The census is undertaken by the Office for National Statistics every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales. The most recent census took place in March of 2021.The census asks every household questions about the people who live there and the type of home they live in. In doing so, it helps to build a detailed snapshot of society. Information from the census helps the government and local authorities to plan and fund local services, such as education, doctors' surgeries and roads.Key census statistics for Leicester are published on the open data platform to make information accessible to local services, voluntary and community groups, and residents. There is also a dashboard published showcasing various datasets from the census allowing users to view data for all MSOAs and compare this with Leicester overall statistics.Further information about the census and full datasets can be found on the ONS website - https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/aboutcensus/censusproductsProficiency in EnglishThis dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.Definition: How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.This dataset provides details for the MSOAs of Leicester city.

This provides estimates of the percentage of usual residents aged 3 and over in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The proficiency in English classification corresponds to the tick box response options on the census questionnaire. Estimates are used to help central government, local authorities and the NHS allocate resources and provide services for non-English speakers. It also helps public service providers effectively target the delivery of their services. For example, translation and interpretation services and material in alternative languages. Statistical Disclosure Control - In order to protect against disclosure of personal information from the Census, there has been swapping of records in the Census database between different geographic areas, and so some counts will be affected. In the main, the greatest effects will be at the lowest geographies, since the record swapping is targeted towards those households with unusual characteristics in small areas. Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 3rd of each month.

The census is undertaken by the Office for National Statistics every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales. The most recent census took place in March of 2021.The census asks every household questions about the people who live there and the type of home they live in. In doing so, it helps to build a detailed snapshot of society. Information from the census helps the government and local authorities to plan and fund local services, such as education, doctors' surgeries and roads.Key census statistics for Leicester are published on the open data platform to make information accessible to local services, voluntary and community groups, and residents. There is also a dashboard published showcasing various datasets from the census allowing users to view data for all wards and compare this with Leicester overall statistics.Further information about the census and full datasets can be found on the ONS website - https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/aboutcensus/censusproductsProficiency in EnglishThis dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.Definition: How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.This dataset provides details for the electoral wards of Leicester city.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in Wales aged 3 years and over in Wales by ability to speak Welsh, by national identity, and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

The increase since the 2011 Census in people identifying as “British” and fall in people identifying as “English” may partly reflect true changes in self-perception. It is also likely to reflect that “British” replaced “English” as the first response option listed on the questionnaire in England. Read more about this quality notice.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Welsh speaking ability

This classifies a person as being able to "Speak Welsh". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:

• understand spoken Welsh
• read Welsh
• write Welsh

In results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have.

National identity

Someone’s national identity is a self-determined assessment of their own identity, it could be the country or countries where they feel they belong or think of as home. It is not dependent on ethnic group or citizenship.

Respondents could select more than one national identity.

Age (B)

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age. Age is categorised as follows:

• Aged 15 years and under
• Aged 16 to 49 years
• Aged 50 years and over

Table of Numbers and proportion of adult population (16+) who speak English at home as their first language, by borough.

Data is taken from the third quarter (July-Sep) Labour Force Survey. Language questions are asked once every three years (2006, 2009, 2012 etc).

The question asked to all people aged 16 and over is What is your first language at home?

95% confidence intervals are provided. Denominator is 16+ population from ONS mid-year estimates. Numbers are rounded to hundred.

Note: The 2011 Census gathered data about language, and that is considered a more accurate source of language data. LFS data is published here for completeness and trend purposes.

Dataset population: Persons aged 3 and over

Age

Age is derived from the date of birth question and is a person's age at their last birthday, at 27 March 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. Infants less than one year old are classified as 0 years of age.

General health

General health is a self-assessment of a person's general state of health. People were asked to assess whether their health was very good, good, fair, bad or very bad.

For England and Wales, this assessment is not based on a person's health over any specified period of time.

Proficiency in English

Proficiency in English language classifies people whose main language is not English (or not English or Welsh in Wales) according to their ability to speak English. A person is classified in one of the categories:

• Can speak English very well
• Can speak English well
• Cannot speak English well
• Cannot speak English

This question was handled slightly differently in the England and Wales censuses.

In the English census a tick box was used in Question 18, asking 'What is your main language?', giving the option of 'English' or 'Other'.

In the Welsh census, a tick box was used in Question 18, asking 'What is your main language?', giving the option of 'English or Welsh' or 'Other'.

Those who ticked 'Other' would be asked about their ability to speak English.

A consequence of this is that a person who reports their main language to be Welsh and completed the Welsh census, will not be asked about their ability to speak English. Whereas a person who indicates that their main language is Welsh and lives in England would be asked about 'their ability to speak English'.

Copies of the census forms can be found here: UK census forms.

Sex

The classification of a person as either male or female.

Dataset population: Persons aged 3 and over

Age upon arrival in the UK

The age of arrival in the UK is derived from the date that a person last arrived to live in the UK and their age. Short visits away from the UK are not counted in determining the date that a person last arrived.

Age of arrival is only applicable to usual residents who were not born in the UK. It does not include usual residents born in the UK who have emigrated and since returned; these are recorded in the category 'Born in the UK'.

Proficiency in English

Proficiency in English language classifies people whose main language is not English (or not English or Welsh in Wales) according to their ability to speak English. A person is classified in one of the categories:

• Can speak English very well
• Can speak English well
• Cannot speak English well
• Cannot speak English

This question was handled slightly differently in the England and Wales censuses.

In the English census a tick box was used in Question 18, asking 'What is your main language?', giving the option of 'English' or 'Other'.

In the Welsh census, a tick box was used in Question 18, asking 'What is your main language?', giving the option of 'English or Welsh' or 'Other'.

Those who ticked 'Other' would be asked about their ability to speak English.

A consequence of this is that a person who reports their main language to be Welsh and completed the Welsh census, will not be asked about their ability to speak English. Whereas a person who indicates that their main language is Welsh and lives in England would be asked about 'their ability to speak English'.

Copies of the census forms can be found here: UK census forms.

This dataset contains data from two studies on deaf children with spoken language multilingualism and professional practice. An increasing number of deaf children are being raised with multiple spoken languages; however, there is limited data available on their cognitive and language abilities, and on what advice professionals give to parents with regards to this communication choice. The aim of Study 1 was to explore professional beliefs about a deaf child’s ability to acquire two spoken languages and what factors impact this. The study also investigated what advice professionals give to multilingual parents who are considering raising their deaf child with two spoken languages. Three professional roles were included in this study: Speech and Language Therapists, Teachers of the Deaf and Audiologists. All professionals who participated were working in the UK. The aim of Study 2 was to examine the cognitive and language abilities of deaf children with spoken language multilingualism compared to deaf children who only speak English, hearing monolingual children and hearing multilingual children. The children were all aged between 7 and 10 years old. Cognitive abilities focused on executive function and Theory of Mind, whilst English language abilities focused on expressive vocabulary and morphosyntax. The multilingual children’s home languages were also assessed using parental reports. All the children who participated were living in the UK.An increasing number of D/deaf children are born to multilingual parents who must decide whether to raise them with spoken language multilingualism (SLM). This dataset comprises data from two studies designed around the evidence-based practice framework to support professionals in their role in helping multilingual parents make informed communication decisions. The first study investigated the beliefs of 108 professionals on SLM in deaf children and what advice they give to parents. The second study examined the language and cognitive abilities of five deaf children with SLM compared to five deaf children who only spoke English (oral monolingual), five hearing monolingual children and five hearing multilingual children. Study 1 was an observational study and collected data using an online survey that was created using the onlinesurveys.ac.uk platform. Quantitative data were obtained through yes/no questions, multiple choice questions and Likert 4-point Rating Scales. 108 professionals in the UK completed the online survey. Study 2 used direct assessments and parental questionnaires/inventories to assess the cognitive and language abilities of four groups of children (aged 7 to 10 years old): deaf children with spoken language multilingualism; deaf children who only spoke English; hearing monolingual children and hearing multilingual children. Five children in each group participated and data collection took place online using video calls through Microsoft Teams or Skype.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by their proficiency in English. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Proficiency in English language (6 categories)

How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.

Dataset population: Persons aged 3 and over

Age

Age is derived from the date of birth question and is a person's age at their last birthday, at 27 March 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. Infants less than one year old are classified as 0 years of age.

Proficiency in English

Proficiency in English language classifies people whose main language is not English (or not English or Welsh in Wales) according to their ability to speak English. A person is classified in one of the categories:

• Can speak English very well
• Can speak English well
• Cannot speak English well
• Cannot speak English

This question was handled slightly differently in the England and Wales censuses.

In the English census a tick box was used in Question 18, asking "What is your main language?", giving the option of 'English' or 'Other'.

In the Welsh census, a tick box was used in Question 18, asking "What is your main language?", giving the option of 'English or Welsh' or 'Other'.

Those who ticked 'Other' would be asked about their ability to speak English.

A consequence of this is that a person who reports their main language to be Welsh and completed the Welsh census, will not be asked about their ability to speak English. Whereas a person who indicates that their main language is Welsh and lives in England would be asked about 'their ability to speak English'.

Copies of the census forms can be found here: UK census forms.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 3 years and over in England and Wales by proficiency in English and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Lower tier local authorities

Lower tier local authorities provide a range of local services. There are 309 lower tier local authorities in England made up of 181 non-metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities, 36 metropolitan districts and 33 London boroughs (including City of London). In Wales there are 22 local authorities made up of 22 unitary authorities.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. However, you can choose to filter areas by:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Proficiency in English language

How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.

Age

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age.

Dataset population: Persons aged 16 and over

Age

Age is derived from the date of birth question and is a person's age at their last birthday, at 27 March 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. Infants less than one year old are classified as 0 years of age.

Occupation

A person's occupation relates to their main job and is derived from either their job title or details of the activities involved in their job. This is used to assign responses to an occupation code based on the Standard Occupational Classification 2010 (SOC2010).

Proficiency in English

Proficiency in English language classifies people whose main language is not English (or not English or Welsh in Wales) according to their ability to speak English. A person is classified in one of the categories:

• Can speak English very well
• Can speak English well
• Cannot speak English well
• Cannot speak English

This question was handled slightly differently in the England and Wales censuses.

In the English census a tick box was used in Question 18, asking 'What is your main language?', giving the option of 'English' or 'Other'.

In the Welsh census, a tick box was used in Question 18, asking 'What is your main language?', giving the option of 'English or Welsh' or 'Other'.

Those who ticked 'Other' would be asked about their ability to speak English.

A consequence of this is that a person who reports their main language to be Welsh and completed the Welsh census, will not be asked about their ability to speak English. Whereas a person who indicates that their main language is Welsh and lives in England would be asked about 'their ability to speak English'.

Copies of the census forms can be found here: UK census forms.

Sex

The classification of a person as either male or female.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and Wales by proficiency in English and by economic activity status. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

As Census 2021 was during a unique period of rapid change, take care when using this data for planning purposes. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Lower tier local authorities

Lower tier local authorities provide a range of local services. There are 309 lower tier local authorities in England made up of 181 non-metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities, 36 metropolitan districts and 33 London boroughs (including City of London). In Wales there are 22 local authorities made up of 22 unitary authorities.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. However, you can choose to filter areas by:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Proficiency in English language

How well people whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) speak English.

Economic activity status

People aged 16 years and over are economically active if, between 15 March and 21 March 2021, they were:

• in employment (an employee or self-employed)
• unemployed, but looking for work and could start within two weeks
• unemployed, but waiting to start a job that had been offered and accepted

It is a measure of whether or not a person was an active participant in the labour market during this period. Economically inactive are those aged 16 years and over who did not have a job between 15 March to 21 March 2021 and had not looked for work between 22 February to 21 March 2021 or could not start work within two weeks.

The census definition differs from International Labour Organization definition used on the Labour Force Survey, so estimates are not directly comparable.

This classification splits out full-time students from those who are not full-time students when they are employed or unemployed. It is recommended to sum these together to look at all of those in employment or unemployed, or to use the four category labour market classification, if you want to look at all those with a particular labour market status.

Census 2021 data on international student population of England and Wales by country of birth, passport held, age, sex and other characteristics.

These datasets are part of the release: The changing picture of long-term international migration, England and Wales: Census 2021. Figures may differ slightly in future releases because of the impact of removing rounding and applying further statistical processes.

Figures are based on geography boundaries as of 1 April 2022.

This release includes comparisons to the folllowing 2011 Census data:

• Students in full-time education
• International students (by Region)
• International students by country of birth
• International students by Top 100 countries of birth

Quality notes can be found here

Quality information about demography and migration can be found here

Quality information about labour market can be found here

Usual resident

A usual resident is anyone who on Census Day, 21 March 2021 was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

International student

An international student is defined as someone who was a usual resident in England and Wales and meets all the following criteria:

• in-full-time education
• non-UK-born
• non-UK passport holder
• aged 17 years or over upon most recent arrival in the UK
• aged 18 years or over on Census Day.

Country of birth

The country in which a person was born. The following country of birth classifications are used in this dataset:

• Country of birth 12a: Political groupings of countries by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Country of birth 190a: Individual countries. This classification includes geographical groupings for low volume countries.
• Country of birth (3 categories): These categories have been derived from country of birth 12a and include all UK countries in "Europe: United Kingdom", all EU countries in "Europe: EU countries" and all remaining countries including British Overseas territories in "Non-EU countries (including British Overseas)".

More information about country of birth classifications can be found here.

Passports held

The country or countries that a person holds, or is entitled to hold, a passport for. Where a person recorded having more than one passport, they were counted only once, categorised in the following priority order: 1. UK passport, 2. Irish passport, 3. Other passport. The following classifications were created for this dataset for comparability with other international migration releases:

• Passports held (4 categories): High level political groupings of passport held by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Passports held (12 categories): Political groupings of passport held by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Passports held (150 categories): Individual countries for passport held. This classification includes geographical groupings for low volume countries.

More information can be found here

Economic activity status

The economic activity status of a person on Census Day, 21 March 2021. The following classification is used in this dataset:

• Economic activity status classification status_12a

Industry

The industry worked in for those in current employment. The following classification was used for this dataset:

• Industry (current) classification 22a

Student accommodation

Student accommodation breaks down household type by typical households used by students. This includes communal establishments, all student households, households containing a single family, households containing multiple families, living with parents and living alone.

More information can be found here

Second address indicator

The second address indicator is used to define an address (in or out of the UK) a person stays at for more than 30 days per year that is not their place of usual residence. Second addresses typically include: armed forces bases, addresses used by people working away from home, a student’s home address, the address of another parent or guardian, a partner’s address, a holiday home. There are 3 categories in this classification.

Detailed description can be found here

Main language (detailed)

This is used to define a person's first or preferred language. This breaks down the responses given in the write-in option "Other, write in (including British Sign Language)". There are 95 categories in the primary classification.

More details can be found here

Proficiency in English language

Proficiency in English language is used to determine how well a person whose main language is not English (English or Welsh in Wales) feels they can speak English. There are a total number of 6 categories in this classification.

More details can be found here