External Debt in Pakistan increased to 134971 USD Million in the second quarter of 2025 from 130179 USD Million in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - Pakistan External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Pakistan recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - Pakistan Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Pakistan decreased to 76605 PKR Billion in September from 77458.60 PKR Billion in August of 2025. This dataset provides - Pakistan Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract

Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage

The sample excludes the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) because of security risks. The excluded area represents less than 5% of the total adult population.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year.

The sample size in the majority of economies was 1,000 individuals.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

The benchmark interest rate in Pakistan was last recorded at 11 percent. This dataset provides - Pakistan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private schools that rely entirely on student fees for financing are increasingly popular in many low-income countries and parents often prefer these schools to government-run ones. In Pakistan, children in these schools tend to outperform students in government-run schools. But financial constraints can limit the growth of these private schools, whose fees are set low to attract poor students, especially if they cannot access formal credit markets. Researchers from Pomona College, Harvard University and the World Bank have designed an impact evaluation to study private financing models - grants and loans - to support private schools in Pakistan.

The intervention centered on two financing approaches: a grant model and microloans. The program included a pilot microloan intervention to allow researchers to better develop and target loan products. This randomized control trial covered about 2,000 schools in about 650 villages across two districts in Punjab, Pakistan's most populous province.

Baseline, midline and endline surveys were conducted at both school and individual level. Within each survey, there were specific sections aimed to collect information from different perspectives. Thus, the survey initially included sections to be answered by the school owner, head teacher, class teacher, children, and operational head of the school. However, during the implementation process some changes were made in consultation with the World Bank's Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund (SIEF) and other parties involved. As a result, the final evaluation (or the endline survey) for this project shifted its focus to more specific objectives, concentrating on certain sections of initial surveys but also including additional components that would serve to the development of other projects.

The replication files for the associated American Economic Review (AER) Journal publication - Upping the Ante: The Equilibrium Effects of Unconditional Grants to Private Schools ("https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20180924") are documented here for public use.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Pakistan increased to 19687.60 USD Million in October from 18904.30 USD Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Pakistan Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The yield on Pakistan 10Y Bond Yield eased to 11.89% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.01 points, though it remains 0.08 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Pakistan 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Consumer Credit in Pakistan increased to 1362444 PKR Million in October from 1307479 PKR Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Pakistan Consumer Credit- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Pakistan recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 6.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - Pakistan Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.