Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data was reported at 41.000 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 41.600 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data is updated yearly, averaging 44.550 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.100 % in 1989 and a record low of 39.500 % in 2020. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Brazil Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data was reported at 27.200 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.900 % for 2021. Brazil Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 34.450 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.400 % in 1983 and a record low of 23.500 % in 2020. Brazil Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The poverty headcount ratio at societal poverty line is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Societal Poverty Line. The Societal Poverty Line is expressed in purchasing power adjusted 2017 U.S. dollars and defined as max($2.15, $1.15 + 0.5*Median). This means that when the national median is sufficiently low, the Societal Poverty line is equivalent to the extreme poverty line, $2.15. For countries with a sufficiently high national median, the Societal Poverty Line grows as countries’ median income grows.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

We aim to analyze the trajectory of poverty in Brazil and the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro, from 1976 to 2015, considering the structural changes in the Brazilian economy and society and the metropolitan context’s particularities. The poverty line used was defined by double the level of income sufficient for the acquisition of food necessary to guarantee the individual’s social reproduction. We could observe that the poverty rate varied according to the economic situation, with differences in levels and intensity between the metropolis and the country. Currently, unlike decades ago, people living in poverty are generally younger, have higher levels of education, and work in occupations that represent more prominent social positions in the social structure, which may have important implications in the changes in expectations of overcoming this condition, especially in the metropolitan context.

Brazil BR: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 0.990 % in 2022. Brazil BR: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 0.990 % from Dec 2022 (Median) to 2022, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.990 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.990 % in 2022. Brazil BR: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of child development delay and to identify socioeconomic determinants.Study designWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children 2 to 72 months of age residing in the state of Ceará, Brazil. In total, 3200 households were randomly selected for participation in the study and had child development assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) version 3. Development delay was defined as a score of less than -2 standard deviations below the median of the Brazilian ASQ standard. We present population-level prevalence of delay in five development domains and assess socioeconomic determinants.ResultsA total of 3566 children completed the ASQ development assessment of which 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1–10.5) had at least one domain with development delay. The prevalence of delay increased with age in all domains and males were at higher risk for communication, gross motor and personal-social development delays as compared to females (p-values <0.05). We found robust associations of indicators of socioeconomic status with risk of development delay; increasing monthly income and higher social class were associated with reduced risk of delay across all domains (28,2% in the poorest and 21,2% in richest for any delay, p-values <0.05 for all domains). In addition, children in poor households that participated in conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs appeared to have reduced risk of delay as compared to children from households that were eligible, but did not participate, in CCT programs.ConclusionsThere is a relatively high population-level prevalence of development delay in at least one domain among children 0–6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Integrated child development, social support, and poverty reduction interventions may reduce the population-level prevalence of development delay in Ceará and similar settings.

Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Lowest 10% data was reported at 1.200 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.000 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Lowest 10% data is updated yearly, averaging 0.900 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.600 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.600 % in 1989. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Lowest 10% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Third 20% data was reported at 12.300 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.100 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Third 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 11.000 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.900 % in 2020 and a record low of 8.900 % in 1989. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Third 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

City level open access data from 26 States and the Federal District and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) [20], the Department of Informatics of Brazilian Public Health System – DATASUS, Ministry of Health, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and from Brazil.io. Data from all 5,570 cities in Brazil were included in the analysis. COVID-19 data included cases and deaths reported between February 26th, 2020 and February 4th, 2021. The following outcomes were computed: a) days between the first case in Brazil until the first case in the city; b) days between the first case in the city until the day when 1,000 cases were reported; and c) days between the first death in city until the day when 50 deaths inhabitants were reported. Descriptive analyses were performed on the following: proportion of cities reaching 1,000 cases; number of cases at three, six, nine and 12 months after first case; cities reporting at least one COVID-19 related death; number of COVID-19 related deaths at three, six, nine and 12 months after first death in the country. All incidence data is adjusted for 100,000 inhabitants.The following covariates were included: a) geographic region where the city is located (Midwest, North, Northeast, Southeast and South), metropolitan city (no/yes) and urban or rural; b) social and environmental city characteristics [total area (Km2), urban area (Km2), population size (inhabitants), population living within urban area (inhabitants), population older than 60 years (%), indigenous population (%), black population (%), illiterate older than 25 years (%) and city in extreme poverty (no/yes)]; c) housing conditions [household with density >2 per dormitory (%), household with garbage collection (%), household connected to the water supply system (%) and household connected to the sewer system (%)]; d) job characteristics [commerce (%) and informal workers (%)]; e) socioeconomic and inequalities characteristics [GINI index; income per capita; poor or extremely poor (%) and households in informal urban settlements (%)]; f) health services access and coverage [number of National Public Health System (SUS) physicians per inhabitants (100,000 inhabitants), number of SUS nurses per inhabitants (100,000 inhabitants), number of intensive care units or ICU per inhabitants (100,000 inhabitants). All health services access and coverage variables were standardized using z-scores, combined into one single variable categorized into tertiles.

Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data was reported at 56.900 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 57.500 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 60.750 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67.300 % in 1989 and a record low of 54.700 % in 2020. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Second 20% data was reported at 7.700 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.500 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Second 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 6.500 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.700 % in 2020 and a record low of 5.000 % in 1989. Brazil BR: Income Share Held by Second 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Brazil BR: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: 2011 PPP per day data was reported at 5.320 Intl $/Day in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.710 Intl $/Day for 2014. Brazil BR: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: 2011 PPP per day data is updated yearly, averaging 5.515 Intl $/Day from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2019, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.710 Intl $/Day in 2014 and a record low of 5.320 Intl $/Day in 2019. Brazil BR: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: 2011 PPP per day data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Mean consumption or income per capita (2011 PPP $ per day) of the bottom 40%, used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The choice of consumption or income for a country is made according to which welfare aggregate is used to estimate extreme poverty in the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). The practice adopted by the World Bank for estimating global and regional poverty is, in principle, to use per capita consumption expenditure as the welfare measure wherever available; and to use income as the welfare measure for countries for which consumption is unavailable. However, in some cases data on consumption may be available but are outdated or not shared with the World Bank for recent survey years. In these cases, if data on income are available, income is used. Whether data are for consumption or income per capita is noted in the footnotes. Because household surveys are infrequent in most countries and are not aligned across countries, comparisons across countries or over time should be made with a high degree of caution.

Brazil BR: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 52.000 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 52.900 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 56.400 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.300 % in 1989 and a record low of 48.900 % in 2020. Brazil BR: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Brazil BR: Poverty Gap at $1.90 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data was reported at 0.600 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.800 % for 2019. Brazil BR: Poverty Gap at $1.90 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 4.150 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2020, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.200 % in 1983 and a record low of 0.600 % in 2020. Brazil BR: Poverty Gap at $1.90 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Poverty gap at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $1.90 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.; ; World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from around 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Abstract In light of the forms of access to housing for low-income population in Brazil, this paper analyzes, specifically, the living conditions of slum dwellers using available census data. It evaluates the meaning of living in a slum in Brazil during the first decade of the 21st century according to some key issues: was there an increase in the number of slum dwellers in Brazil? Where was this increase most significant? Was this increase produced by new slums or by the increase in slums’ population density? What are the characteristics of slum households? Was there any improvement in infrastructure-related indicators? The paper is also an unprecedented effort to analyze the 2010 Census "Territorial Reading", a single database for slum households.

Brazil BR: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data was reported at 13.100 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.600 % for 2019. Brazil BR: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 41.300 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2020, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.500 % in 1984 and a record low of 13.100 % in 2020. Brazil BR: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $5.50 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.; ; World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from around 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).