This data collection contains voter registration and turnout surveys. The files contain summaries at state, town, and county levels. Each level of data include: total population, total voting-age population, total voter registration (excluding ND, WI), total ballots cast, total votes cast for president, and voter registration by party. Note: see the documentation for information on missing data.

Dave Leip's website

The Dave Leip website here: https://uselectionatlas.org/BOTTOM/store_data.php lists the available data. Files are occasionally updated by Dave Leip, and new versions are made available, but CCSS is not notified. If you suspect the file you want may be updated, please get in touch with CCSS. These files were last updated on 9 JUL 2024.

Note that file version numbers are those assigned to them by Dave Leip's Election Atlas. Please refer to the Data and Reproduction Archive Version number in your citations for the full dataset.

For additional information on file layout, etc. see https://uselectionatlas.org/BOTTOM/DOWNLOAD/spread_turnout.html.

Similar data may be available at https://www.electproject.org/election-data/voter-turnout-data dating back to 1787.

It is perhaps no surprise that adults in the United States who identify as Democrats are far more likely to favor the legalization of abortion, with 42 percent of Democrats surveyed in 2024 supporting the legalization of abortion under any circumstance. This position was supported by only six percent of Republicans.

Abstract

The L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset includes demographic and voter history tables for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The dataset is built from publicly available government records about voter registration and election participation. These records indicate whether a person voted in an election or not, but they do not record whom that person voted for. Voter registration and election participation data are augmented by demographic information from outside data sources.

Methodology

To create this file, L2 processes registered voter data on an ongoing basis for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, with refreshes of the underlying state voter data typically at least every six months and refreshes of telephone numbers and National Change of Address processing approximately every 30 to 60 days. These data are standardized and enhanced with propriety commercial data and modeling codes and consist of approximately 185,000,000 records nationwide.

Usage

For each state, there are two available tables: demographic and voter history. The demographic and voter tables can be joined on the LALVOTERIDvariable. One can also use the LALVOTERIDvariable to link the L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset with the L2 Consumer Dataset.

In addition, the LALVOTERIDvariable can be used to validate the state. For example, let's look at the LALVOTERID = LALCA3169443. The characters in the fourth and fifth positions of this identifier are 'CA' (California). The second way to validate the state is by using the RESIDENCE_ADDRESSES_STATEvariable, which should have a value of 'CA' (California).

The date appended to each table name represents when the data was last updated. These dates will differ state by state because states update their voter files at different cadences.

The demographic files use 698 consistent variables. For more information about these variables, see 2025-01-10-VM2-File-Layout.xlsx.

The voter history files have different variables depending on the state. The ***2025-07-09-L2-Voter-Dictionaries.tar.gz file contains .csv data dictionaries for each state's demographic and voter files. While the demographic file data dictionaries should mirror the 2025-01-10-VM2-File-Layout.xlsx*** file, the voter file data dictionaries will be unique to each state.

***2025-04-24-National-File-Notes.pdf ***contains L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset ("National File") release notes from 2018 to 2025.

***2025-07-09-L2-Voter-Fill-Rate.tar.gz ***contains .tab files tracking the percent of non-null values for any given field.

Bulk Data Access

Data access is required to view this section.

DataMapping Tool

Data access is required to view this section.

The table AZ-Demographic-2025-05-05 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 4409001 rows across 698 variables.

Some racial and ethnic categories are suppressed to avoid misleading estimates when the relative standard error exceeds 30%. Margins of error are estimated at the 90% confidence level.

Data Source: Current Population Survey (CPS) Voting Supplement, 2020

Why This Matters

Voting is one of the primary ways residents can have their voices heard by the government. By voting for elected officials and on ballot initiatives, residents help decide the future of their community.

For much of our nation’s history, non-white residents were explicitly prohibited from voting or discriminated against in the voting process. It was not until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that the Federal Government enacted voting rights protections for Black voters and voters of color.

Nationally, BIPOC citizens and especially Hispanic and Asian citizens have consistently lower voter turnout rates and voter registration rates. While local DC efforts have been taken to remove these barriers, restrictive voter ID requirements and the disenfranchisement of incarcerated and returning residents act as institutionally racist barriers to voting in many jurisdictions.

The District's Response

The DC Board of Elections has lowered the barriers to participate in local elections through online voter registration, same day registration, voting by mail, and non-ID proof of residence.

Unlike in many states, incarcerated and returning residents in D.C. never lose the right to vote. Since 2024, DC has also extended the right to vote in local elections to residents of the District who are not citizens of the U.S.

Although DC residents pay federal taxes and can vote in the presidential election, the District does not have full representation in Congress. Efforts to advocate for DC statehood aim to remedy this.

The table VA-Demographic-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 5945248 rows across 698 variables.

The table DE-Demographic-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 749390 rows across 698 variables.

The table SD-Voter-History-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 610508 rows across 1004 variables.

The table WY-Demographic-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 342649 rows across 698 variables.

The table MI-Voter-History-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 8006973 rows across 822 variables.

The table AK-Voter-History-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 581924 rows across 495 variables.

The table VT-Voter-History-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 473218 rows across 744 variables.

The table NH-Voter-History-2025-05-10 is part of the dataset L2 Voter and Demographic Dataset, available at https://stanford.redivis.com/datasets/t6qv-ad1vt3wqf. It contains 1101769 rows across 572 variables.