About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of New Britain by race. It includes the population of New Britain across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of New Britain across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

The percent distribution of New Britain population by race (across all racial categories recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau): 82.88% are white, 4.57% are Black or African American, 0.35% are American Indian and Alaska Native, 5.78% are Asian, 0.39% are some other race and 6.02% are multiracial.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (excluding ethnicity) for the New Britain
• Population: The population of the racial category (excluding ethnicity) in the New Britain is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of New Britain total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New Britain Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of New Britain by race. It includes the population of New Britain across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of New Britain across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

The percent distribution of New Britain population by race (across all racial categories recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau): 53.28% are white, 13.17% are Black or African American, 0.56% are American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.32% are Asian, 0.31% are Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 15.72% are some other race and 14.64% are multiracial.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (excluding ethnicity) for the New Britain
• Population: The population of the racial category (excluding ethnicity) in the New Britain is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of New Britain total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New Britain Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

This dataset represents ethnic group (19 tick-box level) by highest level qualification, for England and Wales combined. The data are also broken down by age and by sex.

The ethnic group that the person completing the census feels they belong to. This could be based on their culture, family background, identity, or physical appearance. Respondents could choose one out of 19 tick-box response categories, including write-in response options.

Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

"Asian Welsh" and "Black Welsh" ethnic groups were included on the census questionnaire in Wales only, these categories were new for 2021.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021. This dataset shows population counts for usual residents aged 16+ Some people aged 16 years old will not have completed key stage 4 yet on census day, and so did not have the opportunity to record any qualifications on the census.

These estimates are not comparable to Department of Education figures on highest level of attainment because they include qualifications obtained outside England and Wales.

For quality information in general, please read more from here.

Ethnic Group (19 tick-box level)

These are the 19 ethnic group used in this dataset:

• Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh
  • Bangladeshi
  • Chinese
  • Indian
  • Pakistani
  • Other Asian
• Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African
  • African
  • Caribbean
  • Other Black
• Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups
  • White and Asian
  • White and Black African
  • White and Black Caribbean
  • Other Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups
• White
  • English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British
  • Gypsy or Irish Traveller
  • Irish
  • Roma
  • Other White
• Other ethnic group
  • Arab
  • Any other ethnic group

No qualifications

No qualifications

Level 1

Level 1 and entry level qualifications: 1 to 4 GCSEs grade A* to C , Any GCSEs at other grades, O levels or CSEs (any grades), 1 AS level, NVQ level 1, Foundation GNVQ, Basic or Essential Skills

Level 2

5 or more GCSEs (A* to C or 9 to 4), O levels (passes), CSEs (grade 1), School Certification, 1 A level, 2 to 3 AS levels, VCEs, Intermediate or Higher Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Intermediate Diploma, NVQ level 2, Intermediate GNVQ, City and Guilds Craft, BTEC First or General Diploma, RSA Diploma

Apprenticeship

Apprenticeship

Level 3

2 or more A levels or VCEs, 4 or more AS levels, Higher School Certificate, Progression or Advanced Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Advance Diploma, NVQ level 3; Advanced GNVQ, City and Guilds Advanced Craft, ONC, OND, BTEC National, RSA Advanced Diploma

Level 4 +

Degree (BA, BSc), higher degree (MA, PhD, PGCE), NVQ level 4 to 5, HNC, HND, RSA Higher Diploma, BTEC Higher level, professional qualifications (for example, teaching, nursing, accountancy)

Other

Vocational or work-related qualifications, other qualifications achieved in England or Wales, qualifications achieved outside England or Wales (equivalent not stated or unknown)

Economic Inactivity rate of people from non-white ethnic groups Source: Annual Population Survey (APS) Publisher: Nomis Geographies: Local Authority District (LAD), County/Unitary Authority, Government Office Region (GOR), National Geographic coverage: England Time coverage: 2004 to 2009 Type of data: Survey

Ethnicity pay gap estimates for 2018 across different ethnicity breakdowns using the Annual Population Survey.

Dataset population: Persons

Country of birth

Country of birth is the country in which a person was born. This topic records whether the person was born in or if they were not born in a country.

For the full country of birth classification in England and Wales, please see the National Statistics Country Classification.

Ethnic group

Ethnic group classifies people according to their own perceived ethnic group and cultural background.

This topic contains ethnic group write-in responses without reference to the five broad ethnic group categories, e.g. all Irish people, irrespective of whether they are White, Mixed/multiple ethnic groups, Asian/Asian British, Black/African/Caribbean/Black British or Other ethnic group, are in the 'Irish' response category. This topic was created as part of the commissioned table processing.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The purpose of this survey was to study non-white people aged 15 and over, whose families originate from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, or the East Indies, with reference to their housing, employment and educational characteristics, their awareness and experience of racial discrimination. Comparative data were also collected for white men aged 16 and over, using the same questionnaire but with questions omitted when not applicable. Main Topics: Attitudinal/Behavioural Questions Immigration: reasons; advantages of Britain/previous country; whether definite job arranged prior to arrival. Residence: number of rooms occupied; whether house was multi-occupied; amenities (whether shared); number of addresses in past five years. Tenure: 1. If owned: whether singly or jointly; mortgage/loan details; leasehold/freehold (date of expiry). 2. If rented: rent and rates details; council/private ownership; race of landlord. Council house tenants were asked how they obtained their housing. Reasons for leaving previous residence: A. Personal experience of mortgage/loan refusal, type of organisation which refused, year of application. B. Personal experience of refusal of rented accommodation, number of refusals, details of last refusal. In both A and B, respondents were asked to give the organisation's reasons for refusal and their personal opinion of reasons, with an explanation. Details of housing and financial facilities provided by the Council, entitlement/receipt of rent rebates and/or allowances, whether respondent has made an application to the council (length of time on waiting list). Occupation: hours worked per week, position, responsibility, qualifications, nature of firm, number of employees, source of information about job, promotion prospects, job satisfaction. In addition, respondents were asked whether they had visited the employment exchange or were receiving/had received benefits since 1964. Respondents were asked to relate experiences of unfair treatment with regard to promotion or application for jobs, and whether they thought there were firms giving equal opportunities to Asians and whites. Whether respondent believed employers discriminated against them - reasons. Details of previous refusals. Trade union membership and existence of unions at workplace. Whether unemployed women had ever considered working (reasons). Working women with children were asked about child care facilities (hours, cost, satisfaction, etc.) Asian women were asked whether religion or family custom restricted their lives in terms of work, going out, company. Desired change was explored. All respondents asked whether situation in Britain had improved for Asians over past five years - reasons. Knowledge of government bodies on race relations/Race Relations Board and its functions/Community Relations Commission and its functions was tested. Whether voted at previous general election. Whether on voting list. Background Variables Age, sex, place of birth, previous countries of residence, date of arrival in Britain, age on arrival in Britain. Number of persons in household, household status. Age finished full-time education, examination and qualification details, further study, school attended by children. Employment status, income, ownership of consumer durables. Residence: type, age, external conditions. Fluency in English, language of interview. Sampling area. Religion, church/mosque/temple attendance.

Data on household wealth in Great Britain by ethnic group. Includes total, property, financial, physical and private pension wealth by age, region, household composition and housing tenure.

This is a late July 2013 YouGov political tracker survey combining data on attitudes to race and immigration with questions on mobility history as well as voting intention, media consumption and other background variables. Data is also geocoded to ward level and ward-level census variables appended. The quantitative research will be based on ONS longitudinal survey and census data, as well the large-scale Citizenship Surveys and Understanding Society surveys. We will identify individual respondents from the quantitative research and explore their responses through qualitative work, in the form of three focus groups - two in Greater London, one in Birmingham. These will probe connections between respondents' local and national identities, their intentions to move neighbourhood, and their opinions on immigration, interethnic relations, community cohesion and voting behaviour.In the past decade in Britain, the 'white working-class' has been the focus of unprecedented media and policy attention. While class is a longstanding discursive category, the prefix 'white' is an important rider. We live in an era of global migration. Population pressure from the global South, and demand for workers in the developed North, will power what some term a 'third demographic transition' involving significant declines in the white majority populations of the western world (Coleman 2010). In the UK, the upsurge in diversity arguably presents a greater challenge for the working-class part of the white British population than for the middle class. Why? First, because for lower-status members of dominant groups, their ethnic identity tends to be their most prestigious social identity (Yiftachel 1999). Second, minorities tend to be from disadvantaged backgrounds and are therefore more likely to compete for housing and jobs with the white working class. Finally, because the white working-class is less comfortable navigating the contours of the new global knowledge economy than the middle class, it is more attached to existential securities rooted in the local and national context (Skey 2011). How might the white working class respond to increasing diversity? Drawing upon Albert O. Hirschman's classic book Exit, Voice and Loyalty (1970), we posit three possible responses: 'exit', 'voice' and 'accommodation.' The first possibility is white 'exit': geographic segregation, or, in the extreme, 'white flight'. A second avenue is 'voice': spearheading an identity politics based on opposition to immigration and voting for white nationalist parties. A third possibility is accommodation, in which members of the white working-class become more comfortable with elevated levels of ethnic diversity in their neighbourhood and nation. From exploratory research and existing literature, we suggest that a three-stage pattern of voice, exit and accommodation may be a useful way of thinking about white working-class responses to diversity in the UK. In other words, initial diversity meets strong white working-class resistance, expressed in attitudes and voting. This is followed by a degree of white out-migration, and then by a decline in anti-immigration sentiment and far right voting. Yet these broad patterns require finer-grained analysis that takes both individual characteristics and local context into account. This project will test these propositions through quantitative and qualitative research. There are three major dimensions of white working class attitudes and behaviour we seek to explain. Namely, whether members of the white working-class: 1) are more likely than other groups to leave or avoid areas with large or growing minority populations; 2) oppose immigration more strongly if they reside in diverse or ethnically changing wards and local authorities; and 3) support far right parties more if they reside in diverse or ethnically changing wards and local authorities. A central question we seek to answer is whether inter-ethnic contact reduces white working-class antagonism toward minorities (the contact hypothesis), or whether increased diversity leads to white flight, leaving relatively tolerant whites remaining in diverse neighbourhoods. The latter, 'hydraulic' process mimics the contact hypothesis but does not signify increased accommodation. Telephone interview of 1869 individuals (YouGov) in Britain. Further details available in the YouGov Archive Birbeck results pdf which is available in the related resources section of this project record.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE), led by the University of Manchester with the Universities of St Andrews, Sussex, Glasgow, Edinburgh, LSE, Goldsmiths, King's College London and Manchester Metropolitan University, designed and carried out the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS), with Ipsos as the survey partner. EVENS documents the lives of ethnic and religious minorities in Britain during the coronavirus pandemic and is, to date, the largest and most comprehensive survey to do so.EVENS used online and telephone survey modes, multiple languages, and a suite of recruitment strategies to reach the target audience. Words of Colour coordinated the recruitment strategies to direct participants to the survey, and partnerships with 13 voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) organisations[1] helped to recruit participants for the survey.The ambition of EVENS was to better represent ethnic and religious minorities compared to existing data sources regarding the range and diversity of represented minority population groups and the topic coverage. Thus, the EVENS survey used an 'open' survey approach, which requires participants to opt-in to the survey instead of probability-based approaches that invite individuals to participate following their identification within a pre-defined sampling frame. This 'open' approach sought to overcome some of the limitations of probability-based methods in order to reach a large number and diverse mix of people from religious and ethnic minorities.EVENS included a wide range of research and policy questions, including education, employment and economic well-being, housing, social, cultural and political participation, health, and experiences of racism and discrimination, particularly with respect to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Crucially, EVENS covered a full range of racial, ethnic and religious groups, including those often unrepresented in such work (such as Chinese, Jewish and Traveller groups), resulting in the participation of 14,215 participants, including 9,702 ethnic minority participants and a general population sample of 4,513, composed of White people who classified themselves as English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish, and British. Data collection covered the period between 16 February 2021 and 14 August 2021.Further information about the study can be found on the EVENS project website.A teaching dataset based on the main EVENS study is available from the UKDS under SN 9249.[1] The VCSE organisations included Business in the Community, BEMIS (Scotland), Ethnic Minorities and Youth Support Team (Wales), Friends, Families and Travellers, Institute for Jewish Policy Research, Migrants' Rights Networks, Muslim Council Britain, NHS Race and Health Observatory, Operation Black Vote, Race Equality Foundation, Runnymede Trust, Stuart Hall Foundation, and The Ubele Initiative. Main Topics: Ethnic minorities, religious minorities, ethnicity, inequality, education, employment and economic well-being, housing, social participation, cultural participation, political participation, health, experiences of racism, experiences of discrimination, impact of COVID-19 pandemic. A number of different methods were used to recruit participants. See documentation for details.

This dataset provides Census 2022 estimates for the Ethnic Group (in 21 categories) by age (in 20 categories) in Scotland.

Age

A person's age on Census Day, 20 March 2022. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age.

Ethnic group

Ethnic group classifies people according to their own perceived ethnic group and cultural background. Whilst the main ethnic group categories have not changed from the question asked in Census 2011, some of the detailed response options and write-in prompts for Scotland's Census 2022 were changed based on stakeholder engagement and subsequent question testing.

Details of classification can be found here

The quality assurance report can be found here

This dataset represents ethnic group (19 tick-box level) by dwelling tenure and by occupancy rating, for England and Wales combined. The data are also broken down by age and by sex.

The ethnic group that the person completing the census feels they belong to. This could be based on their culture, family background, identity, or physical appearance. Respondents could choose one out of 19 tick-box response categories, including write-in response options.

Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

"Asian Welsh" and "Black Welsh" ethnic groups were included on the census questionnaire in Wales only, these categories were new for 2021.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

All housing data in these tables do not include commual establishments.

For quality information in general, please read more from here.

For specific quality information about housing, please read more from here

Ethnic Group (19 tick-box level)

These are the 19 ethnic group used in this dataset:

• Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh
  • Bangladeshi
  • Chinese
  • Indian
  • Pakistani
  • Other Asian
• Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African
  • African
  • Caribbean
  • Other Black
• Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups
  • White and Asian
  • White and Black African
  • White and Black Caribbean
  • Other Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups
• White
  • English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British
  • Gypsy or Irish Traveller
  • Irish
  • Roma
  • Other White
• Other ethnic group
  • Arab
  • Any other ethnic group

Occupancy rating of bedrooms: 0 or more

A household’s accommodation has an ideal number of bedrooms or more bedrooms than required (under-occupied)

Occupancy rating of bedrooms: -1 or less

A household’s accommodation has fewer bedrooms than required (overcrowded)

Dataset population: Households

Ethnic group of HRP

Ethnic group classifies people according to their own perceived ethnic group and cultural background.

The concept of a Household Reference Person (HRP) was introduced in the 2001 Census (in common with other government surveys in 2001/2) to replace the traditional concept of the 'head of the household'. HRPs provide an individual person within a household to act as a reference point for producing further derived statistics and for characterising a whole household according to characteristics of the chosen reference person.

Household composition

Household composition classifies households according to the relationships between the household members. Households consisting of one family and no other usual residents are classified according to the type of family (married, same-sex civil partnership or cohabiting couple family, or lone parent family) and the number of dependent children. Other households are classified by the number of people, the number of dependent children, or whether the household consists only of students or only of people aged 65 and over.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. This research addresses social cohesion at the community level, and how this has evolved over a forty year period in a multicultural setting in a place in Surrey. It aims to bridge the potential tensions between the community approach pursued by national and local government agencies and the lived complexities of multicultural areas of Britain. The research focuses on a location that includes established white Italian-Sicilian and Asian Pakistani minorities and the majority white population. White Italian settlers are particularly interesting in this context since they are invisible in the 'race' and ethnicity literature in Britain as a minority group. An examination of how belonging is experienced for white and Asian minorities will provide insights into the ways in which these established minorities are positioned in relation to the white majority. Particular emphasis will be given to how residents across ethnic locations narrate their attachment to the area they live. This also involves an analysis of how residents perceive and interact with newly arrived migrants. The research will be based on recorded family histories for each of the three ethnicities.

Dataset population: Persons

Ethnic group

Ethnic group classifies people according to their own perceived ethnic group and cultural background.

This topic contains ethnic group write-in responses without reference to the five broad ethnic group categories, e.g. all Irish people, irrespective of whether they are White, Mixed/multiple ethnic groups, Asian/Asian British, Black/African/Caribbean/Black British or Other ethnic group, are in the "Irish" response category. This topic was created as part of the commissioned table processing.

Religion

This is a person's current religion, or if the person does not have a religion, 'No religion'. No determination is made about whether a person was a practicing member of a religion. Unlike other census questions where missing answers are imputed, this question was voluntary and where no answer was provided, the response is categorised as 'Not stated'.

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are genomic regions consisting of repeated sequences of 1-6bp in succession. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) do not fully capture STR effects. To study these effects, we imputed 445,720 STRs into genotype arrays from 408,153 White British UK Biobank participants and tested for association with 44 blood phenotypes. Using two fine-mapping methods, we identify 119 candidate causal STR-trait associations and estimate that STRs account for 5.2–7.6% of causal variants identifiable from GWAS for these traits. These are among the strongest associations for multiple phenotypes, including a coding CTG repeat associated with apolipoprotein B levels, a promoter CGG repeat with platelet traits and an intronic poly-A repeat with mean platelet volume. Our study suggests that STRs make widespread contributions to complex traits, provides stringently selected candidate causal STRs, and demonstrates the need to consider a more complete view of genetic variation in GWAS. Methods Please see the Cell Genomics article or biorXiv preprint for detailed methods. Alternatively, the relevant portion of the methods from the paper have been pasted below, but lacking references and with some distortions due to the difficulty of copying mathematical formulae. For references to tables, figures, notes and the key resources table, please refer to the paper. Selection of UK Biobank participants We downloaded the fam file and sample file for version 2 of the phased SNP array data (referred to in the UKB documentation as the ‘haplotype’ dataset) using the ukbgene utility (ver Jan 28 2019 14:09:15 - using Glibc2.28(stable)) described in UKB Data Showcase Resource ID 664 (see Key Resources Table). The IDs from the sample file already excluded 968 individuals previously identified as having excessive principal component-adjusted SNP array heterozygosity or excessive SNP array missingness after call-level filtering indicating potential DNA contamination. We further removed withdrawn participants, indicated by non-positive IDs in the sample file as well as by IDs in email communications from the UKB access management team. After the additional filtering, data for 487,279 individuals remained. We downloaded the sample quality control (QC) file (described in the sample QC section of UKB Data Showcase Resource ID 531 (see Key Resources Table)) from the European Genome-Phenome Archive (accession EGAF00001844707) using pyEGA3. We subsetted the non-withdrawn individuals above to the 408,870 (83.91%) participants identified as White-British by column in.white.British.ancestry.subset of the sample QC file. This field was computed by the UKB team to only include individuals whose self-reported ethnic background was White British and whose genetic principal components were not outliers compared to the other individuals in that group. In concordance with previous analyses of this cohort we additionally removed data for: ● 2 individuals with an excessive number of inferred relatives, removed due to plausible SNP array contamination (participants listed in sample QC file column excluded.from.kinship.inference that had not already been removed by the UKB team prior to phasing) ● 308 individuals whose self-reported sex did not match the genetically inferred sex, removed due to concern for sample mislabeling (participants where sample QC file columns Submitted.Gender and Inferred.Gender did not match) ● 407 additional individuals with putative sex chromosome aneuploidies removed as their genetic signals might differ significantly from the rest of the population (listed in sample QC file column putative.sex.chromosome.aneuploidy) Following these additional filters the data for 408,153 individuals remained (99.82% of the White British individuals considered above). SNP and indel dataset preprocessing We obtained both phased hard-called and imputed SNP and short indel genotypes made available by the UKB. These variants were provided in reference genome hg19 coordinates, and all analyses in this study, unless otherwise specified, were performed with hg19 coordinates. Phased hard-called genotypes: We downloaded the bgen files containing the hard-called SNP and indel haplotypes (release version 2) and the corresponding sample and fam files using the ukbgene utility (UKB Data Showcase Resource 664 (see Key Resources Table)). These variants had been genotyped using microarrays and phased using SHAPEIT3 with the 1000 genomes phase 3 reference panel. Variants genotyped on the microarray were excluded from phasing and downstream analyses if they failed QC on more than one microarray genotyping batch, had overall call-missingness rate greater than 5% or had minor allele frequency less than 0.01%. Of the resulting 658,720 variants, 99.5% were single nucleotide variants, 0.2% were short indels (average length 1.9bp, maximal length 26bp), and 0.2% were short deletions (average length 1.9bp, maximal length 29bp). Imputed genotypes: We similarly downloaded imputed SNP data using the ukbgene utility (release version 3). Variants had been imputed with IMPUTE4 using the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel, with additional variants from the UK10K and 1000 Genomes phase 3 reference panels. The resulting imputed variants contain 93,095,623 variants, consisting of 96.0% single nucleotide variants, 1.3% short insertions (average length 2.5bp, maximum length 661bp), 2.6% short deletions (average length 3.1bp, maximum length 129bp). This set does not include the 11 classic human leukocyte antigen alleles imputed separately. We used bgen-reader 4.0.8 to access the downloaded bgen files in python. We used plink2 v2.00a3LM (build AVX2 Intel 28 Oct 2020) to convert bgen files from both hard-called and imputed SNPs to the plink2 format for downstream analyses. For hard-called genotypes, we used plink to set the first allele to match the hg19 reference genome. Imputed genotypes already matched the reference. Unless otherwise noted, our pipeline worked with imputed genotypes as non-reference allele dosages, i.e. for each individual. STR imputation We previously published a reference panel containing phased haplotypes of SNP variants alongside 445,720 autosomal STR variants in 2,504 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project (see Key Resources Table). This panel focuses on STRs ascertained to be highly polymorphic and well-imputed in European individuals. Notably, this excludes many STRs known to be implicated in repeat expansion diseases, STRs that are primarily polymorphic only in non-European populations, or STRs that are too mutable to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with nearby SNPs. The IDs listed in the ‘str’ column of Supplemental Table 2 at that URL describe which variants in the reference panel are STRs and which are other types of variants. That produces a list of 445,715 unique variant IDs and 5 IDs which are each assigned to four separate variants in the reference panel VCFs. For the IDs with multiple assignments, we selected the variant that appeared first in the VCF and discarded the others, leaving 445,720 unique STR variants each with unique IDs. While our analyses with these STRs were performed using hg19 coordinates unless otherwise stated, we also provide hg38 reference coordinates for these STRs in the supplemental tables. We obtained those coordinates using LiftOver which resulted in identical coordinates as in HipSTR’s hg38 STR reference panel (see Key Resources Table). All STRs successfully lifted over to hg38 coordinates. To select shared variants for imputation, we note that 641,582 (97.4%) of SNP and indel variants that were hard-called and phased in the UKB participants were present in our SNP-STR reference panel. As a quality control step, we filtered variants that had highly discordant minor allele frequencies between the 1000 Genomes European subpopulations (see Key Resources Table) and White British individuals from the UKB. We first took a maximal unrelated set of the White British individuals (see Phenotype Methods below) and then visually inspected the alternate allele frequency of the overlapping variants (Figure S1) and chose to remove the 110 variants with an alternate allele frequency difference of more than 12%. We used Beagle v5.1 (build 25Nov19.28d) with the tool’s provided human genetic maps (see Key Resources Table) and non-default flag ap=true to impute STRs into the remaining 641,472 SNPs and indels from the SNP-STR panel into the hard-called SNP haplotypes. Though we performed the above comparison between reference panel Europeans and UKB White British individuals, we performed this STR imputation into all UKB participants using all the individuals in the reference panel. We chose Beagle because it can handle multi-allelic loci. Due to computational constraints, we ran Beagle per chromosome on batches of 1000 participants at a time with roughly 18GB of memory. We merged the resulting VCFs across batches and extracted only the STR variants. Lastly, we added back the INFO fields present in the SNP-STR reference panel that Beagle removed during imputation.

Estimated allele frequencies (Figure 1b) were computed as follows: for each allele length for each STR, we summed the imputed probability of the STR on that chromosome to have length over both chromosomes of all unrelated participants. That sum is divided by the total number of chromosomes considered to obtain the estimated frequency of each allele. Inferring repeat units Each STR in the SNP-STR reference panel was previously annotated with a repeat period - the length of its repeat unit - but not the repeat unit itself. We inferred the repeat unit of each STR in the panel as follows: we considered the STR’s reference allele and given period. We then took each k-mer in the reference allele where k is the repeat period, standardized those k-mers, and took their counts. We

The latest population figures produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on 28 June 2018 show that an estimated 534,800 people live in Bradford District – an increase of 2,300 people (0.4%) since the previous year. Bradford District is the fifth largest metropolitan district (in terms of population) in England, after Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and Manchester although the District’s population growth is lower than other major cities. The increase in the District’s population is largely due to “natural change”- there have been around 3,300 more births than deaths, although this has been balanced by a larger number of people leaving Bradford to live in other parts of the UK than coming to live here and a lower number of international migrants. In 2016/17 the net internal migration was -2,700 and the net international migration was 1,700. A large proportion of Bradford’s population is dominated by the younger age groups. More than one-quarter (29%) of the District’s population is aged less than 20 and nearly seven in ten people are aged less than 50. Bradford has the highest percentage of the under 16 population in England after the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, Slough Borough Council and Luton Borough Council. The population of Bradford is ethnically diverse. The largest proportion of the district’s population (63.9%) identifies themselves as White British. The district has the largest proportion of people of Pakistani ethnic origin (20.3%) in England. The largest religious group in Bradford is Christian (45.9% of the population). Nearly one quarter of the population (24.7%) are Muslim. Just over one fifth of the district’s population (20.7%) stated that they had no religion. There are 216,813 households in the Bradford district. Most households own their own home (29.3% outright and 35.7% with a mortgage). The percentage of privately rented households is 18.1%. 29.6% of households were single person households. Information from the Annual Population Survey in December 2017 found that Bradford has 228,100 people aged 16-64 in employment. At 68% this is significantly lower than the national rate (74.9%). 91,100 (around 1 in 3 people) aged 16-64, are not in work. The claimant count rate is 2.9% which is higher than the regional and national averages. Skill levels are improving with 26.5% of 16 to 74 year olds educated to degree level. 18% of the district’s employed residents work in retail/wholesale. The percentage of people working in manufacturing has continued to decrease from 13.4% in 2009 to 11.9% in 2016. This is still higher than the average for Great Britain (8.1%).

This data contains school counts by school-level Progress 8 scores for White British disadvantaged pupils, for those secondary schools where more than 20% of the pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 (KS4) were disadvantaged White British.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the median household income across different racial categories in New Britain. It portrays the median household income of the head of household across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into economic disparities and trends and explore the variations in median houshold income for diverse racial categories.

Key observations

Based on our analysis of the distribution of New Britain population by race & ethnicity, the population is predominantly White. This particular racial category constitutes the majority, accounting for 53.28% of the total residents in New Britain. Notably, the median household income for White households is $60,689. Interestingly, despite the White population being the most populous, it is worth noting that Black or African American households actually reports the highest median household income, with a median income of $65,086. This reveals that, while Whites may be the most numerous in New Britain, Black or African American households experience greater economic prosperity in terms of median household income.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race of the head of household: This column presents the self-identified race of the household head, encompassing all relevant racial categories (excluding ethnicity) applicable in New Britain.
• Median household income: Median household income, adjusting for inflation, presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New Britain median household income by race. You can refer the same here

This dataset displays the population statistics by county and age for England and Wales. This data is derived from statistics from the 2001 UK Census. Due to variation in the data and the shapefile data is not available for Merseyside, West Midlands, West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, and Tyne and Wear.