This table contains 2376 series, with data for years 2015 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (11 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia; ...);  Age group (3 items: Total, 6 to 17 years; 6 to 11 years; 12 to 17 years);  Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females);  Children's screen time (3 items: Total population for the variable children's screen time; 2 hours or less of screen time per day; More than 2 hours of screen time per day);  Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval, number of persons; High 95% confidence interval, number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; ...).

The dataset consists of six surveys which charted the eating habits, sleep and exercise of Swedish-speaking primary school children and their parents. The surveys were conducted in the Uusimaa region in Finland in 2006 and 2008 and followed the same students and parents. Main topics included the children's health related habits and what affected them (e.g. family's eating habits, meals eaten, amount of exercise and sleeping habits). Additionally, the data include measurements such as the children's weight, height and waist circumference from both years of data collection. The surveys were conducted in Swedish and collected as part of the Hälsoverkstaden project by Folkhälsan. The schools were divided into control (N: 14) and intervention (N: 13) schools. At the intervention schools, the teachers received additional training on nutrition, exercise and sleep, and used their chosen extra materials and methods as part of their teaching. The children and their parents can be connected in the data. The children responded to two surveys each year: a survey that contained general questions on the research topic and a more detailed Pro Children survey (Skolbarns matvanor) which charted the foods eaten in the past 24 hours, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and daily screen time. The children's parents responded to one survey each year, which charted the sleeping, eating and exercise habits of the parent, child and family. The general questionnaires from both years include mostly the same questions. In the Pro Children surveys all questions were repeated. The general surveys for children charted background information on them and their families, friends and school. The children were asked questions relating to how they would describe their parents, how they saw themselves e.g. compared to peers, how much their parents knew about their friends, money spending habits and whereabouts after schools, and how satisfied they were with their school. The children were also asked about their school lunch habits. Next, mealtimes were charted with questions relating to breakfast, lunch, snacks, dinner and evening snack. The food and drinks consumed most often by the children and parents were also charted. Physical activity was examined with questions regarding, for example, exercise at school and at home, motivations behind exercise, parents' exercise habits, and how they would compare themselves to their peers. Screen time was examined with questions concerning the amount of time spent after school on watching TV, videos or DVDs, or playing games on a computer or game consoles. Finally, sleeping habits were charted with questions relating to, for example, whether the children thought they had problems with sleep, difficulties waking up in the morning, or felt tired during the day. Questions about sleep rhythm were also presented. The surveys for parents first charted background information, such as whether they were responding alone or with someone and for how many hours a day their child was alone at home. Next, the parents were asked about their own physical activity as well as their motivations for taking their child to different hobbies (e.g. for the child to make friends or concentrate better in school). The screen time of the child was also examined. Both the parents' and children's sleep rhythm and habits were charted. Next, eating habits were examined with questions relating to, for example, what meals the child ate and whether the parents themselves ate fruits and vegetables. They were also asked what possible reasons there were for not buying fruits or vegetables (e.g. it's too expensive, the child is allergic) and whether the family ate meals together. Finally, the parents were asked to provide some additional background information and to describe their opinions and beliefs about health and health-related habits. Both questionnaires filled out by the parents contain a set of questions based on Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence scale. The Pro Children questionnaire first asked the children to give some background information about themselves and their families. Then, the children were asked questions on what they had eaten in the morning, in school and after school on the day before the questionnaire was filled out. The questions concerning each of the three mealtimes related to whether they had eaten at that time, what they had eaten and how much fruit or vegetables the meals had contained. The amount of different foods eaten was given in portions. Next, the children were presented with additional questions about eating fruits and vegetables (e.g. whether they thought that fruits and vegetables tasted good and what their favourite fruits and vegetables were). Questions about the availability of fruits and vegetables at home were also presented. Finally, the questionnaire charted how often the children's families ate together, whether the children ate while watching TV and their free-time activities. The scale used in the questionnaire is based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Background variables included, among others, the child's grade, gender, country of birth (reclassified), type of accommodation, weekly allowance, number of siblings, height, weight and waist circumference. Additionally, the following background information, among others, was received on the parents: highest level of education, economic activity, type of employment contract, type of accommodation, income of the household and subjective experience of the sufficiency of income. The data also include municipality of residence and school variables, as well as whether the school was an intervention or control school. The variables do not include the names of the school or municipality.

The results might surprise you when looking at internet users that are active on social media in each country.

Gen Z and Millennials are the biggest social media users of all age groups.

The means and frequencies presented are means and frequencies of the original dataset. Missing values were 16 (0.5%) for age of the parent, 15 (0.5%) for sex of the parent, 84 (2.7%) for educational level, 17 (0.6%) for family structure, 264 (11.9%) for employment status of the parent, 239 (7.8%) for age of the child, 4 (0.1%) for sex of the child, and 182 (5.9%) for ethnic background of the child.aT-tests were used for continuous variables and Chi-square statistics were used for categorical variables to examine differences between the subgroups of children that watch TV≤2 hrs/day versus watch TV>2 hrs/day and between the subgroups of children that use computers or game consoles ≤30 min/day versus >30 min/day on computers or game consoles; the p-values are the pooled results of analysis of the five imputed datasets.bLow education = no education, primary education, lower secondary vocational education, and preparatory secondary vocational education; mid education = senior secondary vocational education, senior secondary education, and pre-university education; high education = higher professional education, academic higher education (university education).

The PLOTS trial is a primary care-based, open randomised, controlled non-inferiority trial. Children presenting with AOMd and ear pain and/or fever were assigned to hydrocortisone-bacitracin-colistin eardrops (five drops, three times per day in the discharging ear(s)) or amoxicillin oral suspension (50 mg/kg body weight per day, divided over three doses) for 7 days. From December 2017 until March 2023, 58 children aged 6 months to 12 years were enrolled. Due to supply issues of the study medication, the trial was put on hold from 8 August 2018 through November 2021. The rationale and design haven been reported in detail elsewhere (see related publication). At baseline and after 2 weeks home visit data was collected. During these visits physical examination, including otoscopy was performed. Children were followed during 3 months. The first two weeks parents kept a daily diary of AOM-related symptoms, adverse events and complications. Thereafter, they kept a weekly diary recording AOM-recurrences, GP consultations, medications use, hospitals admissions and societal costs for AOM for 3 months. Parents completed the OM-specific QoL (OM-6) questionnaire at baseline, 2 weeks and at 3 months and a productivity loss questionnaires (iPCQ) at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months. In the metadata file all the variables are described. The data are sensitive since they involve personal information of patients. There are also restrictions on use by commercial parties, and on sharing openly based on (inter)national laws and regulations and written informed consent. Therefore these data (and additional clinical data) are only available after PI’s approval and upon signing a Data Sharing Agreement (see Terms of Access) and within a specially designed environment provided by the UMC Utrecht

The online overview offers comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981, 1990, 1999/2000, and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

This overview can be found at: Online Variable Overview.

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Themes: Feeling of happiness; state of health; ever felt: very excited or interested, restless, proud, lonely, pleased, bored, depressed, upset because of criticism; when at home: feeling relaxed, anxious, happy, aggressive, secure; respect and love for parents; important child qualities: good manners, politeness and neatness, independance, hard work, honesty, felling of responsibility, patience, imaginantion, tolerance, leadership, self-control, saving money, determination perseverance, religious faith, unselfishness, obedience, loyalty; attitude towards abortion; way of spending leisure time: alone, with family, with friends, in a lively place; frequency of political discussions; opinion leader; volentary engagement in: welfare service for elderly, education, labour unions, polititcal parties, human rights, environment, professional associations, youth work, consumer groups; dislike being with people with different ideas; will to help; characterisation of neighbourhood: people with a ciminal record, of a different race, heavy drinkers, emotionally unstable people, immigrants or foreign workers, left-wing or right-wing extremists, people with large families, students, unmarried mothers, members of minority religious sects or cults; general confidence; young people trust in older people and vice versa; satisfaction with life; freedom of choice and control; satisfaction with financial situation of the household; financial situation in 12 months; important values at work: good pay, not too much pressure, job security, a respected job, good hours, opportunity to use initiative, generous holidays, responsibility, interesting job, a job that meets one´s abilities, pleasant people, chances for promotion, useful job for society, meeting people; look forward to work after weekend; pride in one´s work; exploitation at work; job satisfaction; freedom of decision taking in job; behaviour at paid free days: find extra work, use spare time to study, spend time with family and friends, find additional work to avoid boredom, use spare time for voluntary work, spend time on hobbies, run own business, relaxing; fair payment; preferred management type; attitude towards following instructions at work; satisfaction with home life; sharing attitudes with partner and parents: towards religion, moral standards, social attitudes, polititcal views, sexual attitudes; ideal number of children; child needs a home with father and mother; a woman has to have children to be fulfilled; sex cannot entirely be left to individual choice; marriage as an out-dated institution; woman as a single parent; enjoy sexual freedom; important values for a successful marriage: faithfulness, adequate income, same social background, respect and appreciation, religious beliefs, good housing, agreement on politics, understanding and tolerance, apart from in-laws, happy sexual relationship, sharing household chores, children, taste and interests in common; accepted reasons for divorce; main aim of imprisonment; willingness to fight for the own country; fear of war; expected future changes of values; opinion about scientific advances; interest in politics; political action: signing a petition, joining in boycotts, attending lawful demonstrations, joining unofficial strikes, occupying buildings or factories, damaging things and personal violence; prefence for freedom or equality; self-positioning on a left-right scale; basic kinds of attitudes concerning society; confidence in institutions: churches, armed forces, education system, the press, labour unions, the police, parliament, the civil services, major companies and the justice system; living day to day because of uncertain future; party preference and identification; regularly reading of a daily newspaper; frequency of TV watching; opinion on terrorism; thinking about meaning and purpose of life; feeling that life is meaningless; thoughts about dead; good and evil in everyone; regret having done something; worth risking life for: country, anoth...

Use of a great number of social and cultural facilities in connection with characteristics of households and individuals. Adjustments and supplies for handicapped people in dwelling / mortgage / use of rent subsidy regulation / separated collection of refuse / nursing and personal care: use of patient-care facilities, day-nursery facilities / ( assistance with housekeeping ) / use of supplies for individual transport and financial compensation for disabled / child care, maternity leave, problems with upbringing / primary school of children, child care after school hours / scholarship, compensation for costs of study / sports activites / membership sports-clubs / use of sports facilities / visiting social cultural centres, community centres / use of recreational facilities / visiting theatres, concerts / going to the movies, exhibitions, museums / membership of art library, buying art / frequency of reading books, radio listening and watching tv / having a video / leisure activities / hobbies / use of educational facilities, use of PC, Internet / social network / contacts with employment exchange, social services, Industrial Insurance Administration Office ( GAK ) in the last 2 years / use of organisations for legal assistance ( included: experiences with lawyers and with police ) / use of odd-jobbers / use of medical facilites / extent of infirmity, problems with housekeeping / chronical disorders / disablement insurance benefit / preferred terms of employment, fringe benefits / incapacity for work / sources of income ( also in the past ), tax deductible expenses, kind of social security benefit, kind op pension scheme / occupation / leave for nursing relatives. Background variables: basic characteristics, place of birth, residence, housing situation, household characteristics, characteristics of parental family-household / occupation-employment / income / education / politics / religion / consumption of durables / readership, mass media, and 'cultural' exposure / organisational membership.
The data- and documentation files of this dataset can be downloaded via the option Data Files.

The 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2003 NDHS) is the third national Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nigeria. The 2003 NDHS is based on a nationally representative sample of over 7,000 households. All women age 15-49 in these households and all men age 15-59 in a subsample of one-third of the households were individually interviewed. The survey provides up-to-date information on the population and health situation in Nigeria. The 2003 NDHS was designed to provide estimates for key indicators such as fertility, contraceptive use, infant and child mortality, immunization levels, use of family planning, maternal and child health, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of mothers and young children, use of mosquito nets, female genital cutting, marriage, sexual activity, and awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in Nigeria. MAIN RESULTS FERTILITY Fertility Levels, Trends, and Preferences. The total fertility rate (TFR) in Nigeria is 5.7. This means that at current fertility levels, the average Nigerian woman who is at the beginning of her childbearing years will give birth to 5.7 children by the end of her lifetime. Compared with previous national surveys, the 2003 survey shows a modest decline in fertility over the last two decades: from a TFR of 6.3 in the 1981-82 National Fertility Survey (NFS) to 6.0 in the 1990 NDHS to 5.7 in the 2003 NDHS. However, the 2003 NDHS rate of 5.7 is significantly higher than the 1999 NDHS rate of 5.2. Analysis has shown that the 1999 survey underestimated the true levels of fertility in Nigeria. On average, rural women will have one more child than urban women (6.1 and 4.9, respectively). Fertility varies considerably by region of residence, with lower rates in the south and higher rates in the north. Fertility also has a strong negative correlation with a woman's educational attainment. Most Nigerians, irrespective of their number of living children, want large families. The ideal number of children is 6.7 for all women and 7.3 for currently married women. Nigerian men want even more children than women. The ideal number of children for all men is 8.6 and for currently married men is 10.6. Clearly, one reason for the slow decline in Nigerian fertility is the desire for large families. FAMILY PLANNING Knowledge of Family Planning Methods. About eight in ten women and nine in ten men know at least one modern method of family planning. The pill, injectables, and the male condom are the most widely known modern methods among both women and men. Mass media is an important source of information on family planning. Radio is the most frequent source of family planning messages: 40 percent of women and 56 percent of men say they heard a radio message about family planning during the months preceding the survey. However, more than half of women (56 percent) and 41 percent men were not exposed to family planning messages from a mass media source. Current Use. A total of 13 percent of currently married women are using a method of family planning, including 8 percent who are using a modern method. The most common modern methods are the pill, injectables, and the male condom (2 percent each). Urban women are more than twice as likely as rural women to use a method of contraception (20 percent versus 9 percent). Contraceptive use varies significantly by region. For example, one-third of married women in the South West use a method of contraception compared with just 4 percent of women in the North East and 5 percent of women in the North West. CHILD HEALTH Mortality. The 2003 NDHS survey estimates infant mortality to be 100 per 1,000 live births for the 1999-2003 period. This infant mortality rate is significantly higher than the estimates from both the 1990 and 1999 NDHS surveys; the earlier surveys underestimated mortality levels in certain regions of the country, which in turn biased downward the national estimates. Thus, the higher rate from the 2003 NDHS is more likely due to better data quality than an actual increase in mortality risk overall. The rural infant mortality rate (121 per 1,000) is considerably higher than the urban rate (81 per 1,000), due in large part to the difference in neonatal mortality rates. As in other countries, low maternal education, a low position on the household wealth index, and shorter birth intervals are strongly associated with increased mortality risk. The under-five mortality rate for the 1999-2003 period was 201 per 1,000. Vaccinations. Only 13 percent of Nigerian children age 12-23 months can be considered fully vaccinated, that is, have received BCG, measles, and three doses each of DPT and polio vaccine (excluding the polio vaccine given at birth). This is the lowest vaccination rate among African countries in which DHS surveys have been conducted since 1998. Less than half of children have received each of the recommended vaccinations, with the exception of polio 1 (67 percent) and polio 2 (52 percent). More than three times as many urban children as rural children are fully vaccinated (25 percent and 7 percent, respectively). WHO guidelines are that children should complete the schedule of recommended vaccinations by 12 months of age. In Nigeria, however, only 11 percent of children age 12-23 months received all of the recommended vaccinations before their first birthday. WOMEN'S HEALTH Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is almost universal in Nigeria, with 97 percent of children born in the five years preceding the survey having been breastfed. However, just one-third of children were given breast milk within one hour of birth (32 percent), and less than two-thirds were given breast milk within 24 hours of birth (63 percent). Overall, the median duration of any breastfeeding is 18.6 months, while the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding is only half a month. Complementary Feeding. At age 6-9 months, the recommended age for introducing complementary foods, three-quarters of breast-feeding infants received solid or semisolid foods during the day or night preceding the interview; 56 percent received food made from grains, 25 percent received meat, fish, shellfish, poultry or eggs, and 24 percent received fruits or vegetables. Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A were consumed by 20 percent of breastfeeding infants age 6-9 months. Maternal Care. Almost two-thirds of mothers in Nigeria (63 percent) received some antenatal care (ANC) for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey. While one-fifth of mothers (21 percent) received ANC from a doctor, almost four in ten women received care from nurses or midwives (37 percent). Almost half of women (47 percent) made the minimum number of four recommended visits, but most of the women who received antenatal care did not get care within the first three months of pregnancy. In terms of content of care, slightly more than half of women who received antenatal care said that they were informed of potential pregnancy complications (55 percent). Fifty-eight percent of women received iron tablets; almost two-thirds had a urine or blood sample taken; and 81 percent had their blood pressure measured. Almost half (47 percent) received no tetanus toxoid injections during their most recent birth. WOMEN'S CHARACTERISTICS AND STATUS Across all maternal care indicators, rural women are disadvantaged compared with urban women, and there are marked regional differences among women. Overall, women in the south, particularly the South East and South West, received better care than women in the north, especially women in the North East and North West. Female Circumcision. Almost one-fifth of Nigerian women are circumcised, but the data suggest that the practice is declining. The oldest women are more than twice as likely as the youngest women to have been circumcised (28 percent versus 13 percent). Prevalence is highest among the Yoruba (61 percent) and Igbo (45 percent), who traditionally reside in the South West and South East. Half of the circumcised respondents could not identify the type of procedure performed. Among those women who could identify the type of procedure, the most common type of circumcision involved cutting and removal of flesh (44 percent of all circumcised women). Four percent of women reported that their vaginas were sewn closed during circumcision. MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAM INDICATORS Nets. Although malaria is a major public health concern in Nigeria, only 12 percent of households report owning at least one mosquito net. Even fewer, 2 percent of households, own an insecticide treated net (ITN). Rural households are almost three times as likely as urban households to own at least one mosquito net. Overall, 6 percent of children under age five sleep under a mosquito net, including 1 percent of children who sleep under an ITN. Five percent of pregnant women slept under a mosquito net the night before the survey, one-fifth of them under an ITN. Use of Antimalarials. Overall, 20 percent of women reported that they took an antimalarial for prevention of malaria during their last pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey. Another 17 percent reported that they took an unknown drug, and 4 percent took paracetamol or herbs to prevent malaria. Only 1 percent received intermittent preventative treatment (IPT)-or preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar/SP) during an antenatal care visit. Among pregnant women who took an antimalarial, more than half (58 percent) used Daraprim, which has been found to be ineffective as a chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy. Additionally, 39 percent used chloroquine, which was the chemoprophylactic drug of choice until the introduction of IPT in Nigeria in 2001. Among children who were sick with fever/convulsions, one-third took antimalarial drugs, the majority receiving the drugs

The data are part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS), in which the same individuals have been followed over 30 years. At this research stage, data were collected through interviews probing 12 different themes. The recorded interviews were numerically classified according to the themes only afterwards, when it was possible to observe the whole range of responses. After that, each interviewer coded all the responses for one theme. The responses were then converted into variables describing the variation in the responses within each theme. The original open-ended answers are available in the dataset "FSD2200 Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS): Interviews of 27-Year-Olds 1986: Text Data". The research stage also included a life situation questionnaire and two personality tests. First, the respondents were asked questions about housing and mobility. Those who were married or cohabiting were asked about their spouse's age, where they had met, and how long their relationship had already lasted. They also indicated whether their parents accepted them as a couple. The couple's and spouse's hobbies were queried, as well as how well they knew each other's friends. They were asked to describe their relationship and to tell how well they thought it corresponded with their idea of a perfect marriage or relationship. Earlier marriages and relationships were also charted. The respondents were also asked about their children, child day care arrangements in their family, and their own childhood experiences on child day care. Views were probed on the essential things in organising children's lives, upbringing, and the respondents' usual activities with their children. Some questions probed corporal punishment. Further questions covered childhood memories and the respondents' parents. They were asked to describe their home and lives when they were 14 years old. Crimes committed by the respondents and their friends were charted, as well as the effect other people had had on their lives. The respondents were asked who gave them material and mental support and how many good friends they had. In addition, they were asked who they helped and how. The respondents told about their relationship with relatives, neighbours, and colleagues and estimated their overall satisfaction with social life. Further questions investigated participation in associations and religious activities and intentions to vote. Some questions pertained to vocational education. The respondents were asked whether they had considered other fields as alternatives and whether they intended to study more. The respondents in employment were queried about their employer, duration of employment contract, and the number of places of work. The respondents who were unemployed were asked about the duration and reason of unemployment, and how they had felt about it. The data contain information on the occupation and socioeconomic status of the respondents, their spouses and parents. The respondents' attitudes to various things were charted. They were asked how they usually make their decisions, which things make them angry, and who they most often fight with. They also estimated themselves and their spouses in terms of various characteristics (e.g. mental balance and ability to concentrate). Watching violent TV shows was also examined. Several questions were related to smoking. The respondents' parents' attitudes to smoking were charted, as well as the respondents' own attitudes to their children's possible smoking. They were asked whether they had smoked near their children or whether they themselves had experiences of passive smoking. Alcohol use was queried by asking which drinks the respondents preferred, and how much money they spent on alcohol on a weekly basis. Their attitudes to their spouses' alcohol use were charted. Troubles and feelings caused by drinking were also queried, as well as reasons for drinking. The female respondents were asked whether they had drunk alcohol during pregnancy or lactation. The respondents were asked to estimate their own health. They told about their illnesses, disabilities, and use of medicines, as well as whether they were stressed and why. In addition, they were asked to indicate which things increase their satisfaction with life. Finally, the respondents' goals and identities in various areas of life were charted. They were asked to tell about the stages of development in their own lives as well as about responsibility and freedom. They were also asked about the things they appreciated in their spouse and what the spouses' weaknesses were. In addition, the respondents were asked whether they though about global problems and whether they thought global problems affected their lives. Attitudes to loneliness and the nature were charted, as well as the foundation in the respondents' lives and their sources of strength for facing the future. The background variables included the 27-year-old's gender.

Abstract

The Quality Preschool for Ghana Impact Evaluation 2016, Midline survey (QP4G-ML 2016) was approved by the Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund (SIEF) of the World Bank on August 2015 in the Great Accra Region of Ghana. The official project name is called "Testing and scaling-up supply- and demand-side interventions to improve kindergarten educational quality in Ghana”, known as “Quality Preschool for Ghana (QP4G)”.

The project seeks to increase the quality of preschool education during the two years of universal Kindergarten (KG) in Ghana through intervening in the supply-side (i.e., teacher in-service training) and the demand side (i.e., increasing parental awareness for developmentally appropriate quality early education).

The primary goal of the impact evaluation is to test the efficacy of a potentially scalable (8-day) in-service teacher training to improve the quality of KG teacher practices and interactions with children and to improve children’s development, school readiness and learning in both private and public preschools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Additional goals of this evaluation are: to test the added value of combining a scalable (low-cost) parental awareness intervention with teacher in-service training; to compare implementation challenges in public and private schools; and to examine several important sources of potential heterogeneity of impact, primarily impacts in public vs. private schools.

The current submission is for the Midline Survey, conducted with 3 types of respondents across two phases – School survey and Caregiver [household] surveys. The school survey was conducted from May to July 2016 and consisted of collecting the following data: (a) direct assessments of children’s school readiness, (b) surveys of KG teachers, (c) direct observation of inventory of facilities within KG classrooms [environmental scan]; videotaping of KG classroom processes, teaching, and learning (not being submitted); as well as video coding of KG classroom video recordings using Teacher Instructional Practices and Processes Systems (instrument not being submitted). The caregiver survey was conducted via phone from August to September 2016 on primary caregivers of KG children. The caregiver survey sought information on caregivers’ background, poverty status, involvement or participation in school and home activities, and perception about ECD. Overall, the Midline Survey was conducted from May to September 2016 for all respondents.

Geographic coverage

Urban and Peri-Urban Districts, Greater Accra Region

Analysis unit

Units of analysis include individuals (KG teachers, children, caregivers), KG classrooms and preschools.

Universe

The survey universe is 6 poor districts in the Greater Accra Region. We sampled 240 schools, 108 public (Govt.) schools and 132 private schools. The population of interest is KG teachers and children in KG 1 and KG 2 classrooms in these schools, as well as the caregivers of sampled students.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

This impact evaluation applies a cluster-randomized design. Eligible schools were randomly selected to participate in the study. The eligible population was schools with KG 1 and KG 2 classrooms (the two years of universal preprimary education) in six districts in the Greater Accra Region. In these six districts, we have sampled 240 schools; 108 public schools and 132 private schools in total.

The unit of randomization for this randomized control trial (RCT) is schools, whereby eligible schools (stratified by public and private sector schools) are randomly assigned to: (1) in-service teacher-training program only; (2) in-service teacher-training program plus parental awareness program; or (3) control (current standard operating) condition.

The sampling frame for this study was based on data in the Education Management Information System (EMIS) from the Ghana Education Service. This data was verified in a 'school listing exercise' conducted in May 2015.

Sample selection was done in four stages: The first stage involved purposive selection of six districts within the region based on two criteria: (a) most disadvantaged (using UNICEF's District League Table scores, out of sixteen total districts); and (b) close proximity to Accra Metropolitan for travel for the training of the KG teachers. The six selected municipals were La Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal, Ga Central Municipal, Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal, Adentan Municipal, Ga South Municipal and Ga East Municipal.

The second stage involved the selection of public and private schools from each of the selected districts in the Accra region. We found 678 public and private schools (schools with kindergarten) in the EMIS database. Of these 361 schools were sampled randomly (stratified by district and school type) for the school listing exercise, done in May 2015. This was made up of 118 public schools and 243 private schools. The sampling method used for the school listing exercise was based on two approaches depending on the type of school. For the public schools, the full universe of public schools (i.e., 118) were included in the school listing exercise. However, private schools were randomly sampled using probability proportional to the size of the private schools in each district. Specifically, the private schools were sampled in each district proportionate to the total number of district private schools relative to the total number of private schools. In so doing, one school from the Ga South Municipal was removed and added to Ga Central so that all districts have a number of private schools divisible by three. This approach yielded 122 private schools. Additionally, 20 private schools were randomly selected from each of the districts (i.e., based on the remaining list of private schools in each district following from the first selection) to serve as replacement lists. The replacement list was necessary given the potential refusals from the private schools. There were no replacement lists for the public schools since all public schools would automatically qualify for participation.

The third stage involved selecting the final sample for the evaluation using the sampling frame obtained through the listing exercise. A total of 240 schools were randomly selected, distributed by district and sector. Schools were randomized into treatment groups after the first round of baseline data collection was completed.

The survey respondents were sampled using different sampling techniques: a. KG teachers: The research team sampled two KG teachers from each school; one from KG1 and KG2. KG teachers were sampled using purposive sampling method. In schools where there were more than two KG classes, the KG teachers from the "A" stream were selected. For the treatment schools, all KG teachers were invited to participate in the teacher training program. b. KG child-caregiver pair: The research team sampled KG children and their respective caregivers using simple random sampling method. Fifteen KG children-caregivers pair were sampled from each school. For schools with less than 15 KG children (8 from KG1, 7 from KG2 where possible), all KG children were included in the survey. KG children were selected from the same class as the selected KG teacher. The survey team used the class register to randomly select KG children who were present on the day of the school visit. Sampling was not stratified by gender or age. The caregivers of these selected child respondents were invited to participate in the survey. The research team sought informed consent from the school head teacher, caregivers, as well as child respondents.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

Data were collected at Midline Survey using structured questionnaires or forms.

Child Direct Assessment: The KG Child Assessment was conducted using the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) tool designed by Save the Children. IDELA was adapted based on extensive pre-testing and piloting by different members of the evaluation team. The adapted version measured five indicators of ECD. The indicators were early numeracy skills, language/literacy skills and development, physical well-being and motor development, socio-emotional development, and approaches to learning. IDELA contained 28 items. In addition, one task was added – the Pencil Tap – to assess executive function skills. Apart from the English language, IDELA was translated and administered into three local languages, namely, Twi, Ga, and Ewe. These local language versions had gone through rigorous processes of translation and back translation. The IDELA tool has not been shared as Save the Children have proprietary rights over this.

KG Class Environmental Scan: The KG classroom observation involved taking inventories of the KG classrooms [environmental scan] and conducting video recordings of the classroom processes. The KG Class Environmental Scan tool was designed to take inventories of the facilities in the KG classrooms. The classroom video recordings have not been shared as they contain PIIs.

TIPPS: The video recordings taken during the classroom observations were coded using an early childhood education adapted version of Teacher Instructional Practices and Processes Systems (TIPPS). Seidman, Raza, Kim, and McCoy (2014) of New York University developed the TIPPS instrument. TIPPS observes nineteen key concepts of teacher practices and classroom processes that influence children’s cognitive and social-emotional development. The concept sheet was used to code the kindergarten classroom videos. The TIPPS tool has not been shared as

The Everyday Childhoods collection is a qualitative longitudinal dataset that was collected by researchers from the Universities of Sussex and Brighton and the Open University during 2013-15. The initial project, called ‘Face 2 Face: Tracing the real and the mediated in children’s cultural worlds’ (F2F) was funded by an NCRM Methodology Innovation award. The primary aim of the project was to explore how technologies documented and mediated the everyday in children's daily lives. The F2F project generated the majority of the data contained in this collection and the dataset comprises data from two research panels: firstly, a younger panel (the 'extensive' panel) of children aged 7-8 years (n=6) who had previously been involved with their families in an ESRC funded study of new motherhood ('The Making of Modern Motherhoods: Memories, Representations, Practices'). Their geographical location ranged across the South, South East and South West of England. Secondly, an older panel (the 'intensive' panel) of children aged 10-15 years (n=7) were recruited for the first time in this study. Their geographical location was focused in the South East of England. This latter sample were recruited to illustrate a diversity of youth experiences and identities, including along intersectional lines of ethnicity, religion, dis/ability, urban/rural locality, and economic background. Over the course of 12 months, both groups of children took part in a series of regular research activities aimed at capturing their everyday lives.

Face 2 Face: Tracing the Real and the Mediated in Children’s Cultural Worlds (2013-14) was a 12-month methodological innovation project funded by the ESRC’s National Centre for Research Methods. The study documented thirteen children and young people’s everyday lives over a 12-month period, focusing on how new media technologies were infused in their everyday lives and relationships. The research team worked with two panels: a group of 8 year olds who were part of an established longitudinal study of new motherhood and had been followed since before birth, and a newly established panel of 11-15 year olds. Using a combination of biographical, ethnographic and digital/material methods, the research team worked closely with participants and their families to document their everyday lives. One of the key outputs of the research was a set of public multimedia documents that experimented with using data from the study to depict the children's lives. These multi-modal documents used the digital sound recordings, photographs, ethnographic descriptions and other data captured during the different phases of the study. Ethical practice around the documentation and curation of data about children's lives was a key strand of the study, and were further developed through an AHRC funded follow-up study: 'Curating Childhoods'. This study enabled the to follow up questions about the use of research data in digital age into the domains of archiving and data sharing. As part of this follow up project, participants from the Face 2 Face study were invited to take part in a one-day workshop at the Mass Observation Archive to discuss the future archiving and re-use of their data.

Use of a great number of social and cultural facilities in connection with characteristics of households and individuals. Sports activities / membership sports-clubs / use of sports facilities / visiting social cultural centres, community centres / use of recreational facilities / visiting theatres, concerts / going to the movies, exhibitions, museums / membership of art library / radio listening and watching tv / having a video / renting video films / leisure activities / hobbies / use of educational facilities / use of organizations for legal assistance ( included: experiences with lawyers and with police ) / use of medical facilities / respondent older than 55 years: extent of infirmity, use of social service centre for elderly people / membership: unions, organizations, clubs / kind of social security benefit / ( other ) income sources / kind of pension scheme / use of rent subsidy regulation / use of patient-care services / use of day-nursery facilities / use of health-care facilities for children / religious affiliation of school ( s ) for children / use and type of grants for study of children. Background variables: basic characteristics/ residence/ housing situation/ household characteristics/ characteristics of parental family/household/ occupation/employment/ income/capital assets/ education/ politics/ religion/ readership, mass media, and 'cultural' exposure/ organizational membership.The data- and documentation files of this dataset can be downloaded via the option Data Files.

Number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates, by age group (neonatal and post-neonatal), 1991 to most recent year.

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

Number and percentage of live births, by month of birth, 1991 to most recent year.

National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).

Regional use of social media has a significant effect on the male and female social media statistics.

The results of which gender uses which platforms are in.

Facebook and YouTube are still the most used social media platforms today.