The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Indonesia was last recorded at 5 percent. This dataset provides - Indonesia Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Canada was last recorded at 2.75 percent. This dataset provides - Canada Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates, Discount Rate for United States (INTDSRUSM193N) from Jan 1950 to Aug 2021 about discount, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Cut Bank population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Cut Bank across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Cut Bank was 3,017, a 0.43% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Cut Bank population was 3,030, a decline of 0.69% compared to a population of 3,051 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Cut Bank decreased by 73. In this period, the peak population was 3,161 in the year 2009. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Cut Bank is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Cut Bank population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Cut Bank Population by Year. You can refer the same here

The benchmark interest rate in Australia was last recorded at 3.60 percent. This dataset provides - Australia Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Monetary policy is generally regarded as a central element in the attempts of policy makers to attenuate business-cycle fluctuations. According to the New Keynesian paradigm, central banks are able to stimulate or depress aggregate demand in the short run by adjusting their nominal interest rate targets. The effects of interest rate changes on aggregate consumption, the largest component of aggregate demand, are well understood in the context of this paradigm, on which the canonical "workhorse'' model used in monetary policy analysis is grounded. A key feature of the model is that aggregate consumption is fully described by the amount of goods consumed by a representative household. A decline in the policy rate for instance implies that the real interest rate declines, the representative household saves less and hence increase its demand for consumption. At the same time, general equilibrium effects let labour income grow causing consumption to increase further. However, the mechanism outlined above ignores a considerable amount of empirically-observed heterogeneity among households. For example, households with a higher earnings elasticity to interest rate changes benefit more from a rate cut than those with a lower elasticity; households with large debt positions are at a relative advantage over households with large bond holdings; and households with low exposure to inflation are relatively better off than those holding a sizeable amount of nominal assets. As a result, the contribution to the aggregate consumption response differs substantially across households, implying that monetary expansions and tightenings produce relative "winners'' and relative "losers''. The aim of the project laid out in this proposal is to give a disaggregated account of the heterogeneous effects of monetary-policy induced interest rate changes on household consumption and a detailed analysis of the channels underlying them. Additionally, it seeks to draw conclusions about the determinants of the strength of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. To do so, it relies on a large panel comprising detailed data from the universe of all households residing in Norway between 1993 and 2015 supplemented with additional micro-data provided by the European Commission. I will be assisted by two project partners, Pascal Paul who is a member of the Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and Martin Holm who is affiliated with the Research Unit of Statistics Norway and the University of Oslo. In addition, I would like to collaborate with and help train a doctoral student based at the University of Lausanne on this project. Existing empirical studies of the consumption response to monetary policy at the micro level rely on survey data. Therefore, they are subject to a number of severe data limitations. The surveys employed typically have either no or only a short panel dimension, suffer from attrition, include only limited information on income and wealth, are top-coded, and contain a significant amount of measurement error. The administrative data set provided to us by Statistics Norway suffers from none of these issues, implying that we are in a unique position to evaluate the household-level effects of policy rate changes. In a first step, we use forecasts published by the Norwegian central bank to derive monetary policy shocks that are robust to the simultaneity problem inherent in the identification of the effects of monetary policy following Romer and Romer (2004). We then confront the micro-data with the estimated shocks to study the consumption response along different segments of the income and wealth distribution and to test the importance of heterogeneity in labour earnings, financial income, liquid assets, inflation exposure and interest rate exposure among others. The findings will be of high relevance as they will not only allow us to evaluate channels hypothesised in the analytical literature, improve our understanding of the monetary policy transmission mechanism and its distributional consequences but also serve as a benchmark for structural models built both by theorists and practitioners.

The dataset consists of seven folders. Each folder represents one milling run. In each milling run the depth of cut was set to 3 mm. A folder contains a maximum of three json files. The number of files depends on the time needed for each run which is a function of milling tool diameter and feed rate. Files in each folder were numerated in sequence. For example, folder “run1” contains the files “run1_1” and “run1_2” with the last number indicating the order in which the files were generated. The frequency of recording datapoints was set to 500 Hz. During each milling run the milling tool moved along the longitudinal side and then was moved back alongside the workpiece. This way machining started always on the same side of the workpiece. Table 1 provides an overview of the milling runs. Run 1 to 4 were performed with a HSS tool with a diameter of 10 mm. The tool in use was an end mill (HSS-E-SPM HPC 10 mm) developed by Hoffmann Group. During the first three runs with this end mill no tool breakage occurred. However, in run 4 the tool broke. Runs 5 and 6 were performed by milling with an end mill of the same tool series (HSS-E-SPM HPC 8 mm) that just differs in tool diameter. In contrast to this run 7 was performed by using a solid carbid tool (Solid carbide roughing end mill HPC 8 mm). Cutting with SC tools provides much higher productivity with the downside being higher tool price. In our case the SC end mill performed cuts with a feed rate of 1150 mm/min compared to 191 mm/min achieved by a HSS end mill of the same diameter. Tool breakages were recorded on all runs with end mills of diameter 8 mm. Table 1. overview of the data folders folder name | number of json files | tool diameter | tool breakage | tool type run 1 2 10 mm No HSS run 2 2 10 mm No HSS run 3 2 10 mm No HSS run 4 2 10 mm Yes HSS run 5 2 8 mm Yes HSS run 6 3 8 mm Yes HSS run 7 1 8 mm Yes SC Each json file consists of a header and a payload. The header lists all parameters that were recorded such as position, motor torque and motor current of each of a maximum of five axes of a milling machine. However, the machine used in our experiments is a 3-axis machining center which leaves the payload of 2 possible additional axes to be empty. In the payload the sequential data for each parameter can be found. A list of recorded signals can be found in Table 2. Table 2. recorded signals during milling Signal index in payload | Signal name | Signal Address |Type 13-18 VelocityFeedForward VEL_FFW|1 double 19-24 Power POWER|1 string 25-30 CountourDeviation CONT_DEV|1 double 38-43 TorqueFeedForward TORQUE_FFW|1 double 44-49 Encoder1Position ENC1_POS|1 double 56-61 Load LOAD|1 double 68-73 Torque TORQUE|1 double 68-91 Current CURRENT|1 double 1 represents x-axis, 2 represents y-axis, 3 represents z-axis and 6 represents spindle-axis. Note that our milling center has 3 axis and therefore values for axes 4 and 5 are null.

The benchmark interest rate in China was last recorded at 3 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - China Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Water Quality Review Implementation Map for 2024 where maximum stocking rate of 220 kg livestock manure nitrogen per hectare applies for nitrates derogation holdings in these areas for 2024, combined with additional areas, where the stocking rate limit of 220 kg livestock manure nitrogen per hectare will apply for nitrates derogation holdings in these areas with effect from December 2025. This means for 2025, derogation farmers in these additional areas will have a limit of 247.5 rather than 250kg livestock manure nitrogen per hectare in 2025. The additional areas are the outcome of the 5th Nitrates Action Programme review, introduced as an amendment (SI No 42 of 2025) to the Good Agricultural Practice for the Protection of Waters Regulations (SI No 113 of 2022, as amended). These areas are where the EPA (Environment Protection Agency) have identified a need for nitrate reduction measures as a priority to improve water but that were not considered under the European Commission’s criteria for the two-year review of water quality that took place in 2023, i.e. areas that are not within the Water Quality Review Implementation Map for 2024.

Site selection for cervical stabilization surgery in horses with spinal ataxia frequently relies on measurements derived from radiographic myelography. A variety of measurement criteria exist and can provide conflicting results. The main objectives of this study were to assess the correlation between two commonly used myelographic measures, dorsal contrast column reduction (DCCR) and dural diameter reduction (DDR), and their association with previously selected operative sites in a population of horses operated at a tertiary clinic. Secondary objectives were to determine if articular process joint (APJ) atrophy occurred in a subset of operated horses with radiographic follow-up, and to describe complications of cervical stabilization surgery and long term outcomes. The study was primarily cross-sectional using previously recorded medical information and images from horses operated between 2008 and 2022: three masked raters assessed previously acquired pre-operative myelograms obtained in neutral, flexed and extended neck positions from horses that had subsequently undergone stabilization surgery consisting of cervical interbody fusion via a Kerf-cut cylinder technique at one or two sites. A veterinary radiologist evaluated changes in APJ in radiographs obtained in a subset of horses re-evaluated >18 months after surgery. DCCR was unremarkable at nearly all articulations in all horses, while DDR met reduction criteria at over 50% of articulations in flexed position. Neither DCCR nor DDR distinguished operated from non-operated sites at most intervertebral junctions, except at the C6-7 articulation in neutral and extended position. The two measures were also poorly correlated at most sites and in most positions. Surgical complications included a high incidence of laryngeal hemiplegia. Comparison of operated to non-operated sites within individuals radiographed years later showed consistent, mildly reduced APJ opacity at most operated sites without a consistent decrease in APJ height or area ratios. Our results suggest that DCCR and DDR measures did not reliably predict surgical site selection in this surgical cohort except at C6-7, and that the two measures yielded conflicting diagnostic classification at many sites and positions. Complication rates from stabilization surgery were high; and predictable reduction in APJ height or area after surgery was not demonstrated by radiography in this study.

Studies utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry rarely result in 100% fix success rates (FSR). Many assessments of wildlife resource use do not account for missing data, either assuming data loss is random or because a lack of practical treatment for systematic data loss. Several studies have explored how the environment, technological features, and animal behavior influence rates of missing data in GPS telemetry, but previous spatially explicit models developed to correct for sampling bias have been specified to small study areas, on a small range of data loss, or to be species-specific, limiting their general utility. Here we explore environmental effects on GPS fix acquisition rates across a wide range of environmental conditions and detection rates for bias correction of terrestrial GPS-derived, large mammal habitat use. We also evaluate patterns in missing data that relate to potential animal activities that change the orientation of the antennae and characterize home-range probability of GPS detection for 4 focal species; cougars (Puma concolor), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus ssp. nelsoni) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Part 1, Positive Openness Raster (raster dataset): Openness is an angular measure of the relationship between surface relief and horizontal distance. For angles less than 90 degrees it is equivalent to the internal angle of a cone with its apex at a DEM location, and is constrained by neighboring elevations within a specified radial distance. 480 meter search radius was used for this calculation of positive openness. Openness incorporates the terrain line-of-sight or viewshed concept and is calculated from multiple zenith and nadir angles-here along eight azimuths. Positive openness measures openness above the surface, with high values for convex forms and low values for concave forms (Yokoyama et al. 2002). We calculated positive openness using a custom python script, following the methods of Yokoyama et. al (2002) using a USGS National Elevation Dataset as input. Part 2, Northern Arizona GPS Test Collar (csv): Bias correction in GPS telemetry data-sets requires a strong understanding of the mechanisms that result in missing data. We tested wildlife GPS collars in a variety of environmental conditions to derive a predictive model of fix acquisition. We found terrain exposure and tall over-story vegetation are the primary environmental features that affect GPS performance. Model evaluation showed a strong correlation (0.924) between observed and predicted fix success rates (FSR) and showed little bias in predictions. The model's predictive ability was evaluated using two independent data-sets from stationary test collars of different make/model, fix interval programming, and placed at different study sites. No statistically significant differences (95% CI) between predicted and observed FSRs, suggest changes in technological factors have minor influence on the models ability to predict FSR in new study areas in the southwestern US. The model training data are provided here for fix attempts by hour. This table can be linked with the site location shapefile using the site field. Part 3, Probability Raster (raster dataset): Bias correction in GPS telemetry datasets requires a strong understanding of the mechanisms that result in missing data. We tested wildlife GPS collars in a variety of environmental conditions to derive a predictive model of fix aquistion. We found terrain exposure and tall overstory vegetation are the primary environmental features that affect GPS performance. Model evaluation showed a strong correlation (0.924) between observed and predicted fix success rates (FSR) and showed little bias in predictions. The models predictive ability was evaluated using two independent datasets from stationary test collars of different make/model, fix interval programing, and placed at different study sites. No statistically significant differences (95% CI) between predicted and observed FSRs, suggest changes in technological factors have minor influence on the models ability to predict FSR in new study areas in the southwestern US. We evaluated GPS telemetry datasets by comparing the mean probability of a successful GPS fix across study animals home-ranges, to the actual observed FSR of GPS downloaded deployed collars on cougars (Puma concolor), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus ssp. nelsoni) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Comparing the mean probability of acquisition within study animals home-ranges and observed FSRs of GPS downloaded collars resulted in a approximatly 1:1 linear relationship with an r-sq= 0.68. Part 4, GPS Test Collar Sites (shapefile): Bias correction in GPS telemetry data-sets requires a strong understanding of the mechanisms that result in missing data. We tested wildlife GPS collars in a variety of environmental conditions to derive a predictive model of fix acquisition. We found terrain exposure and tall over-story vegetation are the primary environmental features that affect GPS performance. Model evaluation showed a strong correlation (0.924) between observed and predicted fix success rates (FSR) and showed little bias in predictions. The model's predictive ability was evaluated using two independent data-sets from stationary test collars of different make/model, fix interval programming, and placed at different study sites. No statistically significant differences (95% CI) between predicted and observed FSRs, suggest changes in technological factors have minor influence on the models ability to predict FSR in new study areas in the southwestern US. Part 5, Cougar Home Ranges (shapefile): Cougar home-ranges were calculated to compare the mean probability of a GPS fix acquisition across the home-range to the actual fix success rate (FSR) of the collar as a means for evaluating if characteristics of an animal’s home-range have an effect on observed FSR. We estimated home-ranges using the Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) method using the 90th isopleth. Data obtained from GPS download of retrieved units were only used. Satellite delivered data was omitted from the analysis for animals where the collar was lost or damaged because satellite delivery tends to lose as additional 10% of data. Comparisons with home-range mean probability of fix were also used as a reference for assessing if the frequency animals use areas of low GPS acquisition rates may play a role in observed FSRs. Part 6, Cougar Fix Success Rate by Hour (csv): Cougar GPS collar fix success varied by hour-of-day suggesting circadian rhythms with bouts of rest during daylight hours may change the orientation of the GPS receiver affecting the ability to acquire fixes. Raw data of overall fix success rates (FSR) and FSR by hour were used to predict relative reductions in FSR. Data only includes direct GPS download datasets. Satellite delivered data was omitted from the analysis for animals where the collar was lost or damaged because satellite delivery tends to lose approximately an additional 10% of data. Part 7, Openness Python Script version 2.0: This python script was used to calculate positive openness using a 30 meter digital elevation model for a large geographic area in Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah. A scientific research project used the script to explore environmental effects on GPS fix acquisition rates across a wide range of environmental conditions and detection rates for bias correction of terrestrial GPS-derived, large mammal habitat use.

Results belonging to paper "High-rate biological selenate reduction in a sequencing batch reactor for recovery of hexagonal selenium".Recovery of selenium (Se) from wastewater provides a solution for both securing Se supply and preventing Se pollution. Here, we developed a high-rate process for biological selenate reduction to elemental selenium. Distinctive from other studies, we aimed for a process with selenate as the main biological electron sink, with minimal formation of methane or sulfide. A sequencing batch reactor, fed with an influent containing 120 mgSe L-1 selenate and ethanol as electron donor and carbon source, was operated for 495 days. The high rates (419 ± 17 mgSe L-1 day-1) were recorded between day 446 and day 495 for a hydraulic retention time of 6h. The maximum conversion efficiency of selenate amounted to 96% with a volumetric conversion rate of 444 mgSe L-1 day-1, which is 6 times higher than the rates reported in the literature thus far. At the end of the experiment, a highly enriched selenate reducing biomass had developed, with a specific activity of 856±26 mgSe-1day-1gbiomass-1, which was nearly 1000-fold higher than that of the inoculum. No evidence was found for the formation of methane, sulfide, or volatile reduced selenium compounds like dimethyl-selenide or H2Se, revealing a high selectivity. Ethanol was incompletely oxidized to acetate. The produced elemental selenium partially accumulated in the reactor as pure (≥80% Se of the total mixture of biomass sludge flocs and flaky aggregates, and ~100% of the specific flaky aggregates) selenium black hexagonal needles, with cluster sizes between 20-200 µm. The new process may serve as the basis for a high-rate technology to remove and recover pure selenium from wastewater or process streams with high selectivity.

The benchmark interest rate in Mexico was last recorded at 7.75 percent. This dataset provides - Mexico Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Sediment samples were taken during May 2017 on research vessel (R/V) Meteor (M137) at four stations (74, 128, 243, and 752 m) along the 12º S depth transect traversing the Peruvian OMZ. Samples were retrieved using a TV-guided multicorer (MUC) equipped with seven core liners as described previously. Core liners were 60 cm long with an inner diameter of 10 cm. Filaments of giant sulfur oxidizing bacteria were observable by eye at the sediment surface (dense mat) and inside sediment at the 128 and 243 m stations. Filaments were detected mostly inside sediment at the 74 m station and were not observed at the 752 m station. Retrieved cores were immediately transferred to cold rooms (12ºC) for further processing. At each station, two small push cores (length 20 cm, inner diameter 2.6 cm) were subsampled from one MUC core. One of the replicate sub-cores (hereafter 'spiked core') was amended with unlabeled sulfide: 16 µl saturated sulfide solution (2.42 M stock solution: 250 g Na2S • 9 H2O in 420 ml ultrapure water) was injected into the sediment push core through pre-drilled holes placed at 1 cm depth increments following the principle of the whole-round core injection method. Based on an average sediment water content of ~80%, the added sulfide resulted in a final sulfide concentration of 10 mM in the porewater after its dilution into the sediment (5 cm3 sediment per injection point). The second sub-core remained untreated (hereafter 'unspiked core'). After an equilibration for 1-2 hrs at 12ºC in the dark, 10 μL of carrier-free 35S-sulfate radiotracer (dissolved in water, 1.86 MBq, specific activity 37 TBq mmol-1) was injected into both sub-cores at 1 cm depth increments according to the whole-core injection method. In the spiked core, radiotracer was injected through the same ports used for sulfide injection. Both spiked and unspiked cores were incubated with radiotracer for 6-8 hrs at 12ºC in the dark. After incubation, bacterial activity was stopped by slicing sub-cores at 1 cm increments and transferring sediment layers into 50 mL plastic centrifuge tubes filled with 20 mL zinc acetate (20 % w/w). Triplicate 'killed' controls were produced from additional sediment of the same MUC core and microbial activity was first terminated with zinc acetate before the addition of radiotracer to the centrifuge vial. All samples were frozen at -20ºC until analysis, when sulfate reduction rates were determined following the cold chromium distillation procedure.

The benchmark interest rate in Turkey was last recorded at 43 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Brazil was last recorded at 15 percent. This dataset provides - Brazil Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.