This dataset is the average of annual percentage increase of health care expenditure information by state of residence between 1991-2009. Total health spending includes all privately and publicly funded hospital care, physician services, nursing home care, and prescription drugs etc. by state of residence. This spending includes hospital spending and is the total net revenue that is calculated as gross charges less contractual adjustments, bad debts, and charity care.

BackgroundMedicare Advantage (MA) and Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) plans have different financial incentives. Medicare pays predetermined rates per beneficiary to MA plans for providing care throughout the year, while providers serving FFS patients are reimbursed per utilization event. It is unknown how these incentives affect post-acute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). The objective of this study was to examine differences in rehabilitation service use, length of stay, and outcomes for patients following hip fracture between FFS and MA enrollees.Methods and findingsThis was a retrospective cohort study to examine differences in health service utilization and outcomes between FFS and MA patients in SNFs following hip fracture hospitalization during the period January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2015, and followed up until December 31, 2015. We linked the Master Beneficiary Summary File, Medicare Provider and Analysis Review data, Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set data, the Minimum Data Set, and the American Community Survey. The 6 primary outcomes of interest in this study included 2 process measures and 4 patient-centered outcomes. Process measures included length of stay in the SNF and average rehabilitation therapy minutes (physical and occupational therapy) received per day. Patient-centered outcomes included 30-day hospital readmission, changes in functional status as measured by the 28-point late loss MDS-ADL scale, likelihood of becoming a long-term resident, and successful discharge to the community. Successful discharge from a SNF was defined as being discharged to the community within 100 days of SNF admission and remaining alive in the community without being institutionalized in any acute or post-acute setting for at least 30 days. We analyzed 211,296 FFS and 75,554 MA patients with hip fracture admitted directly to a SNF following an index hospitalization who had not been in a nursing facility or hospital in the preceding year. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and nursing facility fixed effects regression models to compare treatments and outcomes between MA and FFS patients. MA patients were younger and less cognitively impaired upon SNF admission than FFS patients. After applying IPTW, demographic and clinical characteristics of MA patients were comparable with those of FFS patients. After adjusting for risk factors using IPTW-weighted fixed effects regression models, MA patients spent 5.1 (95% CI -5.4 to -4.8) fewer days in the SNF and received 463 (95% CI to -483.2 to -442.4) fewer minutes of total rehabilitation therapy during the first 40 days following SNF admission, i.e., 12.1 (95% CI -12.7 to -11.4) fewer minutes of rehabilitation therapy per day compared to FFS patients. In addition, MA patients had a 1.2 percentage point (95% CI -1.5 to -1.1) lower 30-day readmission rate, 0.6 percentage point (95% CI -0.8 to -0.3) lower rate of becoming a long-stay resident, and a 3.2 percentage point (95% CI 2.7 to 3.7) higher rate of successful discharge to the community compared to FFS patients. The major limitation of this study was that we only adjusted for observed differences to address selection bias between FFS and MA patients with hip fracture. Therefore, results may not be generalizable to other conditions requiring extensive rehabilitation.ConclusionsCompared to FFS patients, MA patients had a shorter course of rehabilitation but were more likely to be discharged to the community successfully and were less likely to experience a 30-day hospital readmission. Longer lengths of stay may not translate into better outcomes in the case of hip fracture patients in SNFs.

With the recent Ebola epidemic, the flaws in Liberia’s medical infrastructure have been made painfully obvious. Liberia, a country of four million people, has only 37 practicing doctors according to health officials. This is evidence of a serious lack in the availability of medical services to the majority of Liberians. An American gynecologist who visited the country in 2012 to provide services with a team from the Mt. Sinai Hospital observed families of hospital patients supplying their own food and bed linens due to the medical facility they were working in lacking funds for basic necessities. The root issue at the heart of many of Liberia’s woes stems from the long civil war. In addition to damaging the medical infrastructure, the country’s only medical school was forced to close for long periods of time, resulting in medical students taking an average eight years to graduate. There has been a serious push for reform and revitalization with medical facilities being rebuilt and medical students now on track to spend only three years in school. Liberia is facing a number of issues, and prior to the current epidemic has not prioritized health expenditures. The government spends an estimated 16.8 percent of their GDP, the lowest in the world, on healthcare. The average GDP spending on healthcare systems in sub-Saharan Africa is ~50 percent. Liberia’s healthcare system is highly dependent on international aid. Donors finance 50 percent of total health expenditures. Approximately 80 percent of all health services are provided by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future. However, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has been working with NGOs such as Health Systems 20/20 to improve their existing infrastructure. Attribute Table Field DescriptionsISO3 - International Organization for Standardization 3-digit country code ADM0_NAME - Administration level zero identification / name ADM1_NAME - Administration level one identification / name ADM2_NAME - Administration level two identification / name NAME - Name of health facility TYPE1 - Primary classification in the geodatabase TYPE2 - Secondary classification in the geodatabase CITY - City location available SPA_ACC - Spatial accuracy of site location (1 – high, 2 – medium, 3 – low) COMMENTS - Comments or notes regarding themedical facility SOURCE_DT - Source one creation date SOURCE - Source one SOURCE2_DT - Source two creation date SOURCE2 - Source two CollectionThe feature class was generated utilizing data from OpenStreetMap, Wikimapia, GeoNames and other sources. OpenStreetMap is a free worldwide map, created by crowd-sourcing. Wikimapia is open-content mapping focused on gathering all geographical objects in the world. GeoNames is a geographical places database maintained and edited by the online community. Consistent naming conventions for geographic locations were attempted but name variants may exist, which can include historical or less widespread interpretations.The data included herein have not been derived from a registered survey and should be considered approximate unless otherwise defined. While rigorous steps have been taken to ensure the quality of each dataset, DigitalGlobe is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of data compiled from outside sources.Sources (HGIS)Aizenman, Nurith and Beemsterboer, Nicole. “Why Patients Aren’t Coming to Liberia’s Redemption Hospital.” August 27, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.npr.org.“Liberia: ArcelorMittal Folds Partly – Terminates Expansion Contract.” All Africa. August 14, 2013. Accessed September 26, 2014. allafrica.com. Cohen, Elizabeth. “Ebola Patients Left to Lie on the Ground.” CNN. September 23, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.cnn.com.“Kingdom Care Medical Center Reaches Rural Communities with Health Care.” Daily Observer. January 28, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.liberianobserver.com. DigitalGlobe, "DigitalGlobe Imagery Archive." Accessed September 24, 2014.“Eternal Love Winning Africa: ELWA Hospital.” Eternal Love Winning Africa. January 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.elwaministries.org.Freeman, Colin. “One Patient in a 200-bed Hospital: How Ebola has Devastated Liberia’s Health System.” The Telegraph. August 15, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.telegraph.co.uk.“Lewin Reaches Out to River Gee, Maryland.” Gale Global Issues. March 4, 2013. . Accessed September 26, 2014. find.galegroup.com. Gbelewala, Korboi. “Liberia: Health Offical – Ebola Death Toll Hits 11 in Lofa.” All Africa. June 24, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. allafrica.com. GeoNames, "Liberia." September 23, 2014. Accessed September 23, 2014. www.geonames.org.Google, September 2014. Accessed September 2014. www.google.com.Kollie, Namotee P.M. “Liberia: C.B. Dunbar Hospital Receives Medical Supplies.” September 27, 2013. Accessed September 26, 2014. allafrica.com.“MSF Hands Over Last Hospitals to Ministry of Health after 20 Years of Emergency Aid in Liberia.” Medecins Sans Frontieres. June 25, 2010. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.msf.org. Nah, Vivian M. and Johnson, Obediah. “Liberia: Ebola Kills Woman at Duside Hospital in Firestone.” All Africa. April 4, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. allafrica.com. “Catholic Hospital Director Dies of Ebola in Liberia.” National Catholic Register. August 05, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.ncregister.com.OpenStreetMap, "Liberia." September 2014. Accessed September 18, 2014. www.openstreetmap.org.Senkpeni, Alpha Daffae. “No Ebola Gears for Clinic in Grand Bassa District #2.” Front Page Africa. August 12, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.frontpageafricaonline.com. “Seventh-day Adventist Cooper Hospital” Seventh-Day Adventist Church. November 18, 2004. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.adventistdirectory.org.“St. Benedict Menni Rehabilitation Centre, Liberia.” Sisters Hospitallers. January 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.sistershospitallers.org. “Liberia – SOS Medical and Social Centres.” SOS Children’s Villages. January 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.sos-medical-centres.org.“Liberia.” Sustainable Marketplace. January 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. liberia.buildingmarkets.org. “Reconstruction of the Vinjama Hospital in Liberia.” Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). January 2014. Accessed September 26, 2014. www.sdc.admin.ch. Verdier, Lewis S. “Liberia: TB On the Rise in Pleebo.” All Africa. March 28, 2013. Accessed September 26, 2014. allafrica.com.Wikimapia, "Liberia." September 2014. Accessed September 22, 2014. wikimapia.org.“Snapper Hill Clinic.” Word Press. November 12, 2012. Accessed September 26, 2014. jbloodnc.wordpress.com.Sources (Metadata)Neporent, Liz. "Liberia's Medical Conditions Dire Even Before Ebola Outbreak." ABC News. August 4, 2014. Accessed October 3, 2014. abcnews.go.com."Liberia." Health Systems Strengthening: Where We Work:. January 1, 2014. Accessed October 3, 2014. www.healthsystems2020.org."Financing Liberia's Health Care." Health Systems Strengthening: News:. February 13, 2012. Accessed October 3, 2014. www.healthsystems2020.org.UNCLASSIFIED

These are peer-reviewed supplementary materials for the article 'Evaluation of inpatient and emergency department healthcare resource utilization and costs pre- and post-nusinersen for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy using United States claims' published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research.Supplementary Figure 1: Mean (SD) number of inpatient admissions per patient in individuals with SMA in the 12 months before and after nusinersen treatment. Mean (SD) number of days spent in hospital per patient in individuals with SMA in the 12 months before and after nusinersen treatment.Supplementary Figure 2: Mean (SD) ED visits and costs per patient in individuals with SMA in the 12 months before and after nusinersen treatment.Supplementary Table 1: Patient baseline characteristics of cohorts aligned with steps of patient selection criteria (who were ultimately excluded) in comparison to final cohort.Aim: Nusinersen, administered by intrathecal injection at a dose of 12 mg, is indicated across all ages for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Evidence on real-world healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs among patients taking nusinersen remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate real-world HRU and costs associated with nusinersen use through US claims databases. Patients & methods: Using the Merative™ MarketScan R ? Research Databases, patients with SMA receiving nusinersen were identified from commercial (January 2017 to June 2020) and Medicaid claims (January 2017 to December 2019). Those likely to have complete information on the date of nusinersen initiation and continuous enrollment 12 months pre- and post-index (first record of nusinersen treatment) were retained. Number and costs (US$ 2020) of inpatient admissions and emergency department (ED) visits, unrelated to nusinersen administration, were evaluated for 12 months pre- and post-nusinersen initiation and stratified by age: pediatric (

The current healthcare spending per capita in Argentina was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 178.8 U.S. dollars (+14.26 percent). According to this forecast, in 2029, the spending will have increased for the fourth consecutive year to 1,432.6 U.S. dollars. Depicted here is the average per capita spending, in a given country or region, with regards to healthcare. The spending refers to the average current spending of both governments and consumers per inhabitant.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the current healthcare spending per capita in countries like Chile and Uruguay.

The current healthcare spending per capita in Ghana was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 20.5 U.S. dollars (+22.15 percent). After the fourth consecutive increasing year, the spending is estimated to reach 113.05 U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. Depicted here is the average per capita spending, in a given country or region, with regards to healthcare. The spending refers to the average current spending of both governments and consumers per inhabitant.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the current healthcare spending per capita in countries like Ivory Coast and Nigeria.