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The dataset used in this study experiment was from the preliminary competition dataset of the 2018 Guangdong Industrial Intelligent Manufacturing Big Data Intelligent Algorithm Competition organized by Tianchi Feiyue Cloud (https://tianchi.aliyun.com/competition/entrance/231682/introduction). We have selected the dataset, removing images that do not meet the requirements of our experiment. All datasets have been classified for training and testing. The image pixels are all 2560×1960. Before training, all defects need to be labeled using labelimg and saved as json files. Then, all json files are converted to txt files. Finally, the organized defect dataset is detected and classified.Description of the data and file structureThis is a project based on the YOLOv8 enhanced algorithm for aluminum defect classification and detection tasks.All code has been tested on Windows computers with Anaconda and CUDA-enabled GPUs. The following instructions allow users to run the code in this repository based on a Windows+CUDA GPU system already in use.Files and variablesFile: defeat_dataset.zipDescription:SetupPlease follow the steps below to set up the project:Download Project RepositoryDownload the project repository defeat_dataset.zip from the following location.Unzip and navigate to the project folder; it should contain a subfolder: quexian_datasetDownload data1.Download data .defeat_dataset.zip2.Unzip the downloaded data and move the 'defeat_dataset' folder into the project's main folder.3. Make sure that your defeat_dataset folder now contains a subfolder: quexian_dataset.4. Within the folder you should find various subfolders such as addquexian-13, quexian_dataset, new_dataset-13, etc.softwareSet up the Python environment1.Download and install the Anaconda.2.Once Anaconda is installed, activate the Anaconda Prompt. For Windows, click Start, search for Anaconda Prompt, and open it.3.Create a new conda environment with Python 3.8. You can name it whatever you like; for example. Enter the following command: conda create -n yolov8 python=3.84.Activate the created environment. If the name is , enter: conda activate yolov8Download and install the Visual Studio Code.Install PyTorch based on your system:For Windows/Linux users with a CUDA GPU: bash conda install pytorch==1.10.0 torchvision==0.11.0 torchaudio==0.10.0 cudatoolkit=11.3 -c pytorch -c conda-forgeInstall some necessary libraries:Install scikit-learn with the command: conda install anaconda scikit-learn=0.24.1Install astropy with: conda install astropy=4.2.1Install pandas using: conda install anaconda pandas=1.2.4Install Matplotlib with: conda install conda-forge matplotlib=3.5.3Install scipy by entering: conda install scipy=1.10.1RepeatabilityFor PyTorch, it's a well-known fact:There is no guarantee of fully reproducible results between PyTorch versions, individual commits, or different platforms. In addition, results may not be reproducible between CPU and GPU executions, even if the same seed is used.All results in the Analysis Notebook that involve only model evaluation are fully reproducible. However, when it comes to updating the model on the GPU, the results of model training on different machines vary.Access informationOther publicly accessible locations of the data:https://tianchi.aliyun.com/dataset/public/Data was derived from the following sources:https://tianchi.aliyun.com/dataset/140666Data availability statementThe ten datasets used in this study come from Guangdong Industrial Wisdom Big Data Innovation Competition - Intelligent Algorithm Competition Rematch. and the dataset download link is https://tianchi.aliyun.com/competition/entrance/231682/information?lang=en-us. Officially, there are 4,356 images, including single blemish images, multiple blemish images and no blemish images. The official website provides 4,356 images, including single defect images, multiple defect images and no defect images. We have selected only single defect images and multiple defect images, which are 3,233 images in total. The ten defects are non-conductive, effacement, miss bottom corner, orange, peel, varicolored, jet, lacquer bubble, jump into a pit, divulge the bottom and blotch. Each image contains one or more defects, and the resolution of the defect images are all 2560×1920.By investigating the literature, we found that most of the experiments were done with 10 types of defects, so we chose three more types of defects that are more different from these ten types and more in number, which are suitable for the experiments. The three newly added datasets come from the preliminary dataset of Guangdong Industrial Wisdom Big Data Intelligent Algorithm Competition. The dataset can be downloaded from https://tianchi.aliyun.com/dataset/140666. There are 3,000 images in total, among which 109, 73 and 43 images are for the defects of bruise, camouflage and coating cracking respectively. Finally, the 10 types of defects in the rematch and the 3 types of defects selected in the preliminary round are fused into a new dataset, which is examined in this dataset.In the processing of the dataset, we tried different division ratios, such as 8:2, 7:3, 7:2:1, etc. After testing, we found that the experimental results did not differ much for different division ratios. Therefore, we divide the dataset according to the ratio of 7:2:1, the training set accounts for 70%, the validation set accounts for 20%, and the testing set accounts for 10%. At the same time, the random number seed is set to 0 to ensure that the results obtained are consistent every time the model is trained.Finally, the mean Average Precision (mAP) metric obtained from the experiment was tested on the dataset a total of three times. Each time the results differed very little, but for the accuracy of the experimental results, we took the average value derived from the highest and lowest results. The highest was 71.5% and the lowest was 71.1%, resulting in an average detection accuracy of 71.3% for the final experiment.All data and images utilized in this research are from publicly available sources, and the original creators have given their consent for these materials to be published in open-access formats.The settings for other parameters are as follows. epochs: 200，patience: 50，batch: 16，imgsz: 640，pretrained: true，optimizer: SGD，close_mosaic: 10，iou: 0.7，momentum: 0.937，weight_decay: 0.0005，box: 7.5，cls: 0.5，dfl: 1.5，pose: 12.0，kobj: 1.0，save_dir: runs/trainThe defeat_dataset.(ZIP)is mentioned in the Supporting information section of our manuscript. The underlying data are held at Figshare. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27922929.The results_images.zipin the system contains the experimental results graphs.The images_1.zipand images_2.zipin the system contain all the images needed to generate the manuscript.tex manuscript.

Graph and download economic data for Global price of Aluminum (PALUMUSDM) from Jan 1990 to Jun 2025 about aluminum, World, and price.

Key information about Ukraine Aluminum Exports

• Ukraine Aluminum Exports was reported at 80,321.254 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records an increase from the previous number of 74,053.309 USD th for Dec 2022
• Ukraine Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 142,867.000 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 438,702.100 USD th in 2000 and a record low of 56,093.975 USD th in 2019
• Ukraine Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

United States Imports from Mexico of Aluminum was US$1.84 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United States Imports from Mexico of Aluminum - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.

This dataset provides values for ALUMINUM reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about United Kingdom Aluminum Exports

• United Kingdom Aluminum Exports was reported at 1,458,126.267 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,885,122.427 USD th for Dec 2022
• UK Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 1,623,968.974 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,934,493.666 USD th in 2007 and a record low of 1,227,413.115 USD th in 2020
• UK Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

Aluminum prices in , September, 2025 For that commodity indicator, we provide data from January 1960 to September 2025. The average value during that period was 1452.73 USD per metric ton with a minimum of 496.04 USD per metric ton in March 1962 and a maximum of 3577.86 USD per metric ton in June 1988. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Key information about Switzerland Aluminum Exports

• Switzerland Aluminum Exports was reported at 1,842,420.114 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,099,434.160 USD th for Dec 2022
• Switzerland Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 1,280,055.354 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,099,434.160 USD th in 2022 and a record low of 681,305.472 USD th in 1999
• Switzerland Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

United States Exports of aluminum to Canada was US$3.21 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United States Exports of aluminum to Canada - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.

Key information about Hungary Aluminum Exports

• Hungary Aluminum Exports was reported at 781,447.139 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 979,778.788 USD th for Dec 2022
• Hungary Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 666,080.617 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,016,301.285 USD th in 2007 and a record low of 331,558.093 USD th in 1996
• Hungary Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

88238 Global import shipment records of Aluminium with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

United Kingdom Exports of aluminum was US$3.61 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United Kingdom Exports of aluminum - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on September of 2025.

Key information about Sudan Aluminum Exports

• Sudan Aluminum Exports was reported at 3.584 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records an increase from the previous number of 3.518 USD th for Dec 2022
• Sudan Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 4.215 USD th from Dec 2012 to 2023, with 10 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 103.326 USD th in 2014 and a record low of 1.694 USD th in 2019
• Sudan Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

Key information about Kenya Aluminum Exports

• Kenya Aluminum Exports was reported at 7,313.809 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records an increase from the previous number of 5,498.283 USD th for Dec 2022
• Kenya Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 7,899.984 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 49,823.039 USD th in 2008 and a record low of 3,767.273 USD th in 2021
• Kenya Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

United States Imports from China of Aluminum was US$3.07 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United States Imports from China of Aluminum - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on September of 2025.

Cuba Exports of aluminum was US$4.72 Million during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Cuba Exports of aluminum - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.

Key information about Syria Aluminum Exports

• Syria Aluminum Exports was reported at 40,577.809 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records an increase from the previous number of 33,511.251 USD th for Dec 2022
• Syria Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 17,562.935 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 130,866.483 USD th in 2008 and a record low of 1,804.040 USD th in 2002
• Syria Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

Key information about Israel Aluminum Exports

• Israel Aluminum Exports was reported at 33,824.863 USD th in Dec 2023
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 38,257.000 USD th for Dec 2022
• Israel Aluminum Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 76,758.000 USD th from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 132,520.000 USD th in 2007 and a record low of 33,824.863 USD th in 2023
• Israel Aluminum Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Metal and Mining Sector – Table WB.UNCTAD.AL: Non-Ferrous Metals: Aluminium: Export Value by Individual Economies and Territories

European Union Imports of aluminum from United States was US$954.99 Million during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. European Union Imports of aluminum from United States - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.