The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 1.83% on December 2, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points, though it remains 0.16 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

External Debt in China decreased to 24198 USD Hundred Million in 2024 from 24475 USD Hundred Million in 2023. This dataset provides - China External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

U.S. Public Debt vs. GDP

Trends and Comparisons

By Charlie Hutcheson [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains quarterly data on the US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Total Public Debt from 1947 through 2020. It provides a comprehensive view into the development of debt versus GDP over the years, offering insights into how our economy has grown and changed since The Great Depression. Explore this valuable information to answer questions such as: How do debt and GDP relate to one another? Has US government spending been outpacing wealth throughout history? From what sources does our national debt originate? This dataset can be utilized by economists, governments, researchers, investors, financial institutions, journalists — anyone looking to gain a better understanding of where our economy stands today compared to past decades

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How to use the dataset

This dataset, U.S. GDP vs Debt Over Time, contains quarterly data on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Total Public Debt of the United States between 1947 to 2020. This can be useful for conducting research into how the total public debt relates to economic growth in the US.

The dataset includes 4 columns: Quarter , Gross Domestic Product ($mil), Total Public Debt ($mil). The Quarter column consists of strings that represent each quarter from 1947-2020 with a corresponding number (e.g., “Q1-1947”). The Gross Domestic Product ($mil) and Total Public Debt ($mil) columns consist of numbers that indicate the respective amounts in millions for each quarter during this same time period.

By analyzing this dataset you can explore various trends over different periods as it relates to public debt versus economic growth in America and make informed decisions about how certain policies may affect future outcomes. Additionally, you could also compare these two values with other variables such as unemployment rate or inflation rate to gain deeper insights into America’s economy over time

Research Ideas

• Comparing the quarterly growth in GDP with public debt to show the correlation between economic growth and government spending.
• Creating a bar or line visualization that compares the US’s total public debt to comparable economic powers like China, Japan, and Europe over time.
• Examining how changes in government deficit have contributed towards an increase in public debt by analyzing which quarters saw significant leaps of growth from one year to the next

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. - Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. - You must: - Give appropriate credit - Provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. - ShareAlike - You must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - Keep intact - all notices that refer to this license, including copyright notices.

Columns

File: US GDP vs Debt.csv | Column name | Description | |:----------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Quarter | The quarter of the year in which the data was collected. (String) | | Gross Domestic Product ($mil) | The total value of all goods and services produced by the US in a given quarter. (Integer) | | Total Public Debt ($mil) | The total amount owed by the federal government. (Integer) |

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. If you use this dataset in your research, please credit Charlie Hutcheson.

The yield on China 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 2.09% on November 17, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.15 points and is 0.22 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China 30Y.

The major foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities are typically countries and entities that invest heavily in U.S. government debt. As of the latest data, here are some of the top foreign holders:

Japan: Historically, Japan has been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities. China: China is another major holder, though its holdings have fluctuated due to various economic and political factors. United Kingdom: The UK is a significant investor in U.S. Treasuries, often ranked among the top holders. Ireland: Ireland holds a substantial amount of U.S. Treasury securities. Luxembourg: Luxembourg is also a notable holder of U.S. Treasuries. Switzerland: Swiss investments in U.S. Treasury securities are considerable. Brazil: Brazil is one of the largest holders in Latin America. Belgium: Belgium, often through its financial institutions, holds a significant amount. Taiwan: Taiwan's central bank and other financial institutions invest heavily in U.S. Treasuries. Hong Kong: Hong Kong maintains substantial holdings in U.S. Treasuries. These rankings can change frequently based on economic conditions, currency reserves, and geopolitical factors. For the most up-to-date information, refer to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" report.

China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data was reported at 217,600.000 RMB mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 221,700.000 RMB mn for Sep 2024. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data is updated quarterly, averaging 54,750.000 RMB mn from Mar 2014 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 252,000.000 RMB mn in Sep 2022 and a record low of 17,400.000 RMB mn in Sep 2015. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: Central Government: Quarterly.

Context

Historically, gold had been used as a form of currency in various parts of the world including the USA. In present times, precious metals like gold are held with central banks of all countries to guarantee re-payment of foreign debts, and also to control inflation which results in reflecting the financial strength of the country. Recently, emerging world economies, such as China, Russia, and India have been big buyers of gold, whereas the USA, SoUSA, South Africa, and Australia are among the big seller of gold.

Forecasting rise and fall in the daily gold rates can help investors to decide when to buy (or sell) the commodity. But Gold prices are dependent on many factors such as prices of other precious metals, prices of crude oil, stock exchange performance, Bonds prices, currency exchange rates, etc.

The challenge of this project is to accurately predict the future adjusted closing price of Gold ETF across a given period of time in the future. The problem is a regression problem, because the output value which is the adjusted closing price in this project is continuous value.

Content

Data for this study is collected from November 18th 2011 to January 1st 2019 from various sources. The data has 1718 rows in total and 80 columns in total. Data for attributes, such as Oil Price, Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 index, Dow Jones Index US Bond rates (10 years), Euro USD exchange rates, prices of precious metals Silver and Platinum and other metals such as Palladium and Rhodium, prices of US Dollar Index, Eldorado Gold Corporation and Gold Miners ETF were gathered.

The dataset has 1718 rows in total and 80 columns in total. Data for attributes, such as Oil Price, Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 index, Dow Jones Index US Bond rates (10 years), Euro USD exchange rates, prices of precious metals Silver and Platinum and other metals such as Palladium and Rhodium, prices of US Dollar Index, Eldorado Gold Corporation and Gold Miners ETF were gathered.

The historical data of Gold ETF fetched from Yahoo finance has 7 columns, Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Adjusted Close, and Volume, the difference between Adjusted Close and Close is that the closing price of a stock is the price of that stock at the close of the trading day. Whereas the adjusted closing price takes into account factors such as dividends, stock splits, and new stock offerings to determine a value. So, Adjusted Close is the outcome variable which is the value you have to predict.

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Acknowledgements

The data is collected from Yahoo finance.

Inspiration

Can you predict Gold prices accurately using traditional machine learning algorithms

China External Debt: Buyback data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2014. China External Debt: Buyback data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2014, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2014. China External Debt: Buyback data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of its own debt, discounted or at par. In the event of a buyback of long-term debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in the long-term debt stock, and the cash amount received by creditors will be recorded as a principal repayment. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 19.973 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.762 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 12.578 USD bn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.181 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 6.542 USD bn in 2017. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: China data was reported at 18,769,258.611 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 18,355,475.898 JPY mn for 2022. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: China data is updated yearly, averaging 13,628,934.419 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,769,258.611 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 12,445,817.000 JPY mn in 2014. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 5,088,302.058 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,996,321.581 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 3,576,140.842 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,088,302.058 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 2,681,986.300 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data was reported at 261,811.864 JPY mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 313,154.134 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data is updated yearly, averaging 266,590.627 JPY mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 313,154.134 JPY mn in 2022 and a record low of 179,935.472 JPY mn in 2017. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 0.315 USD mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.116 USD mn for 2022. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 0.254 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.116 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2013. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: China data was reported at 573.989 CZK mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 194.784 CZK mn for 2022. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: China data is updated yearly, averaging -9.688 CZK mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 573.989 CZK mn in 2023 and a record low of -741.973 CZK mn in 2017. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 24.793 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -6.799 USD mn for 2022. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging -11.179 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61.062 USD mn in 2019 and a record low of -64.167 USD mn in 2021. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 550.326 CZK mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -158.750 CZK mn for 2022. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging -242.918 CZK mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,400.230 CZK mn in 2019 and a record low of -1,461.553 CZK mn in 2015. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: China data was reported at 430.832 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 50.225 USD mn for 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: China data is updated yearly, averaging 291.860 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 758.360 USD mn in 2018 and a record low of 50.225 USD mn in 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 774.387 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 589.342 USD mn for 2022. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 2.265 USD bn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.715 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 589.342 USD mn in 2022. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data was reported at 30,211.305 CZK mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 30,211.305 CZK mn for 2022. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data is updated yearly, averaging 20,364.054 CZK mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,948.399 CZK mn in 2019 and a record low of 2,699.999 CZK mn in 2013. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 4.665 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.905 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 3.664 USD bn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.905 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 2.467 USD bn in 2014. Japan JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.