Allgemeine Lebenssituation von Türkischstämmigen in Deutschland und deren Verhältnis zu Deutschland und den Deutschen. Zugehörigkeitsgefühl und Identität. Integration. Gesellschaft und Politik. 1. Allgemeine Lebenssituation und Verhältnis zu Deutschland und den Deutschen: Geburt in Deutschland; allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit; Eltern leben noch, Eltern leben in Deutschland oder im Ausland; eigene Zukunft eher in Deutschland, in der Türkei, in Europa oder anderswo; Lebenszufriedenheit in Deutschland; positive Merkmale Deutschlands bzw. Störendes; Kontakte zu Deutschen: Anteil der Personen deutscher Herkunft im Freundeskreis; Herkunft der beiden engsten Freunde; Bereitschaft zu einer Partnerschaft mit einem nicht-muslimischen Partner (nur Muslime); 2. Zugehörigkeitsgefühl und Identität: Deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit; beabsichtigte deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft; Verbundenheit mit Deutschland und mit der Türkei; Selbsteinschätzung der deutschen und türkischen Sprachkenntnisse; Identität als Deutsche/r, Türke/Türkin oder (nur Muslime: Muslim/Muslima); Kultur und kulturelle Fremdheit: Religiosität und Glaubenspraxis im Alltag; Einstellungen zum Thema Religion und Gesellschaft. 3. Integration: Gefühl der Akzeptanz als gleichberechtigter Bürger; Häufigkeit erfahrener Diskriminierung in verschiedenen Situationen; Einstellung zum Thema Integration (Skala); Angaben zum eigenen Migrationshintergrund (Generation); bessere Integration der Generation der Eltern oder der eigenen Generation; Selbsteinschätzung der eigenen Integration; wichtige Aspekte im Hinblick auf die Integration von Zuwanderern (Zuwanderer selbst sowie Staat bzw. deutsche Gesellschaft); Realisierung dieser Aspekte bzw. Maßnahmen. 4. Gesellschaft und Politik: Zukunftssorgen; Politikinteresse; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Meinung zum Thema Zuwanderung: eher Vorteile oder Nachteile für Deutschland durch die Zuwanderung; Deutschland sollte mehr oder weniger Flüchtlinge aufnehmen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Erwerbsstatus; Religionszugehörigkeit; muslimische Glaubensgemeinschaft; Kinder und Anzahl eigener Kinder; Familienstand; Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland (Lebensjahr); Mitgliedschaften in Vereinen, Verbänden, kirchlichen und gesellschaftlichen Organisationen sowie Gruppen, die Traditionen des Herkunftslandes der Familie pflegen; Zweck der erteilten Aufenthaltserlaubnis; Schulabschluss erworben; Erwerb des Schulabschlusses in Deutschland, in der Türkei oder anderswo; höchster Schulabschluss; höchster in der Türkei erworbener Schulabschluss; berufliche Stellung; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Gewichtungsfaktor; BIK-Gemeindetyp; Integrations-INDEX. General situation of young people of Turkish descent and their relationship to Germany and the Germans. Sense of belonging and identity. Integration. Society and politics. 1. General situation and relationship to Germany and the Germans: born in Germany; general life satisfaction; parents are still alive, parents live in Germany or abroad; own future rather in Germany, in Turkey, in Europe, or elsewhere; life satisfaction in Germany; positive and or disturbing characteristics of Germany; personal contacts with Germans: proportion of people of German origin in the circle of friends; origin of the two closest friends; readiness for a partnership with a non-Muslim partner (Muslims only). 2. Sense of belonging and identity: German nationality; intention to German citizenship; closeness to Germany and to Turkey; self-assessment of German and Turkish language skills; identity as a German Turk (Muslims only: or Muslim); culture and cultural alienation: religiousness and religious practice in everyday life; attitudes towards religion and society. 3. Integration: sense of acceptance as an equal citizen; frequency of discrimination experience in different situations; attitude towards integration (scale); information on personal immigrant background (generation); better integration of the generation of the parents or of the own generation; self-assessment of personal integration; important aspects with regard to the integration of immigrants (immigrants themselves, state and German society); realization of these aspects and measures. 4. Society and politics: future worries; interest in politics; satisfaction with democracy; opinion on immigration: more advantages or disadvantages by immigration for Germany; Germany should take more or less refugees. Demography: sex; age; employment status; religious affiliation; Muslim affiliation; number of own children; marital status; duration of stay in Germany (age); memberships in clubs, associations, ecclesial and social organizations, and in groups, that maintain the traditions of the country of origin of the family; purpose of residence permit; graduation acquired; acquisition of graduation in Germany, in Turkey or elsewhere; highest education degree; highest in Turkey acquired education degree; occupational position; household income. Also encoded was: respondent-ID; weighting factor; BIK-type of municipality; integration-INDEX. Telefonisches Interview: CATI (Computerunterstützte telefonische Befragung) Telephone interview: CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) Türkischstämmige Bevölkerung in Deutschland im Alter von 18 bis 34 Jahren Young people of Turkish descent in Germany aged 18 to 34 years

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes toward eating disorders in native German adolescents (Germans), adolescents with Turkish migration background in Germany (Immigrants), and native Turkish adolescents (Turks). A total of 507 adolescents (N = 139 Germans; N = 126 Immigrants; N = 242 Turks) read a vignette describing a 16-year-old female with bulimic symptoms. Participants completed questionnaires on mental health literacy, stigmatization, desirability of eating disorder-related behaviors and acquaintance with bulimic symptoms. Adolescents living in Germany were more likely to recognize the vignette as an eating disorder than Turks. Immigrants were more similar to Germans in mental health literacy of eating disorders than Turks. However, in terms of stigmatizing attitudes, immigrants blamed more than Germans, Turks being intermediate on this variable. In Turks, higher desirability of eating disorder-related behaviors was associated with an increased acquaintance with bulimic symptoms and decreased evaluations of impairment. Higher mental health literacy was associated with less blame in Germans. Migration background was associated with increased mental health literacy of eating disorders but did not result in reduced stigma. Differences in attitudes toward eating disorders indicate the need for differential interventions across the groups.

Tourism in Turkey Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. Turkey has also become a popular destination for culture, spa, and health care.

At its height in 2019, Turkey attracted around 51 million foreign tourists,[1] ranking as the sixth-most-popular tourist destination in the world.[2] The total number fluctuated between around 41 million in 2015, and around 30 million in 2016.[3][4] However, recovery began in 2017, with the number of foreign visitors increasing to 37.9 million, and in 2018 to 46.1 million visitors.

Foreign tourist arrivals increased substantially in Turkey between 2000 and 2005, from 8 million to 25 million, which made Turkey a top-10 destination in the world for foreign visitors. 2005 revenues were US$20.3 billion which also made Turkey one of the top-10 biggest revenue owners in the world. In 2011, Turkey ranked as the 6th most popular tourist destination in the world and 4th in Europe, according to UNWTO World Tourism barometer. See World Tourism rankings. At its height in 2014, Turkey attracted around 42 million foreign tourists, still ranking as the 6th most popular tourist destination in the world. From 2015, tourism to Turkey entered a steep decline. In 2016, only around 30 million people visited Turkey. 2016 is described as the second year of huge losses on both visitor numbers and income, a "year of devastating losses", with Turkish tourism businesses stating that they "cannot remember a worse time in the sector". The number of foreign visitors started recovering in 2017 with 37.9 million visitors being recorded. The recovery was partly due to intense security campaigns and advertising. The number of Russian tourists increased by 444% after the recovery of bilateral relations, resulting in Russia becoming the top tourism market for Turkey once again. Increases were also recorded in the British, Dutch and Belgian markets.

In early 2017, the Turkish government urged Turkish citizens living abroad to take their vacations in Turkey, attempting to revive the struggling tourism sector of an economy that went into contraction from late 2016. After the April 2017 constitutional referendum, another sharp drop in tourist bookings from Germany was recorded. In 2018, however, the German Tourism Industry Association recorded a growth in German tourist bookings for Turkey, with a 70% increase being recorded by the TUI Group alone.

What do you know about Turkey? Have you ever been in Turkey?

Source: Vikipedia

Content This datasets contains 92 nationalities of tourists who visits Turkey between the years 2008 and 2020 (monthly)

Changes since the last version: in the .csv export there was a naming problem.

• visit_concert: This is a standard CAP variables about visiting frequencies, in numeric form.
• fct_visit_concert: This is a standard CAP variables about visiting frequencies, in categorical form.
• is_visit_concert: binary variable, 0 if the person had not visited concerts in the previous 12 months.
• artistic_activity_played_music: A variable of the frequency of playing music as an amateur or professional practice, in some surveys we have only a binary variable (played in the last 12 months or not) in other we have frequencies. We will convert this into a binary variable.
• fct_artistic_activity_played_music: The artistic_activity_played_music in categorical representation.
• artistic_activity_sung: A variable of the frequency of singing as an amateur or professional practice, like played_muisc. Because of the liturgical use of singing, and the differences of religious practices among countries and gender, this is a significantly different variable from played_music.
• fct_artistic_activity_sung: The artistic_activity_sung variable in categorical representation.
• age_exact: The respondent’s age as an integer number.
• country_code: an ISO country code
• geo: an ISO code that separates Germany to the former East and West Germany, and the United Kingdom to Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Cyprus to Cyprus and the Turiksh Cypriot community.[we may leave Turkish Cyprus out for practical reasons.]
• age_education: This is a harmonized education proxy. Because we work with the data of more than 30 countries, education levels are difficult to harmonize, and we use the Eurobarometer standard proxy, age of leaving education. It is a specially coded variable, and we will re-code them into two variables, age_education and is_student.
• is_student: is a dummy variable for the special coding in age_education for “still studying”, i.e. the person does not have yet a school leaving age. It would be tempting to impute age in this case to age_education, but we will show why this is not a good strategy.
• w, w1: Post-stratification weights for the 15+ years old population of each country. Use w1 for averages of geo entities treating Northern Ireland, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, the former GDR, the former West Germany, and Germany as geographical areas. Use w when treating the United Kingdom and Germany as one territory.
• wex: Projected weight variable. For weighted average values, use w, w1, for projections on the population size, i.e., use with sums, use wex.
• id: The identifier of the original survey.
• rowid`: A new unique identifier that is unique in all harmonized surveys, i.e., remains unique in the harmonized dataset.

- `visit_concert`: This is a standard CAP variables about visiting frequencies.
- `is_visit_concert`: binary variable, 0 if the person had not visited concerts in the previous 12 months.
- `artistic_activity_played_music`: A variable of the frequency of playing music as an amateur or professional practice, in some surveys we have only a binary variable (played in the last 12 months or not) in other we have frequencies. We will convert this into a binary variable.
- `artistic_activity_sung`: A variable of the frequency of singing as an amateur or professional practice, like played_muisc. Because of the liturgical use of singing, and the differences of religious practices among countries and gender, this is a significantly different variable from played_music.
- `age_exact`: The respondent’s age as an integer number.
- `country_code`: an ISO country code
- `geo`: an ISO code that separates Germany to the former East and West Germany, and the United Kingdom to Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Cyprus to Cyprus and the Turiksh Cypriot community.[we may leave Turkish Cyprus out for practical reasons.]
- `age_education`: This is a harmonized education proxy. Because we work with the data of more than 30 countries, education levels are difficult to harmonize, and we use the Eurobarometer standard proxy, age of leaving education. It is a specially coded variable, and we will re-code them into two variables, `age_education` and `is_student`.
- `is_student`: is a dummy variable for the special coding in age_education for “still studying”, i.e. the person does not have yet a school leaving age. It would be tempting to impute `age` in this case to `age_education`, but we will show why this is not a good strategy.
- `w`, `w1`: Post-stratification weights for the 15+ years old population of each country. Use `w1` for averages of `geo` entities treating Northern Ireland, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, the former GDR, the former West Germany, and Germany as geographical areas. Use `w` when treating the United Kingdom and Germany as one territory.
- `wex`: Projected weight variable. For weighted average values, use `w`, `w1`, for projections on the population size, i.e., use with sums, use `wex`.
- `id`: The identifier of the original survey.
- `rowid``: A new unique identifier that is unique in all harmonized surveys, i.e., remains unique in the harmonized dataset.