China recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 88.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - China Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China Foreign Debt: U.S. Dollar data was reported at 966.080 USD bn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,000.160 USD bn for Sep 2024. China Foreign Debt: U.S. Dollar data is updated quarterly, averaging 856.892 USD bn from Dec 2009 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,290.516 USD bn in Mar 2022 and a record low of 180.883 USD bn in Dec 2009. China Foreign Debt: U.S. Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Foreign Debt: Quarterly.

Holdings of US Treasury Securities data was reported at 784.300 USD bn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 760.802 USD bn for Jan 2025. Holdings of US Treasury Securities data is updated monthly, averaging 937.400 USD bn from Mar 2000 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 300 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,316.700 USD bn in Nov 2013 and a record low of 58.900 USD bn in Nov 2000. Holdings of US Treasury Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FF: Holdings of US Treasury Securities.

External Debt in China decreased to 24198 USD Hundred Million in 2024 from 24475 USD Hundred Million in 2023. This dataset provides - China External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield rose to 1.73% on July 24, 2025, marking a 0.03 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.09 points, though it remains 0.49 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

China Central Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 9,812,948.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,437,672.000 RMB mn for Dec 2012. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 9,625,310.000 RMB mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to Jun 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,812,948.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013 and a record low of 9,437,672.000 RMB mn in Dec 2012. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Financing Platform: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 4,075,554.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,137,738.122 RMB mn for Dec 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Financing Platform: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 3,606,646.061 RMB mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to Jun 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,075,554.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013 and a record low of 3,137,738.122 RMB mn in Dec 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Financing Platform: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

Table of Contents: AidData's Chinese Financing for Transition Minerals Dataset (CFTM), Version 1.0

Dataset & Documentation

Released January 29, 2025

Dataset Description

CFTM 1.0 captures China’s official sector grant and loan commitments between 2000 and 2021 for projects supporting upstream mining or midstream processing activities related to five focus transition minerals: Copper, cobalt, nickel, lithium, and rare earth elements. The dataset is the result of systematically searching for Chinese official sector financial commitments in 165 LICs and MICs (based off of AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0) and uncovers grant and loan records in 19 developing countries related to the focus transition minerals. It also provides details on the timing of project implementation over a 25-year period (2000-2024). The dataset features 4 different views to better enable analysis of the data. Each data view is described below.

Financial Contribution Level Data View

This data view is organized by financial contribution. Each row is assigned a unique AidData Record ID and captures one financial contribution from a single Chinese state-owned creditor or donor. Each creditor’s contribution to a loan commitment is captured in a separate row, even if it was part of a larger syndicated loan commitment (“loan event”). This data view is consistent with the way in which the 3.0 version of AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset (GCDF 3.0) is organized, although it includes several new variables and fields.

Loan Event Level Data View

This data view is organized by “loan event.” Each row is assigned a unique Loan Event ID and captures all creditors that participated in a single loan agreement—including Chinese state-owned creditors, Chinese private sector creditors, and non-Chinese creditors—and the overall size of their (syndicated) loan commitment. To ensure comprehensive coverage across the entire CFTM 1.0 dataset, the “loan event level” data view includes one grant record and two debt rescheduling records in addition to all the loan records. The loan event IDs for the grant and debt rescheduling records include a “G” or “DR” at the end of the ID, respectively. The “Flow Type” field assigns records to “Loan,” “Grant,” and “Debt Rescheduling” categories to enable users to filter the data according to their analytic needs.

Organization Role Data View

This data view provides a catalog of all organizations—including financiers, co-financiers, recipients, and implementers—involved in transition mineral projects supported by Chinese official financial commitments. It is particularly useful for applications that involve social network analysis of the CFTM 1.0 dataset. Each row records the identity of the involved organization, the corresponding loan event (where applicable), and the nature of the role that the organization played in the loan event or the project/activity supported by the loan event (where applicable). If an organization played more than one role in a given loan event, then there are multiple rows with one organizational role per row. In cases where the organization provided a financial commitment, the value of the transaction is recorded. This data includes Chinese official sector financiers and the Chinese private sector or non-Chinese creditors involved in syndicated lending arrangements alongside the Chinese official sector financiers.

Organization Ownership Data View

This data view identifies the fractional ownership (equity) stakes that organizations hold in transition mineral operations supported by official sector financial commitments from China. Each row captures a shareholder of the project company operating at each mining or processing site and their corresponding ownership (equity) stake in percentage terms, with a minimum threshold of a 1% ownership stake applied. Whenever the recorded financial flow is not allocable to a specific mining or processing site, then this data view represents the ownership of the mining/processing company that received the financial commitment or the mining/processing company in which an ownership stake was acquired. In cases where Chinese official finance was extended to a project company operating a specific mining or processing site, this data view represents the equity owners of the main borrowing entity.

License

This tab contains information about the open data license used for this dataset release.

Citation:

AidData's Chinese Financing for Transition Minerals, Version 1.0: Walsh, K., Zhang, S., Malik, A. A., Escobar, B., and Zimmerman, J. 2025. Tracking China’s Transition Mineral Financing: Methodology and Approach, Version 1.0. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary.

Acknowledgements:

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from th...

The United States recorded a trade deficit of 71.52 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 47,537,055.000 RMB mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,737,029.000 RMB mn for 2023. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated yearly, averaging 18,461,867.000 RMB mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2024, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47,537,055.000 RMB mn in 2024 and a record low of 6,710,951.000 RMB mn in 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

Explore Green Bond Issuances by Country, Sovereign Green Bond Issuances, Cumulative Green Bond Issuances, and more on this dataset webpage.

Green Bond Issuances by Country, Sovereign Green Bond Issuances, Cumulative Green Bond Issuances, Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency, Environment, Climate Change, Financial and Physical and Transition Risk Indicators, Green Bonds, Green Bond Issuances (All Countries), US Dollars, Green Bond Issuances by Type of Issuers, Green Bonds Issuances, Green Bonds, Environment, Climate Change, Financial and Physical and Transition Risk Indicators, Green Bonds, Green Bonds Issuances, All, International Organization, State owned entities, Banks, Nonfinancial corporations, Local and state Government, Other financial corporations, Sovereign, Access to Essential Services, Acquisition, Affordable Basic Infrastructure, Capital expenditure/Financing expenses, Carbon reduction through reforestation and avoided deforestation, E-education programs - Education Projects, Economic Development, Funding new technologies to reduce GHS emissions, General Purpose/Acquisition, Pollution Control, Production/Supply of Cannabis, Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources, Wind projects, Capital expenditure, Electric & Public Power, General Purpose/Working Capital, Green Construction/Buildings, Merger or Acquisition, Other, Project Finance, Refinance/Financing expenses, Repay Bank Loan or Bridge Financing, China Municipal Development, Employee stock ownership plan, Environmentally Sustainable Products, Equipment Upgrade/Construction, General Purpose, Industrial Development, Infrastructure, Land Preservation, Other Education, Other Public Service, Repay Intercompany Debt, Solar projects, Sustainable Management of Land Use, Sustainable Water or Wastewater management, The Belt and Road Initiative, Acquiring and distribution of vaccine, Alternative Energy, Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation, Clean Transport, Climate Change Adaptation, Environmental Protection Projects, Other Housing, Other Transportation, Pollution Prevention & Control, Redeem Existing Bonds or Securities, Water & Sewer, Working capital, Circular Economy Adapted/Eco-efficient Products, Production Technologies/Processes, Eligible Green Projects, Energy Efficiency, Financing of Subordinated Loan, Gas, General Purpose/Refinance, Property Expendit (acquisit/development), Renewable Energy Projects, Waste Management, Green bond, Sustainable finance



Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Vietnam

Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research..Important notesexcluding international organizations type of currency and type of issuers (nonfinancial corporations, other financial corporations, banks, state owned entities, sovereign, state and local governments and international organizations).

China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 18,386,152.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,799,700.000 RMB mn for Jun 2018. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 15,355,759.000 RMB mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,386,152.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018 and a record low of 6,710,951.000 RMB mn in Dec 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 20,698,865.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,065,859.000 RMB mn for Dec 2012. China Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 19,882,362.000 RMB mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to Jun 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20,698,865.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013 and a record low of 19,065,859.000 RMB mn in Dec 2012. China Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China External Debt: Buyback data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2014. China External Debt: Buyback data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2014, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2014. China External Debt: Buyback data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of its own debt, discounted or at par. In the event of a buyback of long-term debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in the long-term debt stock, and the cash amount received by creditors will be recorded as a principal repayment. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data was reported at 217,600.000 RMB mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 221,700.000 RMB mn for Sep 2024. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data is updated quarterly, averaging 54,750.000 RMB mn from Mar 2014 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 252,000.000 RMB mn in Sep 2022 and a record low of 17,400.000 RMB mn in Sep 2015. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: Central Government: Quarterly.

External Debt in Thailand increased to 195117.54 USD Million in the first quarter of 2025 from 191806.24 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Thailand External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The yield on China 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 1.87% on July 10, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.02 points, though it remains 0.64 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China 30Y.

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data was reported at 261,811.864 JPY mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 313,154.134 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data is updated yearly, averaging 266,590.627 JPY mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 313,154.134 JPY mn in 2022 and a record low of 179,935.472 JPY mn in 2017. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 19.973 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.762 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 12.578 USD bn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.181 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 6.542 USD bn in 2017. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.