ABSTRACT: Latin America has been at the forefront of the expansion of rights for same-sex couples. Proponents of same-sex marriage frame the issue as related to human rights and democratic deepening; opponents emphasize morality tied to religious values. Elite framing shapes public opinion when frames resonate with individuals’ values and the frame source is deemed credible. Using surveys in 18 Latin American countries in 2010 and 2012, this article demonstrates that democratic values are associated with support for same-sex marriage while religiosity reduces support, particularly among strong democrats. The tension between democratic and religious values is particularly salient for women, people who live outside the capital city, and people who came of age during or before democratization.

Abstract

How Couples Meet and Stay Together (HCMST) is a study of how Americans meet their spouses and romantic partners.

• The study is a nationally representative study of American adults.
• 4,002 adults responded to the survey, 3,009 of those had a spouse or main
  romantic partner.
• The study oversamples self-identified gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults
• Follow-up surveys were implemented one and two years after the main survey, to study couple dissolution rates. Version 3.0 of the dataset includes two follow- up surveys, waves 2 and 3.
• Waves 4 and 5 are provided as separate data files that can be linked back to the main file via variable caseid_new.

The study will provide answers to the following research questions:

1. Do traditional couples and nontraditional couples meet in the same way? What kinds of couples are more likely to have met online?
2. Have the most recent marriage cohorts (especially the traditional heterosexual same-race married couples) met in the same way their parents and grandparents did?
3. Does meeting online lead to greater or less couple stability?
4. How do the couple dissolution rates of nontraditional couples compare to the couple dissolution rates of more traditional same-race heterosexual couples?
5. How does the availability of civil union, domestic partnership or same-sex marriage rights affect couple stability for same-sex couples? This study will provide the first nationally representative data on the couple dissolution rates of same-sex couples.

Methodology

Universe:

The universe for the HCMST survey is English literate adults in the U.S.

**Unit of Analysis: **

Individual

**Type of data collection: **

Survey Data

**Time of data collection: **

Wave I, the main survey, was fielded between February 21 and April 2, 2009. Wave 2 was fielded March 12, 2010 to June 8, 2010. Wave 3 was fielded March 22, 2011 to August 29, 2011. Wave 4 was fielded between March and November of 2013. Wave 5 was fielded between November, 2014 and March, 2015. Dates for the background demographic surveys are described in the User's Guide, under documentation below.

Geographic coverage:

United States of America

Smallest geographic unit:

US region

**Sample description: **

The survey was carried out by survey firm Knowledge Networks (now called GfK). The survey respondents were recruited from an ongoing panel. Panelists are recruited via random digit dial phone survey. Survey questions were mostly answered online; some follow-up surveys were conducted by phone. Panelists who did not have internet access at home were given an internet access device (WebTV). For further information about how the Knowledge Networks hybrid phone-internet survey compares to other survey methodology, see attached documentation.

The dataset contains variables that are derived from several sources. There are variables from the Main Survey Instrument, there are variables generated from the investigators which were created after the Main Survey, and there are demographic background variables from Knowledge Networks which pre-date the Main Survey. Dates for main survey and for the prior background surveys are included in the dataset for each respondent. The source for each variable is identified in the codebook, and in notes appended within the dataset itself (notes may only be available for the Stata version of the dataset).

Respondents who had no spouse or main romantic partner were dropped from the Main Survey. Unpartnered respondents remain in the dataset, and demographic background variables are available for them.

**Sample response rate: **

Response to the main survey in 2009 from subjects, all of whom were already in the Knowledge Networks panel, was 71%. If we include the the prior initial Random Digit Dialing phone contact and agreement to join the Knowledge Networks panel (participation rate 32.6%), and the respondents’ completion of the initial demographic survey (56.8% completion), the composite overall response rate is a much lower .326*.568*.71= 13%. For further information on the calculation of response rates, and relevant citations, see the Note on Response Rates in the documentation. Response rates for the subsequent waves of the HCMST survey are simpler, using the denominator of people who completed wave 1 and who were eligible for follow-up. Response to wave 2 was 84.5%. Response rate to wave 3 was 72.9%. Response rate to wave 4 was 60.0%. Response rate to wave 5 was 46%. Response to wave 6 was 91.3%. Wave 6 was Internet only, so people who had left the GfK KnowledgePanel were not contacted.

**Weights: **

See "Notes on the Weights" in the Documentation section.

Usage

When you use the data, you agree to the following conditions:

1. I will not use the data to identify individuals.
2. I will not charge a fee for the data if I distribute it to others.
3. I will inform the contact person abo

This table is part of a series of tables that present a portrait of Canada based on the various census topics. The tables range in complexity and levels of geography. Content varies from a simple overview of the country to complex cross-tabulations; the tables may also cover several censuses.

We present Qbias, two novel datasets that promote the investigation of bias in online news search as described in

Fabian Haak and Philipp Schaer. 2023. 𝑄𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 - A Dataset on Media Bias in Search Queries and Query Suggestions. In Proceedings of ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci’23). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3578503.3583628.

Dataset 1: AllSides Balanced News Dataset (allsides_balanced_news_headlines-texts.csv)

The dataset contains 21,747 news articles collected from AllSides balanced news headline roundups in November 2022 as presented in our publication. The AllSides balanced news feature three expert-selected U.S. news articles from sources of different political views (left, right, center), often featuring spin bias, and slant other forms of non-neutral reporting on political news. All articles are tagged with a bias label by four expert annotators based on the expressed political partisanship, left, right, or neutral. The AllSides balanced news aims to offer multiple political perspectives on important news stories, educate users on biases, and provide multiple viewpoints. Collected data further includes headlines, dates, news texts, topic tags (e.g., "Republican party", "coronavirus", "federal jobs"), and the publishing news outlet. We also include AllSides' neutral description of the topic of the articles.
Overall, the dataset contains 10,273 articles tagged as left, 7,222 as right, and 4,252 as center.

To provide easier access to the most recent and complete version of the dataset for future research, we provide a scraping tool and a regularly updated version of the dataset at https://github.com/irgroup/Qbias. The repository also contains regularly updated more recent versions of the dataset with additional tags (such as the URL to the article). We chose to publish the version used for fine-tuning the models on Zenodo to enable the reproduction of the results of our study.

Dataset 2: Search Query Suggestions (suggestions.csv)

The second dataset we provide consists of 671,669 search query suggestions for root queries based on tags of the AllSides biased news dataset. We collected search query suggestions from Google and Bing for the 1,431 topic tags, that have been used for tagging AllSides news at least five times, approximately half of the total number of topics. The topic tags include names, a wide range of political terms, agendas, and topics (e.g., "communism", "libertarian party", "same-sex marriage"), cultural and religious terms (e.g., "Ramadan", "pope Francis"), locations and other news-relevant terms. On average, the dataset contains 469 search queries for each topic. In total, 318,185 suggestions have been retrieved from Google and 353,484 from Bing.

The file contains a "root_term" column based on the AllSides topic tags. The "query_input" column contains the search term submitted to the search engine ("search_engine"). "query_suggestion" and "rank" represents the search query suggestions at the respective positions returned by the search engines at the given time of search "datetime". We scraped our data from a US server saved in "location".

We retrieved ten search query suggestions provided by the Google and Bing search autocomplete systems for the input of each of these root queries, without performing a search. Furthermore, we extended the root queries by the letters a to z (e.g., "democrats" (root term) >> "democrats a" (query input) >> "democrats and recession" (query suggestion)) to simulate a user's input during information search and generate a total of up to 270 query suggestions per topic and search engine. The dataset we provide contains columns for root term, query input, and query suggestion for each suggested query. The location from which the search is performed is the location of the Google servers running Colab, in our case Iowa in the United States of America, which is added to the dataset.

AllSides Scraper

At https://github.com/irgroup/Qbias, we provide a scraping tool, that allows for the automatic retrieval of all available articles at the AllSides balanced news headlines.

We want to provide an easy means of retrieving the news and all corresponding information. For many tasks it is relevant to have the most recent documents available. Thus, we provide this Python-based scraper, that scrapes all available AllSides news articles and gathers available information. By providing the scraper we facilitate access to a recent version of the dataset for other researchers.