China recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 88.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - China Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China Foreign Debt: U.S. Dollar data was reported at 966.080 USD bn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,000.160 USD bn for Sep 2024. China Foreign Debt: U.S. Dollar data is updated quarterly, averaging 856.892 USD bn from Dec 2009 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,290.516 USD bn in Mar 2022 and a record low of 180.883 USD bn in Dec 2009. China Foreign Debt: U.S. Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Foreign Debt: Quarterly.

Holdings of US Treasury Securities data was reported at 784.300 USD bn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 760.802 USD bn for Jan 2025. Holdings of US Treasury Securities data is updated monthly, averaging 937.400 USD bn from Mar 2000 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 300 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,316.700 USD bn in Nov 2013 and a record low of 58.900 USD bn in Nov 2000. Holdings of US Treasury Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FF: Holdings of US Treasury Securities.

The COFI database includes power-generation projects in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries financed by Chinese corporations and banks that reached financial closure from 2000 to 2023. Types of financing include debt and equity investment, with the latter including greenfield foreign direct investments (FDI) and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). COFI is consolidated using nine source databases using both automated join method in R Studio, and manual joining by analysts. The database includes power plant characteristics data and investment detail data. It captures 575 power plants in 87 BRI countries, including 314 equity investment transactions and 341 debt investment transactions made by Chinese investors. Key data points for financial transactions in COFI include the financial instrument (equity or debt), investor name, amount, and financial close year. Key technical characteristics tracked for projects in COFI include name, installed capacity, commissioning year, country, and primary fuel type. This project is a collaboration among the Boston University Global Development Policy Center, the Inter-American Dialogue, the China-Africa Research Initiative at the Johns Hopkins University (CARI), and the World Resources Institute (WRI). The detailed methodology is given in the World Resources Institute publication “China Overseas Finance Inventory”. Cautions When analyzing debt investment amounts, users should be aware of the difference between loan commitment and actual disbursement. Our database records the loan commitment for a certain year and not actual disbursement. The investment amount should only provide a rough picture of where Chinese companies are investing and not how much their exact portion is. In this version of the database, all equity investment amounts are missing. This is because the equity amount is either missing or estimated in the source databases. Citation

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield rose to 1.66% on July 11, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0 points, though it remains 0.60 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

External Debt in China decreased to 24198 USD Hundred Million in 2024 from 24475 USD Hundred Million in 2023. This dataset provides - China External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Table of Contents: AidData's Chinese Financing for Transition Minerals Dataset (CFTM), Version 1.0

Dataset & Documentation

Released January 29, 2025

Dataset Description

CFTM 1.0 captures China’s official sector grant and loan commitments between 2000 and 2021 for projects supporting upstream mining or midstream processing activities related to five focus transition minerals: Copper, cobalt, nickel, lithium, and rare earth elements. The dataset is the result of systematically searching for Chinese official sector financial commitments in 165 LICs and MICs (based off of AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0) and uncovers grant and loan records in 19 developing countries related to the focus transition minerals. It also provides details on the timing of project implementation over a 25-year period (2000-2024). The dataset features 4 different views to better enable analysis of the data. Each data view is described below.

Financial Contribution Level Data View

This data view is organized by financial contribution. Each row is assigned a unique AidData Record ID and captures one financial contribution from a single Chinese state-owned creditor or donor. Each creditor’s contribution to a loan commitment is captured in a separate row, even if it was part of a larger syndicated loan commitment (“loan event”). This data view is consistent with the way in which the 3.0 version of AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset (GCDF 3.0) is organized, although it includes several new variables and fields.

Loan Event Level Data View

This data view is organized by “loan event.” Each row is assigned a unique Loan Event ID and captures all creditors that participated in a single loan agreement—including Chinese state-owned creditors, Chinese private sector creditors, and non-Chinese creditors—and the overall size of their (syndicated) loan commitment. To ensure comprehensive coverage across the entire CFTM 1.0 dataset, the “loan event level” data view includes one grant record and two debt rescheduling records in addition to all the loan records. The loan event IDs for the grant and debt rescheduling records include a “G” or “DR” at the end of the ID, respectively. The “Flow Type” field assigns records to “Loan,” “Grant,” and “Debt Rescheduling” categories to enable users to filter the data according to their analytic needs.

Organization Role Data View

This data view provides a catalog of all organizations—including financiers, co-financiers, recipients, and implementers—involved in transition mineral projects supported by Chinese official financial commitments. It is particularly useful for applications that involve social network analysis of the CFTM 1.0 dataset. Each row records the identity of the involved organization, the corresponding loan event (where applicable), and the nature of the role that the organization played in the loan event or the project/activity supported by the loan event (where applicable). If an organization played more than one role in a given loan event, then there are multiple rows with one organizational role per row. In cases where the organization provided a financial commitment, the value of the transaction is recorded. This data includes Chinese official sector financiers and the Chinese private sector or non-Chinese creditors involved in syndicated lending arrangements alongside the Chinese official sector financiers.

Organization Ownership Data View

This data view identifies the fractional ownership (equity) stakes that organizations hold in transition mineral operations supported by official sector financial commitments from China. Each row captures a shareholder of the project company operating at each mining or processing site and their corresponding ownership (equity) stake in percentage terms, with a minimum threshold of a 1% ownership stake applied. Whenever the recorded financial flow is not allocable to a specific mining or processing site, then this data view represents the ownership of the mining/processing company that received the financial commitment or the mining/processing company in which an ownership stake was acquired. In cases where Chinese official finance was extended to a project company operating a specific mining or processing site, this data view represents the equity owners of the main borrowing entity.

License

This tab contains information about the open data license used for this dataset release.

Citation:

AidData's Chinese Financing for Transition Minerals, Version 1.0: Walsh, K., Zhang, S., Malik, A. A., Escobar, B., and Zimmerman, J. 2025. Tracking China’s Transition Mineral Financing: Methodology and Approach, Version 1.0. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary.

Acknowledgements:

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from th...

China recorded a trade surplus of 103.22 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides - China Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Sri Lanka Ownership: Foreign Debt: Bilateral: China data was reported at 135,728.000 LKR mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 131,604.000 LKR mn for 2016. Sri Lanka Ownership: Foreign Debt: Bilateral: China data is updated yearly, averaging 3,373.000 LKR mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 135,728.000 LKR mn in 2017 and a record low of 689.000 LKR mn in 1996. Sri Lanka Ownership: Foreign Debt: Bilateral: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sri Lanka – Table LK.F015: Ownership of Outstanding Foreign Debt.

Explore Green Bond Issuances by Country, Sovereign Green Bond Issuances, Cumulative Green Bond Issuances, and more on this dataset webpage.

Green Bond Issuances by Country, Sovereign Green Bond Issuances, Cumulative Green Bond Issuances, Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency, Environment, Climate Change, Financial and Physical and Transition Risk Indicators, Green Bonds, Green Bond Issuances (All Countries), US Dollars, Green Bond Issuances by Type of Issuers, Green Bonds Issuances, Green Bonds, Environment, Climate Change, Financial and Physical and Transition Risk Indicators, Green Bonds, Green Bonds Issuances, All, International Organization, State owned entities, Banks, Nonfinancial corporations, Local and state Government, Other financial corporations, Sovereign, Access to Essential Services, Acquisition, Affordable Basic Infrastructure, Capital expenditure/Financing expenses, Carbon reduction through reforestation and avoided deforestation, E-education programs - Education Projects, Economic Development, Funding new technologies to reduce GHS emissions, General Purpose/Acquisition, Pollution Control, Production/Supply of Cannabis, Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources, Wind projects, Capital expenditure, Electric & Public Power, General Purpose/Working Capital, Green Construction/Buildings, Merger or Acquisition, Other, Project Finance, Refinance/Financing expenses, Repay Bank Loan or Bridge Financing, China Municipal Development, Employee stock ownership plan, Environmentally Sustainable Products, Equipment Upgrade/Construction, General Purpose, Industrial Development, Infrastructure, Land Preservation, Other Education, Other Public Service, Repay Intercompany Debt, Solar projects, Sustainable Management of Land Use, Sustainable Water or Wastewater management, The Belt and Road Initiative, Acquiring and distribution of vaccine, Alternative Energy, Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation, Clean Transport, Climate Change Adaptation, Environmental Protection Projects, Other Housing, Other Transportation, Pollution Prevention & Control, Redeem Existing Bonds or Securities, Water & Sewer, Working capital, Circular Economy Adapted/Eco-efficient Products, Production Technologies/Processes, Eligible Green Projects, Energy Efficiency, Financing of Subordinated Loan, Gas, General Purpose/Refinance, Property Expendit (acquisit/development), Renewable Energy Projects, Waste Management, Green bond, Sustainable finance



Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Vietnam

Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research..Important notesexcluding international organizations type of currency and type of issuers (nonfinancial corporations, other financial corporations, banks, state owned entities, sovereign, state and local governments and international organizations).

China Listed Company: Debt to Asset Ratio: Real Estate data was reported at 74.568 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 86.729 % for 2022. China Listed Company: Debt to Asset Ratio: Real Estate data is updated yearly, averaging 74.278 % from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2023, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 86.729 % in 2022 and a record low of 50.030 % in 2001. China Listed Company: Debt to Asset Ratio: Real Estate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Securities Regulatory Commission. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OZ: Financial Data of Listed Company: Debt to Asset Ratio.

The yield on China 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 1.87% on July 10, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.02 points, though it remains 0.64 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China 30Y.

China Foreign Debts: Qtr: Total data was reported at 2,419.835 USD bn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,516.921 USD bn for Sep 2024. China Foreign Debts: Qtr: Total data is updated quarterly, averaging 883.867 USD bn from Jun 2003 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 87 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,746.559 USD bn in Dec 2021 and a record low of 182.569 USD bn in Jun 2003. China Foreign Debts: Qtr: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.FA: Foreign Debt: Quarterly. From 2015 onwards, according to the IMF's SDDS to adjust the external debt statistics and published it in the full-caliber foreign debt data, full-caliber foreign debt data has been traced back to 2014.

The United States recorded a trade deficit of 71.52 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

China recorded a capital and financial account deficit of 1656 USD Hundred Million in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - China Capital Flows - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 5.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2023. This dataset provides - China Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China External Debt: Buyback data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2014. China External Debt: Buyback data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2014, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2014. China External Debt: Buyback data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of its own debt, discounted or at par. In the event of a buyback of long-term debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in the long-term debt stock, and the cash amount received by creditors will be recorded as a principal repayment. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

India recorded a trade deficit of 21.88 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - India Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

China External Debt: Interest Arrears: Long-Term data was reported at 0.080 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.078 USD mn for 2022. China External Debt: Interest Arrears: Long-Term data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1984 (Median) to 2023, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.087 USD mn in 2020 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2008. China External Debt: Interest Arrears: Long-Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.