Government Revenues in the United States decreased to 371229 USD Million in May from 850169 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Motivation

In the United States, city governments provide many services: they run public school districts, administer certain welfare and health programs, build roads and manage airports, provide police and fire protection, inspect buildings, and often run water and utility systems. Cities also get revenues through certain local taxes, various fees and permit costs, sale of property, and through the fees they charge for the utilities they run.

It would be interesting to compare all these expenses and revenues across cities and over time, but also quite difficult. Cities share many of these service responsibilities with other government agencies: in one particular city, some roads may be maintained by the state government, some law enforcement provided by the county sheriff, some schools run by independent school districts with their own tax revenue, and some utilities run by special independent utility districts. These governmental structures vary greatly by state and by individual city. It would be hard to make a fair comparison without taking into account all these differences.

This dataset takes into account all those differences. The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy produces what they call “Fiscally Standardized Cities” (FiSCs), aggregating all services provided to city residents regardless of how they may be divided up by different government agencies and jurisdictions. Using this, we can study city expenses and revenues, and how the proportions of different costs vary over time.

Data

The dataset tracks over 200 American cities between 1977 and 2020. Each row represents one city for one year. Revenue and expenditures are broken down into more than 120 categories.

Values are available for FiSCs and also for the entities that make it up: the city, the county, independent school districts, and any special districts, such as utility districts. There are hence five versions of each variable, with suffixes indicating the entity. For example, taxes gives the FiSC’s tax revenue, while taxes_city, taxes_cnty, taxes_schl, and taxes_spec break it down for the city, county, school districts, and special districts.

The values are organized hierarchically. For example, taxes is the sum of tax_property (property taxes), tax_sales_general (sales taxes), tax_income (income tax), and tax_other (other taxes). And tax_income is itself the sum of tax_income_indiv (individual income tax) and tax_income_corp (corporate income tax) subcategories.

Variable Description

• year Year for these values
• city_name Name of the city, such as “AK: Anchorage”, where “AK” is the standard two-letter abbreviation for Alaska
• city_population Estimated city population, based on Census data
• county_name Name of the county the city is in
• county_population Estimated county population, based on Census data
• cpi Consumer Price Index for this year, scaled so that 2020 is 1.
• relationship_city_school Type of school district. 1: City-wide independent school district that serves the entire city. 2: County-wide independent school district that serves the entire county. 3: One or more independent school districts whose boundaries extend beyond the city. 4: School district run by or dependent on the city. 5: School district run by or dependent on the county.
• enrollment Estimated number of public school students living in the city.
• districts_in_city Estimated number of school districts in the city.
• consolidated_govt Whether the city has a consolidated city-county government (1 = yes, 0 = no). For example, Philadelphia’s city and county government are the same entity; they are not separate governments.
• id2_city 12-digit city identifier, from the Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances
• id2_county 12-digit county identifier
• city_types Two types: core and legacy. There are 150 core cities, “including the two largest cities in each state, plus all cities with populations of 150,000+ in 1980 and 200,000+ in 2010”. Legacy cities include “95 cities with population declines of at least 20 percent from their peak, poverty rates exceeding the national average, and a peak population of at least 50,000”. Some cities are both (denoted “core

The revenue and expenses variables are described in this detailed table. Further documentation is available on the FiSC Database website, linked in References below.

All monetary data is already adjusted for inflation, and is given in terms of 2020 US dollars per capita. The Consumer Price Index is provided for each year if you prefer to use numbers not adjusted for inflation, scaled so that 2020 is 1; simply divide each value by the CPI to get the value in that year’s nominal dollars. The total population is also provided if you want total values instead of per-capita values.

Questions

• Do some exploratory data analysis. Are there any outlying cities? Any interesting trends and rela...

This summary table shows, for Budget Receipts, the total amount of activity for the current month, the current fiscal year-to-date, the comparable prior period year-to-date and the budgeted amount estimated for the current fiscal year for various types of receipts (i.e. individual income tax, corporate income tax, etc.). The Budget Outlays section of the table shows the total amount of activity for the current month, the current fiscal year-to-date, the comparable prior period year-to-date and the budgeted amount estimated for the current fiscal year for functions of the federal government. The table also shows the amounts for the budget/surplus deficit categorized as listed above. This table includes total and subtotal rows that should be excluded when aggregating data. Some rows represent elements of the dataset's hierarchy, but are not assigned values. The classification_id for each of these elements can be used as the parent_id for underlying data elements to calculate their implied values. Subtotal rows are available to access this same information.

This dataset presents information on historical central government revenues for 31 countries in Europe and the Americas for the period from 1800 (or independence) to 2012. The countries included are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany (West Germany between 1949 and 1990), Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In other words, the dataset includes all South American, North American, and Western European countries with a population of more than one million, plus Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Mexico. The dataset contains information on the public finances of central governments. To make such information comparable cross-nationally the researchers chose to normalize nominal revenue figures in two ways: (i) as a share of the total budget, and (ii) as a share of total gross domestic product. The total tax revenue of the central state is disaggregated guided by the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides a classification of types of revenue, and describes in detail the contents of each classification category. Given the paucity of detailed historical data and the needs of our project, researchers combined some subcategories. First, they were interested in total tax revenue, as well as the shares of total revenue coming from direct and indirect taxes. Further, they measured two sub-categories of direct taxation, namely taxes on property and income. For indirect taxes, they separated excises, consumption, and customs.

Government spending in the United States was last recorded at 39.7 percent of GDP in 2024 . This dataset provides - United States Government Spending To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for National Totals of State and Local Tax Revenue: Total Taxes for the United States (QTAXTOTALQTAXCAT1USNO) from Q1 1992 to Q1 2025 about state & local, revenue, tax, government, and USA.

Government Revenues in Canada decreased to 44977 CAD Million in March from 51247 CAD Million in February of 2025. This dataset provides - Canada Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This dataset contains revenue category and revenue class summary level data for revenue actuals. The dollar amount field is rounded to millions. Data are from FY 2002 and updated once a year after annual revenue numbers are final. Usually, they are updated along with the first quarter financial plan between October and December each year.

This table shows the gross outlays, applicable receipts and net outlays for the current month, current fiscal year-to-date and prior fiscal year-to-date by various agency programs accounted for in the budget of the federal government. This table includes total and subtotal rows that should be excluded when aggregating data. Some rows represent elements of the dataset's hierarchy, but are not assigned values. The classification_id for each of these elements can be used as the parent_id for underlying data elements to calculate their implied values. Subtotal rows are available to access this same information.

Government Revenues in Brazil increased to 261265 BRL Million in December from 209218 BRL Million in November of 2024. This dataset provides - Brazil Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This table shows the receipts and outlays of the United States Government by month for the current fiscal year, up to and including the current accounting month. The table also shows the total receipts and outlays for the current fiscal year-to-date and the comparable prior fiscal year-to-date. This table includes total and subtotal rows that should be excluded when aggregating data. Some rows represent elements of the dataset's hierarchy, but are not assigned values. The classification_id for each of these elements can be used as the parent_id for underlying data elements to calculate their implied values. Subtotal rows are available to access this same information.

This table shows the gross receipts, refunds and net receipts for the current month, the current fiscal year-to-date and the prior fiscal year-to-date for the various receipts of the federal government. This table includes total and subtotal rows that should be excluded when aggregating data. Some rows represent elements of the dataset's hierarchy, but are not assigned values. The classification_id for each of these elements can be used as the parent_id for underlying data elements to calculate their implied values. Subtotal rows are available to access this same information.

Monthly state sales tax collections is an experimental dataset published by the U.S. Census Bureau. It provides data for collections from sales taxes including motor fuel taxes. Data reported for a specific month generally represent sales taxes collected on sales made during the prior month. Tax collections primarily rely on unaudited data collected from existing state reports or state data sources available from and posted on the Internet. Secondarily, states report the data via the Quarterly Survey of State and Local Tax Revenue. Data are updated monthly, but due to differing reporting cycles data for some states may lag.

This dataset contains revenue source level data for revenue actuals. Dataset is intended to match charts and tables in the "Tax Revenue" section of the Mayor`s Message publication. The amount is in millions of dollars. Data are from FY2001 and updated once a year.

This table contains 1144 series, with data for years 1989 - 31-MAR-09 not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2009-08-28. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (15 items: Canada;Newfoundland and Labrador;Nova Scotia;Prince Edward Island ...), Government sectors (2 items: Federal general government;Provincial and territorial general government ...), Revenue and expenditure (147 items: Total revenue;Own source revenue;Income taxes;Personal income taxes ...).

The GTED collects all publicly available data on tax expenditures (TEs) published by national governments worldwide from 1990 onwards, covering a total of 218 jurisdictions. Based on a step-by-step search process, 109 jurisdictions are currently classified as Non-reporting Jurisdictions. The remaining 109 ones do provide some type of TE data, which was gathered by the GTED team.

Wherever available, the GTED gathers revenue forgone estimates and number of beneficiaries of individual TE provisions. It also gathers metadata including the definition of the TE provision, its legal basis and duration.

Each record in the GTED is classified in four main categories: Tax Type, Policy Objective, Beneficiaries and Type of TE used. In some cases, second- or third-level categories have been introduced. For instance, Fuel Tax data is categorised at the third level within Tax Type: Taxes on Good and Services Excise Taxes Fuel Tax. If the information for a record is not available or unclear, the respective category is classified as Not stated/unclear.

When governments do not publish provision-level data but rather some kind of aggregated information, the GTED gathers this aggregate data. Likewise, if governments report on specific areas of TE only (such as tax incentives for investments, or TEs on income taxes) the GTED presents data on these areas alone. The terms TE reporting or TE report are used broadly, and refer to a large variety of public documents, ranging from annual, comprehensive reports on TEs that are part of governmental budget documentation to individual documents issued by a public body and providing some aggregate information on some specific TE mechanisms. As a minimum requirement, reports must contain some kind of information on the actual use of TE provisions. For instance, a list of available tax deductions for investments, provided by a governmental investment promotion agency, would not be considered a TE report unless they provide revenue forgone estimates or any other data that would allow users of the GTED to obtain information about the actual use of the respective TEs.

The GTED distinguishes regular and irregular reporting. A sequence of reports from 1995 to 2005 would not be considered regular reporting in the GTED, since the country had reported on a yearly basis, but not anymore. Likewise, regular is not necessarily related to annual reporting. Germany, for instance, publishes federal subsidy reports including TE data every two years since 1967. A total of 16 such reports have been issued since 1990, containing data on 29 budget years (until 2021). The GTED counts this as 31 years reported, because data is provided on a year-by-year basis and can be consulted and analysed as such.

The data is processed in a consistent format seeking to increase the level of longitudinal and cross-country comparability. Whereas revenue forgone estimates are provided as reported by governments (in local currency units, current prices), the GTED also provides figures converted into US dollars as well as indicators providing the revenue forgone through TE provisions as shares both of GDP and Tax Revenue – to compute these two indicators, data from the UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Dataset is used as input. The share of revenue forgone as a percentage of Tax Revenue is computed using figures of total tax revenue collected by countries' central governments. The share of revenue forgone as a percentage of Tax Revenue is computed using figures of total tax revenue collected by countries' central governments.

Besides all the effort put into ensuring comparability, cross-country analysis of TE data needs to be done cautiously. The main issue, which is inherent to TE data, regards benchmarking. TEs are defined as departures from – usually country-specific – normal tax structures or benchmarks. On this note, the GTED uses the data published by official governmental institutions, sticking to their own definitions of benchmarks, without trying to complement official figures or challenge what different countries consider as the standard tax system or the benchmark.

When it comes to the methodology used by governments to compute the fiscal cost of TE provisions, the vast majority of countries report on TEs based on the revenue forgone approach that estimates the amount by which taxpayers have their tax liabilities reduced as a result of a TE based on their actual current economic behaviour. Since the revenue forgone methodology is static, the potential interconnections between different TE provisions are not taken into account when computing the fiscal cost of TEs based on it. Hence, aggregating revenue forgone estimates of the individual provisions computed separately and without taking behavioural changes into account would not result in a figure that represents the total cost of all TEs.

While providing users of the database with the opportunity to draw comparisons across countries or country groups, we want to be clear that any such comparison should be mindful of different levels of reporting, differences in national benchmark systems and methodological shortcomings of revenue forgone estimations.

Country Income Groups and Regional Classifications are based on the latest World Bank classifications.

This dataset contains agency revenue data for Adopted, Modified and five years of Financial Plan by Revenue Class, Revenue Category and Revenue Source (Revenue Structure) or FPS Group name. The numbers within can be summarized to match pages from either the Supporting Schedule, Departmental Estimate or the Expense, Revenue, Contact Budget. This dataset is updated three times per year after publication of the Preliminary, Executive and Adopted Budget, usually in January, April and June respectively.

Key Table Information.Table Title.Revenue of Public Elementary-Secondary School Systems in the United States: Fiscal Year 2012 - 2023.Table ID.GOVSTIMESERIES.GS00SS12.Survey/Program.Public Sector.Year.2024.Dataset.PUB Public Sector Annual Surveys and Census of Governments.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, Public Sector.Release Date.2025-05-01.Release Schedule.The Annual Survey of School System Finances occurs every year. Data are typically released in early May. There are approximately two years between the reference period and data release..Dataset Universe.Census of Governments - Organization (CG):The universe of this file is all federal, state, and local government units in the United States. In addition to the federal government and the 50 state governments, the Census Bureau recognizes five basic types of local governments. The government types are: County, Municipal, Township, Special District, and School District. Of these five types, three are categorized as General Purpose governments: County, municipal, and township governments are readily recognized and generally present no serious problem of classification. However, legislative provisions for school district and special district governments are diverse. These two types are categorized as Special Purpose governments. Numerous single-function and multiple-function districts, authorities, commissions, boards, and other entities, which have varying degrees of autonomy, exist in the United States. The basic pattern of these entities varies widely from state to state. Moreover, various classes of local governments within a particular state also differ in their characteristics. Refer to the Individual State Descriptions report for an overview of all government entities authorized by state.The Public Use File provides a listing of all independent government units, and dependent school districts active as of fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. The Annual Surveys of Public Employment & Payroll (EP) and State and Local Government Finances (LF):The target population consists of all 50 state governments, the District of Columbia, and a sample of local governmental units (counties, cities, townships, special districts, school districts). In years ending in '2' and '7' the entire universe is canvassed. In intervening years, a sample of the target population is surveyed. Additional details on sampling are available in the survey methodology descriptions for those years.The Annual Survey of Public Pensions (PP):The target population consists of state- and locally-administered defined benefit funds and systems of all 50 state governments, the District of Columbia, and a sample of local governmental units (counties, cities, townships, special districts, school districts). In years ending in '2' and '7' the entire universe is canvassed. In intervening years, a sample of the target population is surveyed. Additional details on sampling are available in the survey methodology descriptions for those years.The Annual Surveys of State Government Finance (SG) and State Government Tax Collections (TC):The target population consists of all 50 state governments. No local governments are included. For the purpose of Census Bureau statistics, the term "state government" refers not only to the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of a given state, but it also includes agencies, institutions, commissions, and public authorities that operate separately or somewhat autonomously from the central state government but where the state government maintains administrative or fiscal control over their activities as defined by the Census Bureau. Additional details are available in the survey methodology description.The Annual Survey of School System Finances (SS):The Annual Survey of School System Finances targets all public school systems providing elementary and/or secondary education in all 50 states and the District of Columbia..Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Fall enrollmentTotal revenueTotal revenue from federal sourcesRevenue from federal sources - Distributed through the state - Title IRevenue from federal sources - Distributed through the state - Special EducationRevenue from federal sources - Distributed through the state - Child nutritionRevenue from federal sources - Distributed through the state - Other and nonspecifiedTotal revenue from state sourcesRevenue from state sources - General formula assistanceRevenue from state sources - Special educationRevenue from state sources - Transportation programsRevenue from state sources - Other and nonspecified state aidTotal revenue from local sourcesRevenue from local sources - Total taxesRevenue from local sources - Property taxesRevenue from local sources - Parent government contributionsRevenue from local sources - Revenue from cities and countiesRevenue from local sources - Revenue from other school systemsRevenue from local sources - Current chargesRevenue from local sources - Other local revenueDefinit...

Key Table Information.Table Title.Percentage Distribution of Revenue of Public Elementary-Secondary School Systems in the United States: Fiscal Year 2012- 2023.Table ID.GOVSTIMESERIES.GS00SS14.Survey/Program.Public Sector.Year.2024.Dataset.PUB Public Sector Annual Surveys and Census of Governments.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, Public Sector.Release Date.2025-05-01.Release Schedule.The Annual Survey of School System Finances occurs every year. Data are typically released in early May. There are approximately two years between the reference period and data release..Dataset Universe.Census of Governments - Organization (CG):The universe of this file is all federal, state, and local government units in the United States. In addition to the federal government and the 50 state governments, the Census Bureau recognizes five basic types of local governments. The government types are: County, Municipal, Township, Special District, and School District. Of these five types, three are categorized as General Purpose governments: County, municipal, and township governments are readily recognized and generally present no serious problem of classification. However, legislative provisions for school district and special district governments are diverse. These two types are categorized as Special Purpose governments. Numerous single-function and multiple-function districts, authorities, commissions, boards, and other entities, which have varying degrees of autonomy, exist in the United States. The basic pattern of these entities varies widely from state to state. Moreover, various classes of local governments within a particular state also differ in their characteristics. Refer to the Individual State Descriptions report for an overview of all government entities authorized by state.The Public Use File provides a listing of all independent government units, and dependent school districts active as of fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. The Annual Surveys of Public Employment & Payroll (EP) and State and Local Government Finances (LF):The target population consists of all 50 state governments, the District of Columbia, and a sample of local governmental units (counties, cities, townships, special districts, school districts). In years ending in '2' and '7' the entire universe is canvassed. In intervening years, a sample of the target population is surveyed. Additional details on sampling are available in the survey methodology descriptions for those years.The Annual Survey of Public Pensions (PP):The target population consists of state- and locally-administered defined benefit funds and systems of all 50 state governments, the District of Columbia, and a sample of local governmental units (counties, cities, townships, special districts, school districts). In years ending in '2' and '7' the entire universe is canvassed. In intervening years, a sample of the target population is surveyed. Additional details on sampling are available in the survey methodology descriptions for those years.The Annual Surveys of State Government Finance (SG) and State Government Tax Collections (TC):The target population consists of all 50 state governments. No local governments are included. For the purpose of Census Bureau statistics, the term "state government" refers not only to the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of a given state, but it also includes agencies, institutions, commissions, and public authorities that operate separately or somewhat autonomously from the central state government but where the state government maintains administrative or fiscal control over their activities as defined by the Census Bureau. Additional details are available in the survey methodology description.The Annual Survey of School System Finances (SS):The Annual Survey of School System Finances targets all public school systems providing elementary and/or secondary education in all 50 states and the District of Columbia..Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Fall enrollmentTotal percentage distribution of revenuePercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from federal sources - TotalPercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from federal sources - Title IPercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from state sources - TotalPercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from state sources - General formula assistancePercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from local sources - TotalPercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from local sources - Taxes and parent government contributionsPercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from local sources - Other local governmentsPercentage distribution of revenue - Revenue from local sources - Current chargesDefinitions can be found by clicking on the column header in the table or by accessing the Glossary.For detailed information, see Government Finance and Employment Classification Manual..Unit(s) of Observation.The basic reporting unit is the governmental unit, defined as an org...

This summary table shows the on-budget and off-budget receipts and outlays, the on-budget and off-budget surplus/deficit, and the means of financing the budget surplus/deficit. The table also shows the budgeted amounts estimated in the President's Budget for the current fiscal year and next fiscal year for each item on the table. This table includes total and subtotal rows that should be excluded when aggregating data. Some rows represent elements of the dataset's hierarchy, but are not assigned values. The classification_id for each of these elements can be used as the parent_id for underlying data elements to calculate their implied values. Subtotal rows are available to access this same information.