The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

Effective Federal Funds Rate in the United States remained unchanged at 4.08 percent on Friday September 19. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Effective Federal Funds Rate.

The benchmark interest rate in Russia was last recorded at 17 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Russia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Mexico was last recorded at 7.50 percent. This dataset provides - Mexico Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Indonesia was last recorded at 4.75 percent. This dataset provides - Indonesia Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Brazil was last recorded at 15 percent. This dataset provides - Brazil Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in South Korea was last recorded at 2.50 percent. This dataset provides - South Korea Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 1.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Turkey was last recorded at 40.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This study attempts to explore the impact of external debt ($Debt), foreign reserves ($Reserves), and political stability & absence of violence/terrorism (PS&AVT) on the current financial crisis in Sri Lanka. Using data from 1996 to 2022 obtained from the World Bank (WB) and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), a regression analysis is conducted, with a composite variable named "CRISIS," which accounts for interest rate, inflation, currency devaluation adjusted to GDP growth, as the dependent variable. The findings indicate that, collectively, these predictors significantly contribute to explaining the variance in the financial crisis, although their impact is relatively minor. While the direct influence of PS&AVT on the financial crisis is not statistically significant, it indirectly affects the crisis through its considerable impact on debt and reserves. Granger causality tests showed predictive value for $Debt and $Reserve in relation to CRISIS, but the reverse relationship was not significant. Regression analysis using the error term and scatter plots supports the absence of endogeneity issues in the model. These findings suggest that while external debt and foreign reserves are more directly related to financial crises, political stability and the absence of violence/terrorism can influence the crisis indirectly through their effects on debt accumulation and reserve levels. This study represents a pioneering effort in investigating the impact of external debt, foreign reserves, and political stability on the financial crises in Sri Lanka. By utilizing a comprehensive dataset and applying a regression analysis, it sheds light on the complex interactions between these variables and their influence on the country’s financial stability.

The benchmark interest rate in Thailand was last recorded at 1.50 percent. This dataset provides - Thailand Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the currency reform and of the introduction of the German D-mark on 20th June 1948, the German Bundesbank – in its function as central bank and bank of issue of the Federal Republic of Germany – presented long series of monetary statistics in 1998. In approximately 1,400 data charts, extensive information about the development of the German finance and banking industry, the capital market, and the foreign trade relations are given. In total, approximately 25,000 time series about the following core subjects were collected: general overviews of banking statistics, bank of issue, credit institutions, minimum reserves, interest rates, statistics of exchange rates, capital market, public finances, foreign trade, macroeconomic capital finance accounts and annual accounts of West German companies. Factual classification of the tables in HISTAT: A. Selected data regarding the economic development A.1 Monetary development A.2 Population and labour market A.3 Macroeconomic production and demand A.4 Prices and wages A.5 Distribution of the national income and incomes of the private households B. Foreign trade (currently not completed in HISTAT; access to the subjects B2, B3, B4, B7 see below) B1. Foreign debts and liabilities of domestic companies B.2 Foreign debts and liabilities of the credit institutions B.3 Foreign cross ownerships of German companies B.4 Regional balances of payment B.5 State of assets compared to other countries B.6 Balance of payments B.7 Additional specifications regarding the balance of payments B.8 Foreign payments by the German Bundesbank Any data including a differentiation of countries (EU countries, other industrialised countries, some developing countries, countries of the off-shore finance centres, OPEC countries, reform countries) are currently only available by placing an order with the ZHSF Data Service (ordering address see below) C. General overviews of bank statistics C.1 Consolidated balance of the banking system, assets C.2 Consolidated balance of the banking system, liabilities C.3 Cash circulation C.4 Development of money supply in connection with the balance C.5 Money demand of the Central Bank D. Exchange rate statistics D.1 External value indeces D.2 Exchange rates at the Frankfurt stock exchange D.3 Values of the ECU D.4 Values of the extra educational law E. Macroeconomic capital finance account E1. Domestic financial sectors E2. Domestic non-financial sectors E3. Other countries F. Annual accounts of West German companies F.1 All German companies F.2 Building industry F.3 Clothing trade F.4 Chemical industry F.5 Retail industry (incl. automobile trade and service stations) F.6 Electrical engineering F.7 Power and water supply F.8 Food industry F.9 Glas industry, ceramics, processing of stones and earths F.10 Wholesale trade and trade negotiations F.11 Production of rubber and plastic goods F.12 Production of automobiles and automobile parts F.13 Production of metal goods F.14 Timber industry F.15 Engineering F.16 Medical, measurement, driving and control technology F.17 Metal production and metal working F.18 Paper industry F.19 Textile industry F.20 Manufacturing industry F.21 Transportation (without rail) F.22 Publishing and printing G. Capital market (currently not in HISTAT; access see below) G1. Shares of domestic issuers G2. General overviews G3. Exchange transactions, option and future business G4. Domestic capital investment companies G5. Bonds of foreign issuers G6. Bonds of domestic issuers H. Credit institutions (currently not in HISTAT; access see below) H1. Assets H2. Liabilities H3. Assets and liabilities of the foreign branches and foreign subsidiaries of domestic banks H4. Building associations H5. Deposit statistics H6. Deposits and loans H7. profit situation of the banks H8. domestic and foreign debts and liabilities H9. Circulating bearer bonds according to their terms and bank group H10. Loans H11. Savings deposits and savings certificates H12. Savings business turnover according to bank group and endorsed disposals of non-bank financial companies H13. equity stocks and shares I. Minimum reserves (currently not registered in HISTAT; access see below) I.1 Overview I.2 Itemisation according to steps of progression (from March 1977) I3. Itemisation according to reserve classes (until February 1977) I1.1 Reserve stockpiles according to bank group, obligatory reserve liabilities I1.2. Reserve stockpiles according to bank group, Reserve debits I.2 Reserve ratios J. Central bank (currently not registered in HISTAT; access see below) J.1 Assets J.2 Liabilities K. Public finances K.1 Financial development of the public budgeting K1. Public debts L. Interest rates L.1 Money market rates L1. Bank interest rates (currently not registered in HISTAT; access see below).

The benchmark interest rate in India was last recorded at 5.50 percent. This dataset provides - India Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Pakistan was last recorded at 11 percent. This dataset provides - Pakistan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Switzerland was last recorded at 0 percent. This dataset provides - Switzerland Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Poland was last recorded at 4.75 percent. This dataset provides - Poland Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Romania was last recorded at 6.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Romania Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.