OF SERVICE TIED HOUSING TRAINING TRAINING COURSES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNFURNISHED ACCOMMO... UNWAGED WORKERS WAGES WELL BEING SOCIETY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKPLACE vital statistics an...

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Annual Population Survey (APS) is a major survey series, which aims to provide data that can produce reliable estimates at the local authority level. Key topics covered in the survey include education, employment, health and ethnicity. The APS comprises key variables from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), all its associated LFS boosts and the APS boost. The APS aims to provide enhanced annual data for England, covering a target sample of at least 510 economically active persons for each Unitary Authority (UA)/Local Authority District (LAD) and at least 450 in each Greater London Borough. In combination with local LFS boost samples, the survey provides estimates for a range of indicators down to Local Education Authority (LEA) level across the United Kingdom.For further detailed information about methodology, users should consult the Labour Force Survey User Guide, included with the APS documentation. For variable and value labelling and coding frames that are not included either in the data or in the current APS documentation, users are advised to consult the latest versions of the LFS User Guides, which are available from the ONS Labour Force Survey - User Guidance webpages.Occupation data for 2021 and 2022The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. None of ONS' headline statistics, other than those directly sourced from occupational data, are affected and you can continue to rely on their accuracy. The affected datasets have now been updated. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022APS Well-Being DatasetsFrom 2012-2015, the ONS published separate APS datasets aimed at providing initial estimates of subjective well-being, based on the Integrated Household Survey. In 2015 these were discontinued. A separate set of well-being variables and a corresponding weighting variable have been added to the April-March APS person datasets from A11M12 onwards. Further information on the transition can be found in the Personal well-being in the UK: 2015 to 2016 article on the ONS website.APS disability variablesOver time, there have been some updates to disability variables in the APS. An article explaining the quality assurance investigations on these variables that have been conducted so far is available on the ONS Methodology webpage. End User Licence and Secure Access APS dataUsers should note that there are two versions of each APS dataset. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. The EUL version includes Government Office Region geography, banded age, 3-digit SOC and industry sector for main, second and last job. The Secure Access version contains more detailed variables relating to: age: single year of age, year and month of birth, age completed full-time education and age obtained highest qualification, age of oldest dependent child and age of youngest dependent child family unit and household: including a number of variables concerning the number of dependent children in the family according to their ages, relationship to head of household and relationship to head of family nationality and country of origin geography: including county, unitary/local authority, place of work, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2) and NUTS3 regions, and whether lives and works in same local authority district health: including main health problem, and current and past health problems education and apprenticeship: including numbers and subjects of various qualifications and variables concerning apprenticeships industry: including industry, industry class and industry group for main, second and last job, and industry made redundant from occupation: including 4-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) for main, second and last job and job made redundant from system variables: including week number when interview took place and number of households at address The Secure Access data have more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements. Personal Well-Being, April 2011 - March 2014 The ONS have released a combined three-year Personal Well-Being dataset covering April 2011 to March 2014 in response to user demand. The enhanced sample size of this dataset allows for more robust analysis of sub groups in the population and for local areas. Further information may be found in the documentation. The SL access version of the APS April 2011 - March 2014 Personal Well-Being dataset is held under SN 7593. Main Topics:Topics covered include: household composition and relationships, housing tenure, nationality, ethnicity and residential history, employment and training (including government schemes), workplace and location, job hunting, educational background and qualifications. Many of the variables included in the survey are the same as those in the LFS. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Telephone interview 2011 2014 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ADULT EDUCATION AGE ANXIETY APPLICATION FOR EMP... APPOINTMENT TO JOB ATTITUDES BONUS PAYMENTS CHRONIC ILLNESS COHABITATION CONDITIONS OF EMPLO... DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEGREES DISABILITIES Demography population ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL COURSES EMPLOYEES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY BENEFITS FIELDS OF STUDY FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED ACCOMMODA... GENDER HAPPINESS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HEALTH HEALTH STATUS HIGHER EDUCATION HOME BASED WORK HOME OWNERSHIP HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING BENEFITS HOUSING TENURE INCOME INDUSTRIES JOB CHANGING JOB HUNTING JOB SEEKER S ALLOWANCE LANDLORDS LONGTERM UNEMPLOYMENT Labour and employment MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY BENEFITS NATIONAL IDENTITY NATIONALITY OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING OCCUPATIONS OLD AGE BENEFITS OVERTIME PART TIME COURSES PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PLACE OF BIRTH PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR QUALIFICATIONS RECREATIONAL EDUCATION RECRUITMENT REDUNDANCY REDUNDANCY PAY RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION RENTED ACCOMMODATION RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY SELF EMPLOYED SICK LEAVE SICK PAY SICKNESS AND DISABI... SMOKING SOCIAL HOUSING SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS STATE RETIREMENT PE... SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISORS SUPERVISORY STATUS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION OF SERVICE TIED HOUSING TRAINING TRAINING COURSES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNFURNISHED ACCOMMO... UNWAGED WORKERS WAGES WELL BEING SOCIETY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKPLACE vital statistics an...

Background
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.

Secure Access QLFS data
Secure Access datasets for the QLFS are available from the April-June 1992 quarter, and include additional, detailed variables not included in the standard 'End User Licence' (EUL) versions (see under GN 33246). Extra variables that typically can be found in the Secure Access versions but not in the EUL relate to:

• geography (see 'Spatial Units' below)
• date of birth, including day
• education and training: including type of 'other qualifications', more detail regarding the number of O'levels/GCSE passes, type of qualification gained in last 12 months, class of first degree, type of degree held, UK country of highest degree, type of current educational institution, level of Welsh baccalaureate, activities to improve knowledge or skills in last 12 months, attendance at adult learning taught courses, attendance at leisure or educational classes, self-teaching, payment of job-related training fees
• household and family characteristics: including number of family units (and extended family units) with dependent children only, and with non-dependent children only, total number of family units with more than one person, total number of eligible people, type of household, type of family unit, number of bedrooms
• employment: including industry code of main job, whether working full-time or part-time, reason job is temporary, payment of own National Insurance and tax, when started working at previous job, whether paid or self-employed in previous job, contracts with employment agency
• unemployment and job hunting: including main reason for not being employed prior to current job, reasons for leaving job (provision of care or other personal/family reasons), use of internet for job hunting, if and when will work in the future
• temporary leave from work: including proportion of salary received and duration of leave
• accidents at work and work-related health problems
• nationality, national identity and country of birth: including whether lived continuously in UK, month of most recent arrival to UK, frequency of Welsh speaking
• occurrence of learning difficulty or disability
• benefits, including additional variables on type of benefits claimed and tax credit payments

Secure Access versions of QLFS household datasets are available from 2009 under SN 7674.

Prospective users of a Secure Access version of the QLFS will need to fulfil additional requirements, commencing with the completion of an extra application form to demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the extra, more detailed variables, in order to obtain permission to use that version. Secure Access users must also complete face-to-face training and agree to Secure Access' User Agreement (see 'Access' section below). Therefore, users are encouraged to download and inspect the EUL version of the data prior to ordering the Secure Access version.

Well-Being variables are not included in the LFS
Users should note that subjective well-being variables (Satis, Worth, Happy, Anxious and Sad) are not available on the LFS, despite being referenced in the questionnaire. Users who wish to analyse well-being variables should apply for the Annual Population Survey instead (see SNs 6721 and 7961).

LFS Documentation
The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the relevant versions of each volume of the user guide. However, LFS volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the ONS LFS User Guidance pages before commencing analysis. This is especially important for users of older QLFS studies, where information and guidance in the user guide documents may have changed over time.

The study documentation presented in the Documentation section includes the most recent documentation for the LFS only, due to available space. Documentation for previous years is provided alongside the data for access and is also available upon request.

Variables DISEA and LNGLST
Dataset A08 (Labour market status of disabled people) which ONS suspended due to an apparent discontinuity between April to June 2017 and July to September 2017 is now available. As a result of this apparent discontinuity and the inconclusive investigations at this stage, comparisons should be made with caution between April to June 2017 and subsequent time periods. However users should note that the estimates are not seasonally adjusted, so some of the change between quarters could be due to seasonality. Further recommendations on historical comparisons of the estimates will be given in November 2018 when ONS are due to publish estimates for July to September 2018.

Latest Edition Information

For the thirty-ninth edition (July 2025), replacement data files covering Jan-March 2023 to April-June 2023, and new files for July-Sept 2023 to July-Sept 2024 have been added to the study. These new and replacement files include the Person Weight for 2024 (the Person Income Weight remains either 2022 or 2023).

Section 1: Introduction

Brief overview of dataset contents:

Current database contains anonymised data collected during exercise testing services performed on male and female participants (cycling, rowing, kayaking and running) provided by the Human Performance Laboratory, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.

835 graded incremental exercise test files (285 cycling, 266 rowing / kayaking, 284 running)

Description file with each row representing a test file - COLUMNS: file name (AXXX), sport (cycling, running, rowing or kayaking)

Anthropometric data of participants by sport (age, gender, height, body mass, BMI, skinfold thickness,% body fat, lean body mass and haematological data; namely, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) count and white blood cell (WBC) count )

Test data (HR, VO2 and lactate data) at rest and across a range of exercise intensities

Derived physiological indices quantifying each individual’s endurance profile

Following a request from athletes seeking assessment by phone or e-mail the test protocol, risks, benefits and test and medical requirements, were explained verbally or by return e-mail. Subsequently, an appointment for an exercise assessment was arranged following the regulatory reflection period (7 days). Following this regulatory period each participant’s verbal consent was obtained pre-test, for participants under 18 years of age parent / guardian consent was obtained in writing. Ethics approval was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences ethics committee and all testing procedures were performed in compliance with Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.

All consenting participants were required to attend the laboratory on one occasion in a rested, carbohydrate loaded and well-hydrated state, and for male participants’ clean shaven in the facial region. All participants underwent a pre-test medical examination, including assessment of resting blood pressure, pulmonary function testing and haematological (Coulter Counter Act Diff, Beckmann Coulter, CA,US) review performed by a qualified medical doctor prior to exercise testing. Any person presenting with any cardiac abnormalities, respiratory difficulties, symptoms of cold or influenza, musculoskeletal injury that could impair performance, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic disorders, or any other contra-indicatory symptoms were excluded. In addition, participants completed a medical questionnaire detailing training history, previous personal and family health abnormalities, recent illness or injury, menstrual status for female participants, as well as details of recent travel and current vaccination status, and current medications, supplements and allergies. Barefoot height in metre (Holtain, Crymych, UK), body mass (counter balanced scales) in kilogram (Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and skinfold thickness in millimetre using a Harpenden skinfold caliper (Bath International, West Sussex, UK) were recorded pre-exercise.

Section 2: Testing protocols

2.1: Cycling

A continuous graded incremental exercise test (GxT) to volitional exhaustion was performed on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer (Lode Excalibur Sport, Groningen, The Netherlands). Participants initially identified a cycling position in which they were most comfortable by adjusting saddle height, saddle fore-aft position relative to the crank axis, saddle to handlebar distance and handlebar height. Participant’s feet were secured to the ergometer using their own cycling shoes with cleats and accompanying pedals. The protocol commenced with a 15-min warm-up at a workload of 120 Watt (W), followed by a 10-min rest. The GxT began with a 3-min stationary phase for resting data collection, followed by an active phase commencing at a workload of 100 or 120 W for female and male participants, respectively, and subsequently increasing by a 20, 30 or 40 W incremental increase every 3-min depending on gender and current competition category. During assessment participants maintained a constant self-selected cadence chosen during their warm-up (permitted window was 5 rev.min−1 within a permitted absolute range of 75 to 95 rev.min−1) and the test was terminated when a participant was no longer able to maintain a constant cadence.

Heart rate (HR) data were recorded continuously by radio-telemetry using a Cosmed HR monitor (Cosmed, Rome, Italy). During the test, blood samples were collected from the middle finger of the right hand at the end of the second minute of each 3-min interval. The fingertip was cleaned to remove any sweat or blood and lanced using a long point sterile lancet (Braun, Melsungen, Germany). The blood sample was collected into a heparinised capillary tube (Brand, Wertheim, Germany) by holding the tube horizontal to the droplet and allowing transfer by capillary action. Subsequently, a 25μL aliquot of whole blood was drawn from the capillary tube using a YSI syringepet (YSI, OH, USA) and added into the chamber of a YSI 1500 Sport lactate analyser (YSI, OH, USA) for determination of non-lysed [Lac] in mmol.L−1. The lactate analyser was calibrated to the manufacturer’s requirements (± 0.05 mmol.L−1) before each test using a standard solution (YSI, OH, USA) of known concentration (5 mmol.L−1) and analyser linearity was confirmed using either a 15 or 30 mmol.L-1 standard solution (YSI, OH, USA).

Gas exchange variables including respiration rate (Rf in breaths.min-1), minute ventilation (VE in L.min-1), oxygen consumption (VO2 in L.min-1 and in mL.kg-1.min-1) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2 in L.min-1), were measured on a breath-by-breath basis throughout the test, using a cardiopulmonary exercise testing unit (CPET) and an associated software package (Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Participants wore a face mask (Hans Rudolf, KA, USA) which was connected to the CPET unit. The metabolic unit was calibrated prior to each test using ambient air and an alpha certified gas mixture containing 16% O2, 5% CO2 and 79% N2 (Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Volume calibration was performed using a 3L gas calibration syringe (Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Barometric pressure recorded by the CPET was confirmed by recording barometric pressure using a laboratory grade barometer.

Following testing mean HR and mean VO2 data at rest and during each exercise increment were computed and tabulated over the final minute of each 3-min interval. A graphical plot of [Lac], mean VO2 and mean HR versus cycling workload was constructed and analysed to quantify physiological endurance indices, see Data Analysis section. Data for VO2 peak in L.min-1 (absolute) and in mL.kg-1.min-1 (relative) and VE peak in L.min-1 were reported as the peak data recorded over any 10 consecutive breaths recorded during the last minute of the final exercise increment.

2.2: Running protocol

A continuous graded incremental exercise test (GxT) to volitional exhaustion was performed on a motorised treadmill (Powerjog, Birmingham, UK). The running protocol, performed at a gradient of 0%, commenced with a 15-min warm-up at a velocity (km.h-1) which was lower than the participant’s reported typical weekly long run (>60 min) on-road training velocity. Subsequently, the warm-up was followed by a 10 minute rest / dynamic stretching phase. From a safety perspective during all running GxT participants wore a suspended lightweight safety harness to minimise any potential falls risk. The GxT began with a 3-min stationary phase for resting data collection, followed by an active phase commencing at a sub-maximal running velocity which was lower than the participant’s reported typical weekly long run (>60 min) on-road training velocity, and subsequently increased by ≥ 1 km.h-1 every 3-min depending on gender and current competition category. The test was terminated when a participant was no longer able to maintain the imposed treadmill.

Measurement variables, equipment and pre-test calibration procedures, timing and procedure for measurement of selected variables and subsequent data analysis were as outlined in Section 2.1.

2.3: Rowing / kayaking protocol

A discontinuous graded incremental exercise test (GxT) to volitional exhaustion was performed on a Concept 2C rowing ergometer (Concept, VA, US) in rowers or a Dansprint kayak ergometer (Dansprint, Hvidovre, Denmark) in flat-water kayakers. The protocol commenced with a 15-min low-intensity warm-up at a workload (W) dependent on gender, sport and competition category, followed by a 10-min rest. For rowing the flywheel damping (120, 125 or 130W) was set dependent on gender and competition category. For kayaking the bungee cord tension was adjusted by individual participants to suit their requirements. A discontinuous protocol of 3-min exercise at a targeted load followed by a 1-min rest phase to facilitate stationary earlobe capillary blood sample collection and resetting of ergometer display (Dansprint ergometer) was used. The GxT began with a 3-min stationary phase for resting data collection, followed by an active phase commencing at a sub-maximal load 80 to 120 W for rowing, 50 to 90 W for kayaking and subsequently increased by 20,30 or 40 W every 3-min depending on gender, sport and current competition category. The test was terminated when a participant was no longer able to maintain the targeted workload.

Measurement variables, equipment and pre-test calibration procedures, timing and procedure for measurement of selected variables and subsequent data analysis were as outlined in Section 2.1.

3.1: Data analysis

Constructed graphical plots (HR, VO2 and [Lac] versus load / velocity) were analysed to quantify the following; load / velocity at TLac, HR at TLac, [Lac] at TLac, % of VO2 peak at TLac, % of HRmax at TLac, load / velocity and HR at a nominal [Lac] of 2 mmol.L-1, load / velocity, VO2 and [Lac} at a nominal HR of

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The Annual Population Survey (APS) is a major survey series, which aims to provide data that can produce reliable estimates at local authority level. Key topics covered in the survey include education, employment, health and ethnicity. The APS comprises key variables from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) (held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33246), all of its associated LFS boosts and the APS boost. Thus, the APS combines results from five different sources: the LFS (waves 1 and 5); the English Local Labour Force Survey (LLFS), the Welsh Labour Force Survey (WLFS), the Scottish Labour Force Survey (SLFS) and the Annual Population Survey Boost Sample (APS(B) - however, this ceased to exist at the end of December 2005, so APS data from January 2006 onwards will contain all the above data apart from APS(B)). Users should note that the LLFS, WLFS, SLFS and APS(B) are not held separately at the UK Data Archive. For further detailed information about methodology, users should consult the Labour Force Survey User Guide, selected volumes of which have been included with the APS documentation for reference purposes (see 'Documentation' table below). The APS aims to provide enhanced annual data for England, covering a target sample of at least 510 economically active persons for each Unitary Authority (UA)/Local Authority District (LAD) and at least 450 in each Greater London Borough. In combination with local LFS boost samples such as the WLFS and SLFS, the survey provides estimates for a range of indicators down to Local Education Authority (LEA) level across the United Kingdom. APS Well-Being data Since April 2011, the APS has included questions about personal and subjective well-being. The responses to these questions have been made available as annual sub-sets to the APS Person level files. It is important to note that the size of the achieved sample of the well-being questions within the dataset is approximately 165,000 people. This reduction is due to the well-being questions being only asked of persons aged 16 and above, who gave a personal interview and proxy answers are not accepted. As a result some caution should be used when using analysis of responses to well-being questions at detailed geography areas and also in relation to any other variables where respondent numbers are relatively small. It is recommended that for lower level geography analysis that the variable UACNTY09 is used. As well as annual datasets, three-year pooled datasets are available. When combining multiple APS datasets together, it is important to account for the rotational design of the APS and ensure that no person appears more than once in the multiple year dataset. This is because the well-being datasets are not designed to be longitudinal e.g. they are not designed to track individuals over time/be used for longitudinal analysis. They are instead cross-sectional, and are designed to use a cross-section of the population to make inferences about the whole population. For this reason, the three-year dataset has been designed to include only a selection of the cases from the individual year APS datasets, chosen in such a way that no individuals are included more than once, and the cases included are approximately equally spread across the three years. Further information is available in the 'Documentation' section below. Secure Access APS Well-Being data Secure Access datasets for the APS Well-Being include additional variables not included in either the standard End User Licence (EUL) versions (see under GN 33357) or the Special Licence (SL) access versions (see under GN 33376). Extra variables that typically can be found in the Secure Access version but not in the EUL or SL versions relate to:geography, including:Postcodes Census Area Statistics (CAS) WardsCensus Output AreasNomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS) level 2 and 3 areasLower and Middle Layer Super Output AreasTravel to Work AreasUnitary authority / Local Authority District of place of work (main job)region of place of work for first and second jobsqualifications, education and training including level of highest qualification, qualifications from Government schemes, qualifications related to work, qualifications from school, qualifications from university of college and qualifications gained from outside the UK detailed ethnic group for Scottish respondentsdetailed religious denomination for Northern Irish respondentslength health problem has limited activity learning difficulty or learning disabilityoccupation in apprenticeship or second job number of bedrooms number of dependent children in household aged under 19Prospective users of the Secure Access version of the APS Well-Being will need to fulfil additional requirements, commencing with the completion of an extra application form to demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the extra, more detailed variables, in order to obtain permission to use that version. Secure Access data users must also complete face-to-face training and agree to the Secure Access User Agreement and Licence Compliance Policy (see 'Access' section below). Therefore, users are encouraged to download and inspect the EUL version of the data prior to ordering the Secure Access (or SL) version. Further details and links to all APS studies available from the UK Data Archive can be found via the APS Key Data series webpage. APS Well-Being Datasets: Information, July 2016 From 2012-2015, the ONS published separate APS datasets aimed at providing initial estimates of subjective well-being, based on the Integrated Household Survey. In 2015 these were discontinued. A separate set of well-being variables and a corresponding weighting variable have been added to the April-March APS person datasets from A11M12 onwards. Users should no longer use the bespoke well-being datasets (SNs 6994, 6999, 7091, 7092, 7364, 7365, 7565, 7566 and 7961, but should now use the variables included on the April-March APS person datasets instead. Further information on the transition can be found on the Personal well-being in the UK: 2015 to 2016 Documentation and coding frames The APS is compiled from variables present in the LFS. For variable and value labelling and coding frames that are not included either in the data or in the current APS documentation (e.g. coding frames for education, industrial and geographic variables, which are held in LFS User Guide Vol.5, Classifications), users are advised to consult the latest versions of the LFS User Guides, which are available from the ONS Labour Force Survey - User Guidance webpages. May 2018 Update Due to a change in the Travel-to-Work Area coding structure from 2001 to 2011, the variable TTWA9D has been relabelled in the pooled data file for 2012-2015. Main Topics: Topics covered include: household composition and relationships, housing tenure, nationality, ethnicity and residential history, employment and training (including government schemes), workplace and location, job hunting, educational background and qualifications. Many of the variables included in the survey are the same as those in the LFS. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Telephone interview 2011 2015 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ADULT EDUCATION ADVANCED LEVEL EXAM... ADVANCED SUPPLEMENT... AGE ANXIETY APPLICATION FOR EMP... APPRENTICESHIP ARMED FORCES ATTITUDES BEDROOMS BUSINESS AND TECHNO... CARE OF DEPENDANTS CERTIFICATE OF SECO... CERTIFICATE OF SIXT... CHILDREN CITY AND GUILDS OF ... COHABITATION Censuses DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEGREES DISABILITIES DISABLED PERSONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL CERTIFI... EDUCATIONAL COURSES EDUCATIONAL STATUS EMPLOYEES EMPLOYER SPONSORED ... EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILIES FIELDS OF STUDY FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED ACCOMMODA... FURTHER EDUCATION GENDER GENERAL CERTIFICATE... GENERAL NATIONAL VO... GENERAL SCOTTISH VO... HAPPINESS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HEALTH HEALTH STATUS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER NATIONAL CER... HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING TENURE ILL HEALTH INCOME INDUSTRIES JOB CHANGING JOB HUNTING LANDLORDS LEARNING DISABILITIES LONGTERM UNEMPLOYMENT Labour and employment MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS NATIONAL IDENTITY NATIONAL VOCATIONAL... NATIONALITY NURSING EDUCATION OCCUPATIONAL QUALIF... OCCUPATIONS ORDINARY LEVEL EXAM... ORDINARY NATIONAL C... OVERTIME PART TIME COURSES PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PLACE OF BIRTH PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR QUALIFICATIONS REDUNDANCY RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY ROYAL SOCIETY OF AR... RURAL AREAS SCOTTISH CERTIFICAT... SCOTTISH VOCATIONAL... SCOTTISH VOCATIONAL... SELF EMPLOYED SICK LEAVE SMOKING SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSES STUDENTS SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISORS SUPERVISORY STATUS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION OF SERVICE TIED HOUSING TRAINING TRAINING COURSES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNFURNISHED ACCOMMO... UNWAGED WORKERS URBAN AREAS United Kingdom VOCATIONAL EDUCATIO... WAGES WELL BEING SOCIETY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKPLACE

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Annual Population Survey (APS) is a major survey series, which aims to provide data that can produce reliable estimates at the local authority level. Key topics covered in the survey include education, employment, health and ethnicity. The APS comprises key variables from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), all its associated LFS boosts and the APS boost. The APS aims to provide enhanced annual data for England, covering a target sample of at least 510 economically active persons for each Unitary Authority (UA)/Local Authority District (LAD) and at least 450 in each Greater London Borough. In combination with local LFS boost samples, the survey provides estimates for a range of indicators down to Local Education Authority (LEA) level across the United Kingdom.For further detailed information about methodology, users should consult the Labour Force Survey User Guide, included with the APS documentation. For variable and value labelling and coding frames that are not included either in the data or in the current APS documentation, users are advised to consult the latest versions of the LFS User Guides, which are available from the ONS Labour Force Survey - User Guidance webpages.Occupation data for 2021 and 2022The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. None of ONS' headline statistics, other than those directly sourced from occupational data, are affected and you can continue to rely on their accuracy. The affected datasets have now been updated. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022APS Well-Being DatasetsFrom 2012-2015, the ONS published separate APS datasets aimed at providing initial estimates of subjective well-being, based on the Integrated Household Survey. In 2015 these were discontinued. A separate set of well-being variables and a corresponding weighting variable have been added to the April-March APS person datasets from A11M12 onwards. Further information on the transition can be found in the Personal well-being in the UK: 2015 to 2016 article on the ONS website.APS disability variablesOver time, there have been some updates to disability variables in the APS. An article explaining the quality assurance investigations on these variables that have been conducted so far is available on the ONS Methodology webpage. End User Licence and Secure Access APS dataUsers should note that there are two versions of each APS dataset. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. The EUL version includes Government Office Region geography, banded age, 3-digit SOC and industry sector for main, second and last job. The Secure Access version contains more detailed variables relating to: age: single year of age, year and month of birth, age completed full-time education and age obtained highest qualification, age of oldest dependent child and age of youngest dependent child family unit and household: including a number of variables concerning the number of dependent children in the family according to their ages, relationship to head of household and relationship to head of family nationality and country of origin geography: including county, unitary/local authority, place of work, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2) and NUTS3 regions, and whether lives and works in same local authority district health: including main health problem, and current and past health problems education and apprenticeship: including numbers and subjects of various qualifications and variables concerning apprenticeships industry: including industry, industry class and industry group for main, second and last job, and industry made redundant from occupation: including 4-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) for main, second and last job and job made redundant from system variables: including week number when interview took place and number of households at address The Secure Access data have more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements. The SL access version of the APS April 2011 - March 2012 Subjective Well-Being dataset is held under SN 7092. For the second edition (September 2014) a new version of the case number was added to the data file, 'Case_New'. The new case number has been calculated as described in the Personal Well-being Survey User Guide to incorporate an anonymised household identifier and the original HHld and Person variables to allow household level analysis to be completed. Removing the final four digits of the new anonymised case number will reveal the anonymised household identifier. At present, the previous case number, now renamed 'Case_Old' also remains in the file. Main Topics:Topics covered include: household composition and relationships, housing tenure, nationality, ethnicity and residential history, employment and training (including government schemes), workplace and location, job hunting, educational background and qualifications. Many of the variables included in the survey are the same as those in the LFS. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Telephone interview 2011 2012 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ADULT EDUCATION AGE ANXIETY APPLICATION FOR EMP... APPOINTMENT TO JOB ATTITUDES BONUS PAYMENTS CHRONIC ILLNESS COHABITATION CONDITIONS OF EMPLO... DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEGREES DISABILITIES Demography population ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL COURSES EMPLOYEES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILY BENEFITS FIELDS OF STUDY FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED ACCOMMODA... GENDER HAPPINESS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HEALTH HEALTH STATUS HIGHER EDUCATION HOME BASED WORK HOME OWNERSHIP HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING BENEFITS HOUSING TENURE INCOME INDUSTRIES JOB CHANGING JOB HUNTING JOB SEEKER S ALLOWANCE LANDLORDS LONGTERM UNEMPLOYMENT Labour and employment MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY BENEFITS NATIONAL IDENTITY NATIONALITY OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING OCCUPATIONS OLD AGE BENEFITS OVERTIME PART TIME COURSES PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PLACE OF BIRTH PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR QUALIFICATIONS RECREATIONAL EDUCATION RECRUITMENT REDUNDANCY REDUNDANCY PAY RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION RENTED ACCOMMODATION RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY SELF EMPLOYED SICK LEAVE SICK PAY SICKNESS AND DISABI... SMOKING SOCIAL HOUSING SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS STATE RETIREMENT PE... SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISORS SUPERVISORY STATUS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION OF SERVICE TIED HOUSING TRAINING TRAINING COURSES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNFURNISHED ACCOMMO... UNWAGED WORKERS WAGES WELL BEING SOCIETY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKPLACE vital statistics an...