Detailed, accurate and timely data and statistics are essential for the monitoring and evaluation of renewable energy policies and deployment. IRENA helps analysts, policy makers and the public make informed decisions by providing access to comprehensive and up-to-date renewable energy data. IRENA publishes detailed statistics on renewable energy capacity, power generation and renewable energy balances. This data is collected directly from members using the IRENA Renewable Energy Statistics questionnaire and is also supplemented by desk research where official statistics are not available. Renewable power-generation capacity statistics are released annually in March. Additionally, renewable power generation and renewable energy balances data sets are released in July. IRENA’s statistics unit helps members to strengthen their data collection and reporting activities through training and methodological guidance. Member countries are encouraged to participate in this process. Explore IRENA data and statistics by browsing a wide range of topics such as Capacity and Generation, Costs, Finance and more on the menu.

Abstract

This public dataset contains key variables on energy consumption (primary energy, per capita, and growth rates), energy mix, electricity mix and other relevant metrics, made available by Our World in Data. Curated by Carnegie Mellon University Libraries.

Methodology

Additional data sources used by Our World in Data include:

• Energy Institute, https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review
• U.S. Energy Information Administration, https://www.eia.gov/opendata/index.php#bulk-downloads
• The Shift Dataportal, https://www.theshiftdataportal.org/energy
• Ember, https://ember-climate.org/data-catalogue/yearly-electricity-data/
• HYDE version 3.2, https://www.pbl.nl/en/image/links/hyde
• Gapminder's Population version 7, https://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/gd003/
• UN World Population Prospect, https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
• Gapminder's Systema Globalis, https://github.com/open-numbers/ddf--gapminder--systema_globalis
• World Bank's data on income groups
• Bolt, J., & van Zanden, J. L. (2020). Maddison Project Database, version 2020. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2020

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Usage

License:

• Creative Commons BY
• See data sources (specified in Methodology) for additional license terms

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Codebook:

Please refer to the codebook for variable metadata (see the table named "codebook").

United States Electricity Consumption data was reported at 10.243 kWh/Day bn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.765 kWh/Day bn for Feb 2025. United States Electricity Consumption data is updated monthly, averaging 9.940 kWh/Day bn from Jan 1991 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 411 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.179 kWh/Day bn in Jul 2024 and a record low of 7.190 kWh/Day bn in Apr 1991. United States Electricity Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.RB004: Electricity Supply and Consumption. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

This dataset contains detailed measurements of electric power consumption in a household over a span of nearly four years. Collected at a one-minute sampling rate, the data provides insights into various electrical quantities and sub-metering values for the household. The dataset includes 2,075,259 observations and covers a period from December 2006 to November 2010.

This dataset is ideal for time-series analysis, regression modeling, clustering, and other tasks related to energy consumption forecasting, anomaly detection, and pattern recognition. It provides a valuable resource for understanding household energy usage and behavior.

Column Descriptions Date

Type: Date Description: The date in dd/mm/yyyy format. Missing Values: No Time

Type: Categorical Description: The time in hh:mm:ss format. Missing Values: No Global_active_power

Type: Continuous Description: Household global minute-averaged active power (in kilowatts). Missing Values: No Global_reactive_power

Type: Continuous Description: Household global minute-averaged reactive power (in kilowatts). Missing Values: No Voltage

Type: Continuous Description: Minute-averaged voltage (in volts). Missing Values: No Global_intensity

Type: Continuous Description: Household global minute-averaged current intensity (in amperes). Missing Values: No Sub_metering_1

Type: Continuous Description: Energy sub-metering No. 1 (in watt-hours of active energy), related to the kitchen. Missing Values: No Sub_metering_2

Type: Continuous Description: Energy sub-metering No. 2 (in watt-hours of active energy), related to the laundry room. Missing Values: No Sub_metering_3

Type: Continuous Description: Energy sub-metering No. 3 (in watt-hours of active energy), related to an electric water heater and air-conditioner. Missing Values: No

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The Global Power Plant Database is a comprehensive, open source database of power plants around the world. It centralizes power plant data to make it easier to navigate, compare and draw insights for one’s own analysis. The database covers approximately 35,000 power plants from 167 countries and includes thermal plants (e.g. coal, gas, oil, nuclear, biomass, waste, geothermal) and renewables (e.g. hydro, wind, solar). Each power plant is geolocated and entries contain information on plant capacity, generation, ownership, and fuel type. It will be continuously updated as data becomes available.

Google’s energy consumption has increased over the last few years, reaching 25.9 terawatt hours in 2023, up from 12.8 terawatt hours in 2019. The company has made efforts to make its data centers more efficient through customized high-performance servers, using smart temperature and lighting, advanced cooling techniques, and machine learning. Datacenters and energy Through its operations, Google pursues a more sustainable impact on the environment by creating efficient data centers that use less energy than the average, transitioning towards renewable energy, creating sustainable workplaces, and providing its users with the technological means towards a cleaner future for the future generations. Through its efficient data centers, Google has also managed to divert waste from its operations away from landfills. Reducing Google’s carbon footprint Google’s clean energy efforts is also related to their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint. Since their commitment to using 100 percent renewable energy, the company has met their targets largely through solar and wind energy power purchase agreements and buying renewable power from utilities. Google is one of the largest corporate purchasers of renewable energy in the world.

This dataset contains the GIS data used in the report, "Global Photovoltaic Power Potential by Country" generated by Solargis (https://solargis.com) with funding provided by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). The study summarizes global solar resource and PV power potential on a country and regional basis. Analysis is based on Solargis's high-resolution datasets, and GIS mask layers which are downloadable via the 'resources' tab. A country comparison spreadsheet is also provided as an additional download, which provides indicators of PV power potential for all countries as described in the study. The study provides: • Ranking and comparison of countries and regions according to their PV potential; • Approximate levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) relevant to current PV projects; • Cross-correlation with the socio-economic indicators relevant to PV development. Data information: Format: raster (GeoTIFF) size: 5.3 GB Zip file contains README.txt

The Global Energy Statistical Yearbook is an Enerdata's free online interactive data tool. It allows users to browse energy data through intuitive maps and graphs, for visual analysis of the latest trends in the energy industry and decarbonisation in G20. This open data tool provides users with access to energy-related statistics on production, consumption, and trade of oil, gas, coal, power, and renewables, as well as on CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Geographically, it covers 60 countries and regions throughout the world, including updated data until 2018.

This table expresses the use of renewable energy as gross final consumption of energy. Figures are presented in an absolute way, as well as related to the total energy use in the Netherlands. The total gross final energy consumption in the Netherlands (the denominator used to calculate the percentage of renewable energy per ‘Energy sources and techniques’) can be found in the table as ‘Total, including non-renewables’ and Energy application ‘Total’. The gross final energy consumption for the energy applications ‘Electricity’ and ‘Heat’ are also available. With these figures the percentages of the different energy sources and applications can be calculated; these values are not available in this table. The gross final energy consumption for ‘Transport’ is not available because of the complexity to calculate this. More information on this can be found in the yearly publication ‘Hernieuwbare energie in Nederland’.

Renewable energy is energy from wind, hydro power, the sun, the earth, heat from outdoor air and biomass. This is energy from natural processes that is replenished constantly.

The figures are broken down into energy source/technique and into energy application (electricity, heat and transport).

This table focuses on the share of renewable energy according to the EU Renewable Energy Directive. Under this directive, countries can apply an administrative transfer by purchasing renewable energy from countries that have consumed more renewable energy than the agreed target. For 2020, the Netherlands has implemented such a transfer by purchasing renewable energy from Denmark. This transfer has been made visible in this table as a separate energy source/technique and two totals are included; a total with statistical transfer and a total without statistical transfer.

Figures for 2020 and before were calculated based on RED I; in accordance with Eurostat these figures will not be modified anymore. Inconsistencies with other tables undergoing updates may occur.

Data available from: 1990

Status of the figures: This table contains definite figures up to and including 2022, figures for 2023 are revised provisional figures and figures for 2024 are provisional.

Changes as of July 2025: Compiling figures on solar electricity took more time than scheduled. Consequently, not all StatLine tables on energy contain the most recent 2024 data on production for solar electricity. This table contains the outdated data from June 2025. The most recent figures are 5 percent higher for 2024 solar electricity production. These figures are in these two tables (in Dutch): - StatLine - Zonnestroom; vermogen en vermogensklasse, bedrijven en woningen, regio - StatLine - Hernieuwbare energie; zonnestroom, windenergie, RES-regio Next update is scheduled in November 2025. From that moment all figures will be fully consistent again. We apologize for the inconvenience.

Changes as of june 2025: Figures for 2024 have been added.

Changes as of January 2025 Renewable cooling has been added as Energy source and technique from 2021 onwards, in accordance with RED II. Figures for 2020 and earlier follow RED I definitions, renewable cooling isn’t a part of these definitions.
The energy application “Heat” has been renamed to “Heating and cooling”, in accordance with RED II definitions. RED II is the current Renewable Energy Directive which entered into force in 2021

Changes as of November 15th 2024 Figures for 2021-2023 have been adjusted. 2022 is now definitive, 2023 stays revised provisional. Because of new insights for windmills regarding own electricity use and capacity, figures on 2021 have been revised.

Changes as of March 2024: Figures of the total energy applications of biogas, co-digestion of manure and other biogas have been restored for 2021 and 2022. The final energy consumption of non-compliant biogas (according to RED II) was wrongly included in the total final consumption of these types of biogas. Figures of total biogas, total biomass and total renewable energy were not influenced by this and therefore not adjusted.

When will new figures be published? Provisional figures on the gross final consumption of renewable energy in broad outlines for the previous year are published each year in June. Revised provisional figures for the previous year appear each year in June.

In November all figures on the consumption of renewable energy in the previous year will be published. These figures remain revised provisional, definite figures appear in November two years after the reporting year. Most important (expected) changes between revised provisional figures in November and definite figures a year later are the figures on solar photovoltaic energy. The figures on the share of total energy consumption in the Netherlands could also still be changed by the availability of adjusted figures on total energy consumption.

The World Energy Outlook (WEO), published every year by the International Energy Agency (IEA), is the most authoritative global source of energy analysis and projections. It identifies and explores the biggest trends in energy demand and supply, as well as what they mean for energy security, emissions and economic development. The WEO-2024 Extended Dataset includes more detailed information at regional and country-level for Announced Pledges Scenarios (APS) and Stated Policies (STEPS) (including detailed energy balance, electrical capacity, electricity generation, CO2 emission by region, economic and activity indicators, etc.) across projected years (2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050) as well as historical data (2010, 2015, 2022, 2023). The aggregate for World and Advanced Economies (ADVECO) also includes the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario. The Extended Dataset also includes chapter figures, investment, trade and power sector capacity addition and retirement, fossil fuel prices, refining capacity and runs, power generation technology costs and assumptions and air pollution data. source Data available for years: 2010-2024 + projections through 2050

Electricity Generation: Water Power data was reported at 9,757,635.000 MWh in May 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10,037,426.000 MWh for Apr 2018. Electricity Generation: Water Power data is updated monthly, averaging 10,561,529.000 MWh from Jan 1993 (Median) to May 2018, with 305 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,834,861.000 MWh in Jan 2016 and a record low of 5,563,904.000 MWh in Jul 1996. Electricity Generation: Water Power data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Norway. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.RB007: Electricity Consumption and Generation.

The database covers 230 economies globally. It tracks the type of power market structure in operation in each economy between 1989 and 2024. I capture to the extent possible the market structure that is in operation within this time period and not the structure that may be legally in place under law but was not yet implemented. The database’s objective is to present different designs pursued by countries globally in structuring their power markets.

The key data captured in the database include:

1.Type of power market structure in operation in each economy between 1989 and 2024. There are 10 power market structures I consider in the database.

2.Unbundling of transmission: I cover the year of unbundling and type of unbundling (account, legal, ITO, functional, ISO).

3.Sector regulator: I cover the year the regulator was established. I included a link to the regulators website and provide a description of the regulator’s functions.

4.IPP entry: I capture the year the first IPP became operational, the technology type of the IPP, if the first IPP is currently under construction.

This dataset presents a unified, cross-continental time-series day-ahead electricity prices compiled from major wholesale markets across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. The dataset offers a standardized format that supports time-series forecasting and enables robust comparative analysis across diverse global electricity markets.

Pakistan Electricity Consumption: Total data was reported at 110,764.000 GWh in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 114,300.000 GWh for 2023. Pakistan Electricity Consumption: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 71,541.500 GWh from Jun 1991 (Median) to 2024, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116,816.000 GWh in 2021 and a record low of 31,534.000 GWh in 1991. Pakistan Electricity Consumption: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.RB006: Electricity Generation and Consumption.

The data this week comes from Our World in Data's Energy Data Explorer. Complete dataset available via https://github.com/owid/energy-data.

The complete Energy dataset is a collection of key metrics maintained by Our World in Data. It is updated regularly and includes data on energy consumption (primary energy, per capita, and growth rates), energy mix, electricity mix and other relevant metrics.

This data has been collected, aggregated, and documented by Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado, Edouard Mathieu, Max Roser.

Our World in Data makes data and research on the world's largest problems understandable and accessible.

Data Dictionary

owid-energy.csv

The Global Power Plant Database is a comprehensive, open source database of power plants around the world. It centralizes power plant data to make it easier to navigate, compare and draw insights. Each power plant is geolocated and entries contain information on plant capacity, generation, ownership, and fuel type. As …

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA) is a database for the central storage of the worldwide measured energy fluxes at the Earth's surface, maintained at ETH Zurich (Switzerland). This paper documents the status of the GEBA version 2017 dataset, presents the new web interface and user access, and reviews the scientific impact that GEBA data had in various applications. GEBA has continuously been expanded and updated and contains in its 2017 version around 500.000 monthly mean entries of various surface energy balance components measured at 2500 locations. The database contains observations from 15 surface energy flux components, with the most widely measured quantity available in GEBA being the shortwave radiation incident at the Earth's surface (global radiation). Many of the historic records extend over several decades. GEBA contains monthly data from a variety of sources, namely from the World Radiation Data Centre (WRDC) in St. Petersburg, from national weather services, from different research networks (BSRN, ARM, SURFRAD), from peer-reviewed publications, project and data reports, and from personal communications. Quality checks are applied to test for gross errors in the dataset. GEBA has played a key role in various research applications, such as in the quantification of the global energy balance, in the discussion of the anomalous atmospheric shortwave absorption, and in the detection of multi-decadal variations in global radiation, known as "global dimming" and "brightening". GEBA is further extensively used for the evaluation of climate models and satellite-derived surface flux products. On a more applied level, GEBA provides the basis for engineering applications in the context of solar power generation, water management, agricultural production and tourism. GEBA is publicly accessible through the internet via http://www.geba.ethz.ch.

The table owid-energy-data is part of the dataset Our World in Data - Energy, available at https://cmu.redivis.com/datasets/8zxp-8ky8nxmm4. It contains 22012 rows across 129 variables.