The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 1.83% on December 2, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points, though it remains 0.16 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The major foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities are typically countries and entities that invest heavily in U.S. government debt. As of the latest data, here are some of the top foreign holders:

Japan: Historically, Japan has been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities. China: China is another major holder, though its holdings have fluctuated due to various economic and political factors. United Kingdom: The UK is a significant investor in U.S. Treasuries, often ranked among the top holders. Ireland: Ireland holds a substantial amount of U.S. Treasury securities. Luxembourg: Luxembourg is also a notable holder of U.S. Treasuries. Switzerland: Swiss investments in U.S. Treasury securities are considerable. Brazil: Brazil is one of the largest holders in Latin America. Belgium: Belgium, often through its financial institutions, holds a significant amount. Taiwan: Taiwan's central bank and other financial institutions invest heavily in U.S. Treasuries. Hong Kong: Hong Kong maintains substantial holdings in U.S. Treasuries. These rankings can change frequently based on economic conditions, currency reserves, and geopolitical factors. For the most up-to-date information, refer to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" report.

The yield on China 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 2.09% on November 17, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.15 points and is 0.22 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China 30Y.

U.S. Public Debt vs. GDP

Trends and Comparisons

By Charlie Hutcheson [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains quarterly data on the US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Total Public Debt from 1947 through 2020. It provides a comprehensive view into the development of debt versus GDP over the years, offering insights into how our economy has grown and changed since The Great Depression. Explore this valuable information to answer questions such as: How do debt and GDP relate to one another? Has US government spending been outpacing wealth throughout history? From what sources does our national debt originate? This dataset can be utilized by economists, governments, researchers, investors, financial institutions, journalists — anyone looking to gain a better understanding of where our economy stands today compared to past decades

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How to use the dataset

This dataset, U.S. GDP vs Debt Over Time, contains quarterly data on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Total Public Debt of the United States between 1947 to 2020. This can be useful for conducting research into how the total public debt relates to economic growth in the US.

The dataset includes 4 columns: Quarter , Gross Domestic Product ($mil), Total Public Debt ($mil). The Quarter column consists of strings that represent each quarter from 1947-2020 with a corresponding number (e.g., “Q1-1947”). The Gross Domestic Product ($mil) and Total Public Debt ($mil) columns consist of numbers that indicate the respective amounts in millions for each quarter during this same time period.

By analyzing this dataset you can explore various trends over different periods as it relates to public debt versus economic growth in America and make informed decisions about how certain policies may affect future outcomes. Additionally, you could also compare these two values with other variables such as unemployment rate or inflation rate to gain deeper insights into America’s economy over time

Research Ideas

• Comparing the quarterly growth in GDP with public debt to show the correlation between economic growth and government spending.
• Creating a bar or line visualization that compares the US’s total public debt to comparable economic powers like China, Japan, and Europe over time.
• Examining how changes in government deficit have contributed towards an increase in public debt by analyzing which quarters saw significant leaps of growth from one year to the next

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. - Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. - You must: - Give appropriate credit - Provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. - ShareAlike - You must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - Keep intact - all notices that refer to this license, including copyright notices.

Columns

File: US GDP vs Debt.csv | Column name | Description | |:----------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Quarter | The quarter of the year in which the data was collected. (String) | | Gross Domestic Product ($mil) | The total value of all goods and services produced by the US in a given quarter. (Integer) | | Total Public Debt ($mil) | The total amount owed by the federal government. (Integer) |

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. If you use this dataset in your research, please credit Charlie Hutcheson.

China Central Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 9,812,948.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,437,672.000 RMB mn for Dec 2012. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 9,625,310.000 RMB mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to Jun 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,812,948.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013 and a record low of 9,437,672.000 RMB mn in Dec 2012. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data was reported at 217,600.000 RMB mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 221,700.000 RMB mn for Sep 2024. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data is updated quarterly, averaging 54,750.000 RMB mn from Mar 2014 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 252,000.000 RMB mn in Sep 2022 and a record low of 17,400.000 RMB mn in Sep 2015. China Central Government Debt Outstanding: By Currency of Denomination: Foreign data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: Central Government: Quarterly.

China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 18,386,152.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,799,700.000 RMB mn for Jun 2018. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 15,355,759.000 RMB mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,386,152.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018 and a record low of 6,710,951.000 RMB mn in Dec 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

This study employs a CES production function to construct a theoretical model of labor income share and uses a two-way fixed effects model to test the causal effects of local government debt (LGD) on the labor income share of enterprises. Local government debt governance policies are utilized as exogenous shocks, and a DID (Difference-in-Differences) model is applied for endogeneity testing. The results have passed a series of robustness checks. The findings suggest that LGD decreases the share of firms’ labor income. The mechanism analysis suggests that LGD lowers the labor remuneration of residents, the employment of labor in enterprises, and the size of bank loans mainly; while raising the cost of using funds in enterprises. Moreover, this negative effect is more apparent in non-state-owned enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, and enterprises with high financing constraints. This study presents new evidence on how the labor income share of enterprises is affected from the perspective by local governments in China. It has important implications for further deepening local government debt governance and achieving common prosperity.

China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 47,537,055.000 RMB mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,737,029.000 RMB mn for 2023. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated yearly, averaging 18,461,867.000 RMB mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2024, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47,537,055.000 RMB mn in 2024 and a record low of 6,710,951.000 RMB mn in 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Financing Platform: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 3,137,738.122 RMB mn in 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Financing Platform: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated yearly, averaging 3,137,738.122 RMB mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2010, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,137,738.122 RMB mn in 2010 and a record low of 3,137,738.122 RMB mn in 2010. China Local Government Debt Outstanding: Financing Platform: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data was reported at 20,698,865.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,065,859.000 RMB mn for Dec 2012. China Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data is updated semiannually, averaging 19,882,362.000 RMB mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to Jun 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20,698,865.000 RMB mn in Jun 2013 and a record low of 19,065,859.000 RMB mn in Dec 2012. China Government Debt Outstanding: Have Repayment Obligation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Audit Office. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Debt: National Audit Office.

China Foreign Debt: Debt Service Ratio data was reported at 10.500 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.900 % for 2021. China Foreign Debt: Debt Service Ratio data is updated yearly, averaging 6.500 % from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.400 % in 1986 and a record low of 1.600 % in 2013. China Foreign Debt: Debt Service Ratio data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Foreign Debt.