GENERAL INFORMATION

Title of Dataset: A dataset from a survey investigating disciplinary differences in data citation

Date of data collection: January to March 2022

Collection instrument: SurveyMonkey

Funding: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION

Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: These data are available under a CC BY 4.0 license

Links to publications that cite or use the data:

Gregory, K., Ninkov, A., Ripp, C., Peters, I., & Haustein, S. (2022). Surveying practices of data citation and reuse across disciplines. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators. International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators, Granada, Spain. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6951437

Gregory, K., Ninkov, A., Ripp, C., Roblin, E., Peters, I., & Haustein, S. (2023). Tracing data:
A survey investigating disciplinary differences in data citation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555266

DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

File List

• Filename: MDCDatacitationReuse2021Codebook.pdf
  Codebook
• Filename: MDCDataCitationReuse2021surveydata.csv
  Dataset format in csv
• Filename: MDCDataCitationReuse2021surveydata.sav
  Dataset format in SPSS
• Filename: MDCDataCitationReuseSurvey2021QNR.pdf
  Questionnaire

Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: Open ended questions asked to respondents

METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Description of methods used for collection/generation of data:

The development of the questionnaire (Gregory et al., 2022) was centered around the creation of two main branches of questions for the primary groups of interest in our study: researchers that reuse data (33 questions in total) and researchers that do not reuse data (16 questions in total). The population of interest for this survey consists of researchers from all disciplines and countries, sampled from the corresponding authors of papers indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) between 2016 and 2020.

Received 3,632 responses, 2,509 of which were completed, representing a completion rate of 68.6%. Incomplete responses were excluded from the dataset. The final total contains 2,492 complete responses and an uncorrected response rate of 1.57%. Controlling for invalid emails, bounced emails and opt-outs (n=5,201) produced a response rate of 1.62%, similar to surveys using comparable recruitment methods (Gregory et al., 2020).

Methods for processing the data:

Results were downloaded from SurveyMonkey in CSV format and were prepared for analysis using Excel and SPSS by recoding ordinal and multiple choice questions and by removing missing values.

Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data:

The dataset is provided in SPSS format, which requires IBM SPSS Statistics. The dataset is also available in a coded format in CSV. The Codebook is required to interpret to values.

DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: MDCDataCitationReuse2021surveydata

Number of variables: 94

Number of cases/rows: 2,492

Missing data codes: 999 Not asked

Refer to MDCDatacitationReuse2021Codebook.pdf for detailed variable information.

The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS.

Analysis SPSS files used in the paper to analyze the experiment results. The tests we executed in the paper are as follows, in the SPSS syntax:** PreQuestionnaire.sav, leading to Table 2T-TEST GROUPS=form(1 2) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=grade USLEC UCLEC /CRITERIA=CI(.95).NPAR TESTS /M-W= CDFAM UCFAM USFAM UCHW USHW CDHW BY form(1 2) /MISSING ANALYSIS.** Anova.sav, leading to the decision of analyzing the two case studies independentlyGLM EntRec EntPre RelRec RelPre TotRec TotPre AdjRelRec AdjRelPre AdjTotRec AdjTotPre BY Domain Form /METHOD=SSTYPE(3) /INTERCEPT=INCLUDE /POSTHOC=Domain Form(TUKEY) /PLOT=PROFILE(Domain*Form) TYPE=LINE ERRORBAR=NO MEANREFERENCE=NO YAXIS=AUTO /PRINT=DESCRIPTIVE ETASQ /CRITERIA=ALPHA(.05) /DESIGN= Domain Form Domain*Form.** DH.sav, leading to Table 3T-TEST GROUPS=Form(1 2) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=EntRec EntPre RelRec RelPre TotRec TotPre AdjRelRec AdjRelPre AdjTotRec AdjTotPre /CRITERIA=CI(.95).** PH.sav, leading to Table 4T-TEST GROUPS=Form(1 2) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=EntRec EntPre RelRec RelPre TotRec TotPre AdjRelRec AdjRelPre AdjTotRec AdjTotPre /CRITERIA=CI(.95).** Preferences.sav, leading to Table 5 and Table 6NPAR TESTS /M-W= UCCM USCM UCCDID USCDID UCRID USRID USSTRUCT UCSTRUCT UCOVER USOVER UCREQ USREQ BY Form(1 2) /MISSING ANALYSIS.EXAMINE VARIABLES=UCCM USCM UCCDID USCDID UCRID USRID USSTRUCT UCSTRUCT UCOVER USOVER UCREQ USREQ BY Form /PLOT HISTOGRAM NPPLOT /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES /CINTERVAL 95 /MISSING LISTWISE /NOTOTAL.NPAR TESTS /M-W= UCCM USCM UCCDID USCDID UCRID USRID USSTRUCT UCSTRUCT UCOVER USOVER UCREQ USREQ BY Form(1 2) /STATISTICS=DESCRIPTIVES /MISSING ANALYSIS.GLM EntRec EntPre RelRec RelPre TotRec TotPre AdjRelRec AdjRelPre AdjTotRec AdjTotPre BY Domain Form /METHOD=SSTYPE(3) /INTERCEPT=INCLUDE /POSTHOC=Domain Form(TUKEY) /PLOT=PROFILE(Domain*Form) TYPE=LINE ERRORBAR=NO MEANREFERENCE=NO YAXIS=AUTO /PRINT=DESCRIPTIVE ETASQ /CRITERIA=ALPHA(.05) /DESIGN= Domain Form Domain*Form.

This publication provides all the information required to understand the PISA 2003 educational performance database and perform analyses in accordance with the complex methodologies used to collect and process the data. It enables researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. The publication includes introductory chapters explaining the statistical theories and concepts required to analyse the PISA data, including full chapters on how to apply replicate weights and undertake analyses using plausible values; worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®; and a comprehensive description of the OECD PISA 2003 international database. The PISA 2003 database includes micro-level data on student educational performance for 41 countries collected in 2003, together with students’ responses to the PISA 2003 questionnaires and the test questions. A similar manual is available for SAS users.

Producing a table that is not only yummy, but easy to digest! We'll review a few SPSS basics and talk about table interpretation, with a statistical test thrown in for fun. (Note: Data associated with this presentation is available on the DLI FTP site under folder 1873-219.)

Abstract

The harmonized data set on health, created and published by the ERF, is a subset of Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES) 2012. It was derived from the household, individual and health modules, collected in the context of the above mentioned survey. The sample was then used to create a harmonized health survey, comparable with the Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES) 2007 micro data set.

----> Overview of the Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES) 2012:

Iraq is considered a leader in household expenditure and income surveys where the first was conducted in 1946 followed by surveys in 1954 and 1961. After the establishment of Central Statistical Organization, household expenditure and income surveys were carried out every 3-5 years in (1971/ 1972, 1976, 1979, 1984/ 1985, 1988, 1993, 2002 / 2007). Implementing the cooperation between CSO and WB, Central Statistical Organization (CSO) and Kurdistan Region Statistics Office (KRSO) launched fieldwork on IHSES on 1/1/2012. The survey was carried out over a full year covering all governorates including those in Kurdistan Region.

The survey has six main objectives. These objectives are:

1. Provide data for poverty analysis and measurement and monitor, evaluate and update the implementation Poverty Reduction National Strategy issued in 2009.
2. Provide comprehensive data system to assess household social and economic conditions and prepare the indicators related to the human development.
3. Provide data that meet the needs and requirements of national accounts.
4. Provide detailed indicators on consumption expenditure that serve making decision related to production, consumption, export and import.
5. Provide detailed indicators on the sources of households and individuals income.
6. Provide data necessary for formulation of a new consumer price index number.

The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Office were then harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, to create a comparable version with the 2006/2007 Household Socio Economic Survey in Iraq. Harmonization at this stage only included unifying variables' names, labels and some definitions. See: Iraq 2007 & 2012- Variables Mapping & Availability Matrix.pdf provided in the external resources for further information on the mapping of the original variables on the harmonized ones, in addition to more indications on the variables' availability in both survey years and relevant comments.

Geographic coverage

National coverage: Covering a sample of urban, rural and metropolitan areas in all the governorates including those in Kurdistan Region.

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The survey was carried out over a full year covering all governorates including those in Kurdistan Region.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

----> Design:

Sample size was (25488) household for the whole Iraq, 216 households for each district of 118 districts, 2832 clusters each of which includes 9 households distributed on districts and governorates for rural and urban.

----> Sample frame:

Listing and numbering results of 2009-2010 Population and Housing Survey were adopted in all the governorates including Kurdistan Region as a frame to select households, the sample was selected in two stages: Stage 1: Primary sampling unit (blocks) within each stratum (district) for urban and rural were systematically selected with probability proportional to size to reach 2832 units (cluster). Stage two: 9 households from each primary sampling unit were selected to create a cluster, thus the sample size of total survey clusters was 25488 households distributed on the governorates, 216 households in each district.

----> Sampling Stages:

In each district, the sample was selected in two stages: Stage 1: based on 2010 listing and numbering frame 24 sample points were selected within each stratum through systematic sampling with probability proportional to size, in addition to the implicit breakdown urban and rural and geographic breakdown (sub-district, quarter, street, county, village and block). Stage 2: Using households as secondary sampling units, 9 households were selected from each sample point using systematic equal probability sampling. Sampling frames of each stages can be developed based on 2010 building listing and numbering without updating household lists. In some small districts, random selection processes of primary sampling may lead to select less than 24 units therefore a sampling unit is selected more than once , the selection may reach two cluster or more from the same enumeration unit when it is necessary.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

----> Preparation:

The questionnaire of 2006 survey was adopted in designing the questionnaire of 2012 survey on which many revisions were made. Two rounds of pre-test were carried out. Revision were made based on the feedback of field work team, World Bank consultants and others, other revisions were made before final version was implemented in a pilot survey in September 2011. After the pilot survey implemented, other revisions were made in based on the challenges and feedbacks emerged during the implementation to implement the final version in the actual survey.

----> Questionnaire Parts:

The questionnaire consists of four parts each with several sections: Part 1: Socio – Economic Data: - Section 1: Household Roster - Section 2: Emigration - Section 3: Food Rations - Section 4: housing - Section 5: education - Section 6: health - Section 7: Physical measurements - Section 8: job seeking and previous job

Part 2: Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Expenditures: - Section 9: Expenditures on Non – Food Commodities and Services (past 30 days). - Section 10 : Expenditures on Non – Food Commodities and Services (past 90 days). - Section 11: Expenditures on Non – Food Commodities and Services (past 12 months). - Section 12: Expenditures on Non-food Frequent Food Stuff and Commodities (7 days). - Section 12, Table 1: Meals Had Within the Residential Unit. - Section 12, table 2: Number of Persons Participate in the Meals within Household Expenditure Other Than its Members.

Part 3: Income and Other Data: - Section 13: Job - Section 14: paid jobs - Section 15: Agriculture, forestry and fishing - Section 16: Household non – agricultural projects - Section 17: Income from ownership and transfers - Section 18: Durable goods - Section 19: Loans, advances and subsidies - Section 20: Shocks and strategy of dealing in the households - Section 21: Time use - Section 22: Justice - Section 23: Satisfaction in life - Section 24: Food consumption during past 7 days

Part 4: Diary of Daily Expenditures: Diary of expenditure is an essential component of this survey. It is left at the household to record all the daily purchases such as expenditures on food and frequent non-food items such as gasoline, newspapers…etc. during 7 days. Two pages were allocated for recording the expenditures of each day, thus the roster will be consists of 14 pages.

Cleaning operations

----> Raw Data:

Data Editing and Processing: To ensure accuracy and consistency, the data were edited at the following stages: 1. Interviewer: Checks all answers on the household questionnaire, confirming that they are clear and correct. 2. Local Supervisor: Checks to make sure that questions has been correctly completed. 3. Statistical analysis: After exporting data files from excel to SPSS, the Statistical Analysis Unit uses program commands to identify irregular or non-logical values in addition to auditing some variables. 4. World Bank consultants in coordination with the CSO data management team: the World Bank technical consultants use additional programs in SPSS and STAT to examine and correct remaining inconsistencies within the data files. The software detects errors by analyzing questionnaire items according to the expected parameter for each variable.

----> Harmonized Data:

• The SPSS package is used to harmonize the Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES) 2007 with Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES) 2012.
• The harmonization process starts with raw data files received from the Statistical Office.
• A program is generated for each dataset to create harmonized variables.
• Data is saved on the household and individual level, in SPSS and then converted to STATA, to be disseminated.

Response rate

Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES) reached a total of 25488 households. Number of households refused to response was 305, response rate was 98.6%. The highest interview rates were in Ninevah and Muthanna (100%) while the lowest rates were in Sulaimaniya (92%).

Part 1 of the course will offer an introduction to SPSS and teach how to work with data saved in SPSS format. Part 2 will demonstrate how to work with SPSS syntax, how to create your own SPSS data files, and how to convert data in other formats to SPSS. Part 3 will teach how to append and merge SPSS files, demonstrate basic analytical procedures, and show how to work with SPSS graphics.

The survey dataset for identifying Shiraz old silo’s new use which includes four components: 1. The survey instrument used to collect the data “SurveyInstrument_table.pdf”. The survey instrument contains 18 main closed-ended questions in a table format. Two of these, concern information on Silo’s decision-makers and proposed new use followed up after a short introduction of the questionnaire, and others 16 (each can identify 3 variables) are related to the level of appropriate opinions for ideal intervention in Façade, Openings, Materials and Floor heights of the building in four values: Feasibility, Reversibility, Compatibility and Social Benefits. 2. The raw survey data “SurveyData.rar”. This file contains an Excel.xlsx and a SPSS.sav file. The survey data file contains 50 variables (12 for each of the four values separated by colour) and data from each of the 632 respondents. Answering each question in the survey was mandatory, therefor there are no blanks or non-responses in the dataset. In the .sav file, all variables were assigned with numeric type and nominal measurement level. More details about each variable can be found in the Variable View tab of this file. Additional variables were created by grouping or consolidating categories within each survey question for simpler analysis. These variables are listed in the last columns of the .xlsx file. 3. The analysed survey data “AnalysedData.rar”. This file contains 6 “SPSS Statistics Output Documents” which demonstrate statistical tests and analysis such as mean, correlation, automatic linear regression, reliability, frequencies, and descriptives. 4. The codebook “Codebook.rar”. The detailed SPSS “Codebook.pdf” alongside the simplified codebook as “VariableInformation_table.pdf” provides a comprehensive guide to all 50 variables in the survey data, including numerical codes for survey questions and response options. They serve as valuable resources for understanding the dataset, presenting dictionary information, and providing descriptive statistics, such as counts and percentages for categorical variables.

This workshop takes you on a quick tour of Stata, SPSS, and SAS. It examines a data file using each package. Is one more user friendly than the others? Are there significant differences in the codebooks created? This workshop also looks at creating a frequency and cross-tabulation table in each. Which output screen is easiest to read and interpret? The goal of this workshop is to give you an overview of these products and provide you with the information you need to determine whick package fits the requirements of you and your user.

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BackgroundCurrently, the biggest issue facing the entire world is mental health. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, nearly one-fourth of the community is experiencing any of the mental illness categories. Most of the cases were treated in religious and traditional institutions, which the community most liked to be treated. However, there were very limited studies conducted to show the level of mental health literacy among traditional healers.AimsThe study aimed to assess the level of mental health literacy and its associated factors among traditional healers toward mental illness found in Northeast, Ethiopia from September 1-30/2022.MethodA mixed approach cross-sectional study design was carried out on September 130, 2022, using simple random sampling with a total sample of 343. Pretested, structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were utilized for data collection. The level of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) was assessed using the 35 mental health literacy (35-MHLQ) scale. The semi-structured checklist was used for the in-depth interview and the FGD for the qualitative part. Data was entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was analyzed with bivariate and multivariable linear regression. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, and the findings were then referenced with the findings of the quantitative data.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that the sample of traditional healers found in Dessie City scored a total mean of mental health literacy of 91.81 ± 10:53. Age (β = -0.215, 95% CI (-0.233, -0.05), p = 0.003, informal educational status (β = -5.378, 95% CI (-6.505, -0.350), p = 0.029, presence of relative with a mental disorder (β = 6.030, 95% CI (0.073, 7.428),p = 0.046, getting information on mental illness (β = 6.565, 95% CI (3.432, 8.680), p =

Previous research has demonstrated a positive link between job characteristics, such as social support, feedback, and autonomy, and employee productivity and creativity. However, the dynamics of these relationships in non-traditional work environments, like remote work, are less understood. With the significant rise in individuals working from home following the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding these dynamics has become crucial for organisations. This study investigated how social support, feedback, and autonomy influence productivity and creativity among remote workers. We hypothesised that higher levels of these job characteristics would lead to enhanced task performance, contextual performance and creativity and reduced counterproductive work behaviours. It used a survey methodology to collect data via an online questionnaire, which utilised pre-existing measures. The study sample comprised 115 participants. Multiple regression analyses revealed mixed findings. Concerning task and contextual performance, while autonomy did predict these variables, social support and feedback did not. However, regarding counterproductive work behaviour and creativity, none of the job characteristics were significant predictors. These results highlight the unique challenges of remote work and suggest that the factors influencing productivity and creativity in traditional settings may not directly translate to remote environments. The study discusses these findings in light of methodological considerations and suggestions for future research.

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is SPSS for introductory statistics : use and interpretation. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

Vince Gray delivered an introduction to the basic parts of a SPSS syntax file to read in data, in addition to presenting tips and tricks for preparing syntax files, cleaning up blatant problems with the data, and held a short exercise in coding a SPSS syntax file.

L’atelier décrit la procédure de manipulation de fichiers de microdonnées avec le logiciel SPSS. On présente également les particularités dont il faut tenir compte lorsqu’on veut ouvrir un fichier ou une extraction de données créé par Statistique Canada.Pour la traduction anglaise de l'Introduction à SPSS, veuillez consulter "Interpreting Quantitative Data with SPSS" par R. Antonius (London: SAGE, 2003)

analyze the current population survey (cps) annual social and economic supplement (asec) with r the annual march cps-asec has been supplying the statistics for the census bureau's report on income, poverty, and health insurance coverage since 1948. wow. the us census bureau and the bureau of labor statistics ( bls) tag-team on this one. until the american community survey (acs) hit the scene in the early aughts (2000s), the current population survey had the largest sample size of all the annual general demographic data sets outside of the decennial census - about two hundred thousand respondents. this provides enough sample to conduct state- and a few large metro area-level analyses. your sample size will vanish if you start investigating subgroups b y state - consider pooling multiple years. county-level is a no-no. despite the american community survey's larger size, the cps-asec contains many more variables related to employment, sources of income, and insurance - and can be trended back to harry truman's presidency. aside from questions specifically asked about an annual experience (like income), many of the questions in this march data set should be t reated as point-in-time statistics. cps-asec generalizes to the united states non-institutional, non-active duty military population. the national bureau of economic research (nber) provides sas, spss, and stata importation scripts to create a rectangular file (rectangular data means only person-level records; household- and family-level information gets attached to each person). to import these files into r, the parse.SAScii function uses nber's sas code to determine how to import the fixed-width file, then RSQLite to put everything into a schnazzy database. you can try reading through the nber march 2012 sas importation code yourself, but it's a bit of a proc freak show. this new github repository contains three scripts: 2005-2012 asec - download all microdata.R down load the fixed-width file containing household, family, and person records import by separating this file into three tables, then merge 'em together at the person-level download the fixed-width file containing the person-level replicate weights merge the rectangular person-level file with the replicate weights, then store it in a sql database create a new variable - one - in the data table 2012 asec - analysis examples.R connect to the sql database created by the 'download all microdata' progr am create the complex sample survey object, using the replicate weights perform a boatload of analysis examples replicate census estimates - 2011.R connect to the sql database created by the 'download all microdata' program create the complex sample survey object, using the replicate weights match the sas output shown in the png file below 2011 asec replicate weight sas output.png statistic and standard error generated from the replicate-weighted example sas script contained in this census-provided person replicate weights usage instructions document. click here to view these three scripts for more detail about the current population survey - annual social and economic supplement (cps-asec), visit: the census bureau's current population survey page the bureau of labor statistics' current population survey page the current population survey's wikipedia article notes: interviews are conducted in march about experiences during the previous year. the file labeled 2012 includes information (income, work experience, health insurance) pertaining to 2011. when you use the current populat ion survey to talk about america, subract a year from the data file name. as of the 2010 file (the interview focusing on america during 2009), the cps-asec contains exciting new medical out-of-pocket spending variables most useful for supplemental (medical spending-adjusted) poverty research. confidential to sas, spss, stata, sudaan users: why are you still rubbing two sticks together after we've invented the butane lighter? time to transition to r. :D

Database of the nation''s substance abuse and mental health research data providing public use data files, file documentation, and access to restricted-use data files to support a better understanding of this critical area of public health. The goal is to increase the use of the data to most accurately understand and assess substance abuse and mental health problems and the impact of related treatment systems. The data include the U.S. general and special populations, annual series, and designs that produce nationally representative estimates. Some of the data acquired and archived have never before been publicly distributed. Each collection includes survey instruments (when provided), a bibliography of related literature, and related Web site links. All data may be downloaded free of charge in SPSS, SAS, STATA, and ASCII formats and most studies are available for use with the online data analysis system. This system allows users to conduct analyses ranging from cross-tabulation to regression without downloading data or relying on other software. Another feature, Quick Tables, provides the ability to select variables from drop down menus to produce cross-tabulations and graphs that may be customized and cut and pasted into documents. Documentation files, such as codebooks and questionnaires, can be downloaded and viewed online.

Context The World Happiness Report is a landmark survey of the state of global happiness. The first report was published in 2012, the second in 2013, the third in 2015, and the fourth in the 2016 Update. The World Happiness 2017, which ranks 155 countries by their happiness levels, was released at the United Nations at an event celebrating International Day of Happiness on March 20th. The report continues to gain global recognition as governments, organizations and civil society increasingly use happiness indicators to inform their policy-making decisions. Leading experts across fields – economics, psychology, survey analysis, national statistics, health, public policy and more – describe how measurements of well-being can be used effectively to assess the progress of nations. The reports review the state of happiness in the world today and show how the new science of happiness explains personal and national variations in happiness.

Content The happiness scores and rankings use data from the Gallup World Poll. The scores are based on answers to the main life evaluation question asked in the poll. This question, known as the Cantril ladder, asks respondents to think of a ladder with the best possible life for them being a 10 and the worst possible life being a 0 and to rate their own current lives on that scale. The scores are from nationally representative samples for the years 2013-2016 and use the Gallup weights to make the estimates representative. The columns following the happiness score estimate the extent to which each of six factors – economic production, social support, life expectancy, freedom, absence of corruption, and generosity – contribute to making life evaluations higher in each country than they are in Dystopia, a hypothetical country that has values equal to the world’s lowest national averages for each of the six factors. They have no impact on the total score reported for each country, but they do explain why some countries rank higher than others.

Indicators/Factors Explain: 1. Rank, is the country ranking 2. Score, is the happiness score of the country 3. GDP, is the gross domestic product of the country 4. Family, is the indicator that shows family support to each citizen in the country 5. Life Expectancy, shows the healthiness level of the country 6. Freedom, is an indicator that shows the citizen freedom to choose their life path, job or etc 7. Trust, shows the level of trust from the citizen in the government (influenced by the corruption level and performance of the government) 8. Generosity, an indicator that shows the generosity level of the citizen of the country

Source: The World Happiness Report is a publication of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, powered by the Gallup World Poll data.

The biostatistics software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of data-driven approaches in pharmaceutical research, clinical trials, and academic studies. The market, valued at approximately $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising volume of complex biological data necessitates sophisticated software solutions for analysis and interpretation. Secondly, advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence are enhancing the capabilities of biostatistics software, enabling more accurate and efficient data processing. Thirdly, regulatory pressures demanding robust data analysis in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors are boosting demand for validated and compliant biostatistics tools. The market is segmented by software type (general-purpose versus specialized) and end-user (pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and others). Pharmaceutical companies represent a significant portion of the market due to their extensive reliance on clinical trial data analysis. However, the academic and research segments are also exhibiting strong growth due to increased research activities and funding. Geographically, North America and Europe currently dominate the market, but Asia-Pacific is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to increasing healthcare spending and technological advancements in the region. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players offering comprehensive suites and specialized niche vendors. While leading players like IBM SPSS Statistics and Minitab enjoy significant market share based on their brand recognition and established user bases, smaller companies specializing in specific statistical methods or user interfaces are gaining traction by catering to niche demands. This competitive dynamic will likely drive innovation and further segmentation within the market, resulting in specialized software offerings tailored to particular research areas and user requirements. The challenges the market faces include the high cost of software licensing, the need for specialized training for effective utilization, and the potential integration complexities with existing data management systems. However, the overall growth trajectory remains positive, driven by the inherent need for sophisticated biostatistical analysis in various sectors.

The data set provides insightful information based on a survey related to the socioeconomic demographics of drug-free parents living in high-risk environments and their involvement in drug prevention programs. The survey involved 200 families living in high-risk drug environments located in East Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. The data includes a significant group of variables (A) socioeconomic demographic including; gender, age, race, marital status, place of current residents, number of children, number of children in primary school, number of children in secondary school, number of working children, number of children with disabilities, number of household members, level of education and employment categories, (B) parents involvement in drug prevention programs organised by various agencies including National Anti-Drug Agency, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Youth and Sport, The National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN), Department of Information (Ministry of Communications and Multimedia), Department of National Unity and National Integration (Ministry of National Unity) and Non-Government Organisation (NGOs), parents’ interest towards drug prevention program and reasons for involvement. Each question regarding parent involvement is rated on a nominal scale in such a way that scores are given for 'Yes' for parents who involved in drug prevention programs and 'No' for parents who never involved in any drug prevention programs. Further question for parents’ interest towards drug prevention programs is rated by Yes because of seek new information, increase knowledge, availability and No because of commitment and health condition