The UK's direct use of energy from fossil fuels and other sources (nuclear, net imports, renewables, biofuels and waste and reallocated use of energy by industry (SIC 2007 section - 21 categories), 1990 to 2023.

[v2 update] weather data correction

The data describes an electrical energy community, containing photovoltaic (PV) production profiles and end-user consumption profiles, desegregated by individual appliances used.

A dataset of a residential community was constructed based on real data, where sample consumption and photovoltaic generation profiles were attributed to 50 residential households and a public building (municipal library), a total of 51 buildings. The data concerns a full year.

The overall power consumption of these houses was desegregated into the consumption of 10 commonly used appliances using real energy profiles.

This work has been published in Elsevier's Data in Brief journal: Calvin Goncalves, Ruben Barreto, Pedro Faria, Luis Gomes, Zita Vale, Dataset of an energy community's generation and consumption with appliance allocation, Data in Brief, Volume 45, 2022, 108590, ISSN 2352-3409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108590 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340922007971)

We would be grateful if you could acknowledge the use of this dataset in your publications. Please use the Data in Brief publication to cite this work.

Reference data used to create this dataset:

Renewable energy production profiles: https://site.ieee.org/pes-iss/data-sets/

End-user profiles:

https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/smartmeter-energy-use-data-in-london-households

https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/individual+household+electric+power+consumption

https://site.ieee.org/pes-iss/data-sets/

United Kingdom UK: Electric Power Consumption: per Capita data was reported at 5,129.528 kWh in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,409.630 kWh for 2013. United Kingdom UK: Electric Power Consumption: per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 5,082.440 kWh from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2014, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,270.984 kWh in 2005 and a record low of 2,412.137 kWh in 1960. United Kingdom UK: Electric Power Consumption: per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Energy Production and Consumption. Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

The UK's reallocated energy use and energy intensity - the level of usage per unit of economic output, by industry (SIC 2007 group - around 130 categories), 1990 to 2023.

Energy consumption readings for a sample of 5,567 London Households that took part in the UK Power Networks led Low Carbon London project between November 2011 and February 2014.

Readings were taken at half hourly intervals. The customers in the trial were recruited as a balanced sample representative of the Greater London population.

The dataset contains energy consumption, in kWh (per half hour), unique household identifier, date and time. The CSV file is around 10GB when unzipped and contains around 167million rows.

Within the data set are two groups of customers. The first is a sub-group, of approximately 1100 customers, who were subjected to Dynamic Time of Use (dToU) energy prices throughout the 2013 calendar year period. The tariff prices were given a day ahead via the Smart Meter IHD (In Home Display) or text message to mobile phone. Customers were issued High (67.20p/kWh), Low (3.99p/kWh) or normal (11.76p/kWh) price signals and the times of day these applied. The dates/times and the price signal schedule is availaible as part of this dataset. All non-Time of Use customers were on a flat rate tariff of 14.228pence/kWh.

The signals given were designed to be representative of the types of signal that may be used in the future to manage both high renewable generation (supply following) operation and also test the potential to use high price signals to reduce stress on local distribution grids during periods of stress.

The remaining sample of approximately 4500 customers energy consumption readings were not subject to the dToU tariff.

More information can be found on the Low Carbon London webpage

Some analysis of this data can be seen here.

The UK's energy use by industry (SIC 2007 group - around 130 categories), source (for example, industrial and domestic combustion, aircraft, road transport and so on - around 80 categories) and fuel (for example, anthracite, peat, natural gas and so on - around 20 categories), 1990 to 2023.

The United Kingdom’s electricity use has been declining since peaking at *** terawatt-hours in 2005. In 2024, the UK's electricity increased on the previous year, amounting to *** terawatt-hours. Electricity consumption in the UK typically follows a seasonal trend, peaking in the winter months. How electricity-intensive is the UK? Despite the continual decline in electricity consumption, the UK remains one of the largest electricity consumers in the world. In terms of per capita electricity consumption, however, the UK ranks low in comparison to other European countries such as Norway, Germany, and France. In 2023, it registered an average of ***** kilowatt-hours per person. The race towards a clean power mix In 2010, gas and coal accounted for roughly ** percent of the UK's power mix. Since then, alongside the EU Renewables Directive, the UK agreed and created its own National Renewable Energy Plan, to increase the use of renewable sources and decrease its fossil fuel dependence. In the past decade, the share of energy consumption in the UK attributable to renewable energy increased slightly, although it was still a small percentage out of the total in 2023.

The UK's energy use from renewable and waste sources, by source (for example, hydroelectric power, wind, wave, solar, and so on) and industry (SIC 2007 section - 21 categories), 1990 to 2023.

Introduction The dataset captures yearly load profiles for different demand types, used by UK Power Networks to run import curtailment assessment studies.

The import curtailment assessment tool has gone live across all three licence areas in September 2024, and uses the standard demand profiles in this data publication to model accepted not-yet-connected demand customers for import curtailment studies.

Demand specific profile include the following demand types: commercial, industrial, domestic, EV charging stations, bus charging depots, network rail and data centres.

The profiles have been developed using actual demand data from connected sites within UK Power Networks licence areas falling into each of the demand categories. The output is a yearly profile with half hourly granularity.

The values are expressed as load factors (percentages) i.e., at each half hour the value can range from 0% to 100% of the maximum import capacity.

Methodological Approach This section outlines the methodology for generating annual half-hourly demand profiles.

A minimum of ten connected demand sites for each of the demand types have been used to create the representative profiles.

Historical data from each of these connected demand sites are either retrieved from UK Power Networks’ Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) or through smart meter data. The historical data collected consist of annual half-hourly meter readings in the last calendar year.

A Python script was used to process the half-hourly MW data from each of the sites, which have been normalize by the peak MW values from the same site, for each timestamp, as follows:

Pt (p.u) = P1, tPmax1 + P2, tPmax2 + … + Pn, tPmaxn

where

P,t(p.u) is normalised power P is the import in MW from sites 1, 2, ..., n Pmax is max import in the last calendar year, from site 1, 2, ..., n t is time, 30 minutes resolution for one year

The final profile has been created by selecting a percentile ranging from 95 to 98%.

Quality Control Statement The dataset is primarily built upon RTU data sourced from connected customer sites within the UK Power Networks' licence areas as well as data collected from customers smart meters.

For the RTU data, UK Power Networks' Ops Telecoms team continuously monitors the performance of RTUs to ensure that the data they provide is both accurate and reliable. RTUs are equipped to store data during communication outages and transmit it once the connection is restored, minimizing the risk of data gaps. An alarm system alerts the team to any issues with RTUs, ensuring rapid response and repair to maintain data integrity.

The smart meter data that is used to support certain demand profiles, such as domestic and smaller commercial profiles, is sourced from external providers. While UK Power Networks does not control the quality of this data directly, these data have been incorporated to our models with careful validation and alignment.

Where MW was not available, data conversions were performed to standardize all units to MW. Any missing or bad data has been addressed though robust data cleaning methods, such as forward filling.

The final profiles have been validated by ensuring that the profile aligned with expected operational patterns.

Assurance Statement The dataset is generated using a script developed by the Network Access team, allowing an automated conversion from historical half hourly data to a yearly profile. The profiles will be reviewed annually to assess any changes in demand patterns and determine if updates of demand specific profiles are necessary. This process ensures that the profiles remain relevant and reflective of real-world demand dynamics over time.

Other Download dataset information: Metadata (JSON)

Definitions of key terms related to this dataset can be found in the Open Data Portal Glossary: https://ukpowernetworks.opendatasoft.com/pages/glossary/

The Modernising Energy Data Access (MEDA) competition was set up by Innovate UK and the Modernising Energy Data group to help develop the concept of a Common Data Architecture (CDA) for the Energy Sector. One of the main goals of the Common Data Architecture is to improve data sharing across the energy sector and make data more interoperable across organisations. Energy Consumption is one of the most sought after datasets needed by the organisations that we have worked with throughout a variety of the Modernising Energy Data projects, and although getting a household level of this information comes against GDPR challenges and is therefore non-accessible for the vast majority of organisations, breaking consumption down into smaller areas can be hugely beneficial for gaining insights into how energy is consumed within the UK. We have amalgamated Gas and Electricity consumption per Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) which is available to download via file transfer, or via API

GOLSPIE (Government On-Line Sustainability Performance Information Exchange) is the online platform for disclosure on the sustainability performance of the Scottish Government Estate. Automatic Meter Readings provide utilities consumption readings every 30 minutes and will allow patterns of use to be identified on an individual building basis. Data for 4 government buildings in Glasgow for electricity/gas consumption on a half-hourly and daily basis is accessed from the GOLSPIE database using SPARQL queries. Note that the queries only return the top 1000 records and to obtain more use the 'OFFSET' instruction Data provided dynamically through a query covering the period from 2013-01-01 to the current date. Licence: None atlanticquayhalfhourlyelectricity-sparql.txt - https://dataservices.open.glasgow.gov.uk/Download/Organisation/728522f0-86da-48c6-8f75-1649934eb8a4/Dataset/550e7fcd-14a6-4079-be8d-11aa813d4f85/File/74c56be6-b681-4309-a8f5-25d6e09cb146/Version/ff07f299-9b6a-46fc-b5ff-de8bc6d0ac4e Atlantic Quay location data.html - https://dataservices.open.glasgow.gov.uk/Download/Organisation/728522f0-86da-48c6-8f75-1649934eb8a4/Dataset/550e7fcd-14a6-4079-be8d-11aa813d4f85/File/c7752fbe-31e2-4789-8b20-31957736e758/Version/c700b442-f93c-4897-975f-39c289a27585

Postcode level electricity consumption for all domestic meters (2023). See the official notes for this dataset for full information on the metadata. Data have been subset to the region by postcode and additional fields added for geo reference purposes.

United Kingdom UK: Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption: % of Total data was reported at 80.712 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 82.634 % for 2014. United Kingdom UK: Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 91.593 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2015, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.465 % in 1960 and a record low of 80.712 % in 2015. United Kingdom UK: Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Energy Production and Consumption. Fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

Measuring and Evaluating Time-use and Electricity-use Relationships (METER) is a project collecting and depositing data on UK household electricity use, activities and other contextual and demographic information. METER seeks to improve our understanding of household electricity use, it's timing, flexibility and societal importance.

This study is subject to restrictive Secure Access conditions as it contains an additional detailed activities variable. The End User Licence (EUL) version which is the same, but excludes this detailed variable, is available from the UK Data Service under SN 8634. Users are advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements.

By combining high-resolution household electricity readings with simultaneous activity records of household members, METER data provides a platform for new analytical insights. These include among others a more detailed understanding of socio-technical drivers behind:

• high and low electrical consumption
• high peak time consumption
• ability to respond to the load shifting interventions
• impact of interventions on individuals
• trends in electricity user over time and in response to the adoption of new technologies and social practices

Data was recorded from February 2016 to January 2019. This deposit includes 264 electricity records (28 hours each) with 16378 coded activities from 529 people.

Further information about the study can be found on the project website, on its' Gateway to Research webpage and on its' GitHub webpage.

Electricity Production in the United Kingdom increased to 66458 Gigawatt-hour in the first quarter of 2025 from 64050 Gigawatt-hour in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset has Electricity Production values for United Kingdom.