In this course, you will learn about some common types of data used for GIS mapping and analysis, and practice adding data to a file geodatabase to support a planned project.Goals Create a file geodatabase. Add data to a file geodatabase. Create an empty geodatabase feature class.

You have been assigned a new project, which you have researched, and you have identified the data that you need.The next step is to gather, organize, and potentially create the data that you need for your project analysis.In this course, you will learn how to gather and organize data using ArcGIS Pro. You will also create a file geodatabase where you will store the data that you import and create.After completing this course, you will be able to perform the following tasks:Create a geodatabase in ArcGIS Pro.Create feature classes in ArcGIS Pro by exporting and importing data.Create a new, empty feature class in ArcGIS Pro.

This seminar is an applied study of deep learning methods for extracting information from geospatial data, such as aerial imagery, multispectral imagery, digital terrain data, and other digital cartographic representations. We first provide an introduction and conceptualization of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Next, we explore appropriate loss and assessment metrics for different use cases followed by the tensor data model, which is central to applying deep learning methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are then conceptualized with scene classification use cases. Lastly, we explore semantic segmentation, object detection, and instance segmentation. The primary focus of this course is semantic segmenation for pixel-level classification. The associated GitHub repo provides a series of applied examples. We hope to continue to add examples as methods and technologies further develop. These examples make use of a vareity of datasets (e.g., SAT-6, topoDL, Inria, LandCover.ai, vfillDL, and wvlcDL). Please see the repo for links to the data and associated papers. All examples have associated videos that walk through the process, which are also linked to the repo. A variety of deep learning architectures are explored including UNet, UNet++, DeepLabv3+, and Mask R-CNN. Currenlty, two examples use ArcGIS Pro and require no coding. The remaining five examples require coding and make use of PyTorch, Python, and R within the RStudio IDE. It is assumed that you have prior knowledge of coding in the Python and R enviroinments. If you do not have experience coding, please take a look at our Open-Source GIScience and Open-Source Spatial Analytics (R) courses, which explore coding in Python and R, respectively. After completing this seminar you will be able to: explain how ANNs work including weights, bias, activation, and optimization. describe and explain different loss and assessment metrics and determine appropriate use cases. use the tensor data model to represent data as input for deep learning. explain how CNNs work including convolutional operations/layers, kernel size, stride, padding, max pooling, activation, and batch normalization. use PyTorch, Python, and R to prepare data, produce and assess scene classification models, and infer to new data. explain common semantic segmentation architectures and how these methods allow for pixel-level classification and how they are different from traditional CNNs. use PyTorch, Python, and R (or ArcGIS Pro) to prepare data, produce and assess semantic segmentation models, and infer to new data.

Lesson 1. An Introduction to working with multispectral satellite data in ArcGIS Pro In which we learn: • How to unpack tar and gz files from USGS EROS • The basic map interface in ArcGIS • How to add image files • What each individual band of Landsat spectral data looks like • The difference between: o Analysis-ready data: surface reflectance and surface temperature o Landsat Collection 1 Level 3 data: burned area and dynamic surface water o Sentinel2data o ISRO AWiFS and LISS-3 data Lesson 2. Basic image preprocessing In which we learn: • How to composite using the composite band tool • How to represent composite images • All about band combinations • How to composite using raster functions • How to subset data into a rectangle • How to clip to a polygon Lesson 3. Working with mosaic datasets In which we learn: o How to prepare an empty mosaic dataset o How to add images to a mosaic dataset o How to change symbology in a mosaic dataset o How to add a time attribute o How to add a time dimension to the mosaic dataset o How to view time series data in a mosaic dataset Lesson 4. Working with and creating derived datasets In which we learn: • How to visualize Landsat ARD surface temperature • How to calculate F° from K° using ARD surface temperature • How to generate and apply .lyrx files • How to calculate an NDVI raster using ISRO LISS-3 data • How to visualize burned areas using Landsat Level 3 data • How to visualize dynamic surface water extent using Landsat Level 3 data

GIS in the age of community health (Learn ArcGIS Path). Arm yourself with hands-on skills and knowledge of how GIS tools can analyze health data and better understand diseases._Communities around the world are taking strides in mitigating the threat that COVID-19 (coronavirus) poses. Geography and location analysis have a crucial role in better understanding this evolving pandemic.When you need help quickly, Esri can provide data, software, configurable applications, and technical support for your emergency GIS operations. Use GIS to rapidly access and visualize mission-critical information. Get the information you need quickly, in a way that’s easy to understand, to make better decisions during a crisis.Esri’s Disaster Response Program (DRP) assists with disasters worldwide as part of our corporate citizenship. We support response and relief efforts with GIS technology and expertise.More information...

This dataset holds all materials for the Inform E-learning GIS course

In this seminar, you will learn about ArcGIS Data Reviewer tools that allow you to automate, centrally manage, and improve your GIS data quality control processes.This seminar was developed to support the following:ArcGIS 10.0 For Desktop (ArcView, ArcEditor, Or ArcInfo)ArcGIS Data Reviewer for Desktop

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is Learning GIS using open source software : an applied guide for geo-spatial analysis. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

This submission contains an ESRI map package (.mpk) with an embedded geodatabase for GIS resources used or derived in the Nevada Machine Learning project, meant to accompany the final report. The package includes layer descriptions, layer grouping, and symbology. Layer groups include: new/revised datasets (paleo-geothermal features, geochemistry, geophysics, heat flow, slip and dilation, potential structures, geothermal power plants, positive and negative test sites), machine learning model input grids, machine learning models (Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Bayesian Neural Network (BNN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA/PCAk), Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF/NMFk) - supervised and unsupervised), original NV Play Fairway data and models, and NV cultural/reference data. See layer descriptions for additional metadata. Smaller GIS resource packages (by category) can be found in the related datasets section of this submission. A submission linking the full codebase for generating machine learning output models is available through the "Related Datasets" link on this page, and contains results beyond the top picks present in this compilation.

[Metadata] Description: Land Study Bureau's Detailed Agricultural land productivity ratings for Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Hawaii. Source: Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification, 1965-1972. Aerial Photos hand drafted onto paper overlays of the U.S.G.S., 1:24,000 topographic and orthophoto quads. Ratings were developed for both over-all productivity, and for specific crops. This layer represents only the over-all productivity ratings.May 2024: Hawaii Statewide GIS Program staff removed extraneous fields that had been added as part of the 2016 GIS database conversion and were no longer needed.For more information, please refer to metadata at https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/lsb.pdf or contact Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, Hi. 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov; Website: https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis.

Python Scripting for ArcGIS Pro stars with the fundamentals of Python programming and then dives into how to write useful Python scripts that work with spatial data in ArcGIS Pro. Leam how to execute geoprocessing tools, describe, create and update data, as well as execute a number of specialized tasks. See how to write simple, Custom scripts that will automate your ArcGIS Pro workflows.Some of the key topics you Will learn include:Python fundamentalsSetting up a Python editorAutomating geoprocessing tasksExploring and manipulating spatal and tabular dataWorking With geometriesMap scriptingDebugging ard error handlingHelpful "points to remember," key terms, and review questions are included at the end of each chapter to reinforce your understanding of Python. Corresponding data and exercises are available online.Whether want to learn python or already have some experience, Python Scripting for ArcGlS Pro is comprehensive, hands-on book for learning versatility of Python coding as an approach to solving problems and increasing your productivity in ArcGlS Pro. Follow the step-by-step instruction and common workflow guidance for automating tasks and scripting with Python.Don't forget to also check out Esri Press's other Python title:Advanced Python Scripting for ArcGIS ProAUDIENCEProfessional and scholarly. College/higher education. General/trade.AUTHOR BIOPaul A Zandbergen is an associate professor of geography at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. His areas of expertise include geographic information science; spatial and statistical analysis techniques using GIS; error and uncertainty in spatial data; GIS applications in criminology, economics, health, and spatial ecology; terrain analysis and modeling; and community-based mapping using GIS and GPS.Pub Date: Print 7/7/2020 Digital: 7/7/2020ISBN: Print 9781589484993 Digital: 9781589485006 Price: Print: $79.99 USD Digital: $79.99 USD Pages: 420 Trim: 8 x 10 in.Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Introducing Py%onChapter 2. Working with Python editorsChapter 3. Geoprocessing in ArcGIS ProChapter 4. Leaming Python language fundamentalsChapter 5. Geoprocessing using PythonChapter 6. Exploring spatial dataChapter 7. Debugging and error handlingChapter 8. Manipulating spatial and tabular dataChapter 9. Working with geometriesChapter 10. Working with rastersChapter 11. Map scriptingIndexPython Scripting and Advanced Python Scripting for ArcGIS Pro | Official Trailer | 2020-07-12 | 01:04Paul Zandbergen | Interview with Esri Press | 2020-07-10 | 25:37 | Link.

Not only does sea ice provide an irreplaceable habitat for many polar species, but it also is essential for the proper functioning of Earth’s climate system. Reductions of sea ice extent are accelerating warming along with exposing otherwise protected areas to resource exploitation. Track the status of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic using the latest information from NOAA at the National Snow and Ice Data Center available in Esri’s Living Atlas and learn more about changing conditions in the polar regions.

This dataset represents a unique compiled environmental data set for the circumpolar Arctic ocean region 45N to 90N region. It consists of 170 layers (mostly marine, some terrestrial) in ArcGIS 10 format to be used with a Geographic Information System (GIS) and which are listed below in detail. Most layers are long-term average raster GRIDs for the summer season, often by ocean depth, and represent value-added products easy to use. The sources of the data are manifold such as the World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), International Bathimetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO), Canadian Earth System Model 2 (CanESM2) data (the newest generation of models available) and data sources such as plankton databases and OBIS. Ocean layers were modeled and predicted into the future and zooplankton species were modeled based on future data: Calanus hyperboreus (AphiaID104467), Metridia longa (AphiaID 104632), M. pacifica (AphiaID 196784) and Thysanoessa raschii (AphiaID 110711). Some layers are derived within ArcGIS. Layers have pixel sizes between 1215.819573 meters and 25257.72929 meters for the best pooled model, and between 224881.2644 and 672240.4095 meters for future climate data. Data was then reprojected into North Pole Stereographic projection in meters (WGS84 as the geographic datum). Also, future layers are included as a selected subset of proposed future climate layers from the Canadian CanESM2 for the next 100 years (scenario runs rcp26 and rcp85). The following layer groups are available: bathymetry (depth, derived slope and aspect); proximity layers (to,glaciers,sea ice, protected areas, wetlands, shelf edge); dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen, percent oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, salinity, silicate (all for August and for 9 depth classes); runoff (proximity, annual and August); sea surface temperature; waterbody temperature (12 depth classes); modeled ocean boundary layers (H1, H2, H3 and Wx).This dataset is used for a M.Sc. thesis by the author, and freely available upon request. For questions and details we suggest contacting the authors. Process_Description: Please contact Moritz Schmid for the thesis and detailed explanations. Short version: We model predicted here for the first time ocean layers in the Arctic Ocean based on a unique dataset of physical oceanography. Moreover, we developed presence/random absence models that indicate where the studied zooplankton species are most likely to be present in the Arctic Ocean. Apart from that, we develop the first spatially explicit models known to science that describe the depth in which the studied zooplankton species are most likely to be at, as well as their distribution of life stages. We do not only do this for one present day scenario. We modeled five different scenarios and for future climate data. First, we model predicted ocean layers using the most up to date data from various open access sources, referred here as best-pooled model data. We decided to model this set of stratification layers after discussions and input of expert knowledge by Professor Igor Polyakov from the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We predicted those stratification layers because those are the boundaries and layers that the plankton has to cross for diel vertical migration and a change in those would most likely affect the migration. I assigned 4 variables to the stratification layers. H1, H2, H3 and Wx. H1 is the lower boundary of the mixed layer depth. Above this layer a lot of atmospheric disturbance is causing mixing of the water, giving the mixed layer its name. H2, the middle of the halocline is important because in this part of the ocean a strong gradient in salinity and temperature separates water layers. H3, the isotherm is important, because beneath it flows denser and colder Atlantic water. Wx summarizes the overall width of the described water column. Ocean layers were predicted using machine learning algorithms (TreeNet, Salford Systems). Second, ocean layers were included as predictors and used to predict the presence/random absence, most likely depth and life stage layers for the zooplankton species: Calanus hyperboreus, Metridia longa, Metridia pacifica and Thysanoessa raschii, This process was repeated for future predictions based on the CanESM2 data (see in the data section). For zooplankton species the following layers were developed and for the future. C. hyperboreus: Best-pooled model as well as future predictions (rcp26 including ocean layer(also excluding), rcp85 including oocean layers (also excluding) for 2010 and 2100.For parameters: Presence/random absence, most likely depth and life stage layers M. longa: Best-pooled model as well as future predictions (rcp26 including ocean layer(also excluding), rcp85 including oocean layers (also excluding) for 2010 and 2100. For parameters: Presence/rand... Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/f63d0f6c-7d53-46ce-b755-42a368007601 for complete metadata about this dataset.

On shallow rocky reefs in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand, urchin barrens are recognised as indicators of the ecosystem effects of overfishing reef predators. Yet, information on their extent and variability is lacking. We use aerial imagery to map the urchin barrens and kelp forests on reefs (<30 m depth) across seven locations, including within two long-established marine reserves and a marine protected area that allows recreational fishing. Urchin barrens were present in all locations and were restricted to reefs <10-16 m deep. This archive contains ArcGIS shapefiles and layer files for all of the maps used in this study. The study area extends from Cape Reinga in the far north of the North Island to Tawharanui in the Hauraki Gulf near Auckland. Regional scale base maps of the prominent marine habitats were included along with the seven fine-scale maps where the kelp forests and urchin barrens were mapped., The GIS shapefiles produced in this study were hand-drawn over layers of low-level aerial photography taken in specific conditions, which maximised the visible depth observable to create polygons to depict the habitat boundaries of the shallow reef. Of particular interest was the mapping of urchin barrens. Ground truthing surveys creating point data and underwater imagery were also brought into the GIS project to assist in drawing the reef habitat polygons. Arc layer files contain a common symbology across the seven study maps to aid the interpretation of the mapping. Further information on the methodology used in the mapping can be found in two published papers and four technical reports corresponding to the maps. The Readme file details where technical reports and published reports can be downloaded from the internet., , # GIS data of urchin barren mapping in Northeastern New Zealand

GIS mapping resources supporting the research article: Kerr, V.C. Grace R.V. (deceased), and Shears N.T., 2004. Estimating the extent of urchin barrens and kelp forest loss in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand. Kerr and Associates, Whangarei, New Zealand.

Description of the data and file structure

Four folders in this archive contain ArcGIS shapefiles with the extension (.shp). The shapefiles can be uploaded to ArcGIS or any ArcGIS-compatible software to view and access the files' spatial data and habitat attributes. It is essential to retain the associated files in each folder as these are system files required by ArcGIS to open and use the shapefiles. Each shapefile has six associated files with extensions: .avi, .CPG, .dbf, .prf, .sbn, and .sbx. In this archive are maps based on polygons drawn to depict habitat boundaries of biological and physical habitats in the shallow coastal areas of Northeastern New Zealan...

On December 6, 2022, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (BOS) adopted the 2022 Countywide Parks Needs Assessment Plus (PNA+) Final Report. Consistent with this Board action, DPR is making GIS data from the PNA+ available to the public here. Composite layers include:Regional Study AreasRural Study AreasRegional Site InventoryLocal ParksBeachesCountywide TrailsTrailheads and Access PointsPriority Areas for Increasing Access to Regional RecreationPriority Areas for Increasing Access to Rural RecreationPriority Area for Environmental RestorationEnvironmental BenefitsEnvironmental BurdensComposite Population VulnerabilityNote that all data sources in the web map are courtesy of the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR). If you'd like to learn more about the data and analysis used in the PNA+, visit https://lacountyparkneeds.org/pnaplus-report/.

DISCLAIMER: The data herein is for informational purposes, and may not have been prepared for or be suitable for legal, engineering, or surveying intents. The County of Los Angeles reserves the right to change, restrict, or discontinue access at any time. All users of the maps and data presented on https://lacounty.maps.arcgis.com or deriving from any LA County REST URLs agree to the "Terms of Use" outlined on the County of LA Enterprise GIS (eGIS) Hub (https://egis-lacounty.hub.arcgis.com/pages/terms-of-use).

The GRASS GIS database containing the input raster layers needed to reproduce the results from the manuscript entitled:

"Mapping forests with different levels of naturalness using machine learning and landscape data mining" (under review)

Abstract:

To conserve biodiversity, it is imperative to maintain and restore sufficient amounts of functional habitat networks. Hence, locating remaining forests with natural structures and processes over landscapes and large regions is a key task. We integrated machine learning (Random Forest) and wall-to-wall open landscape data to scan all forest landscapes in Sweden with a 1 ha spatial resolution with respect to the relative likelihood of hosting High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF). Using independent spatial stand- and plot-level validation data we confirmed that our predictions (ROC AUC in the range of 0.89 - 0.90) correctly represent forests with different levels of naturalness, from deteriorated to those with high and associated biodiversity conservation values. Given ambitious national and international conservation objectives, and increasingly intensive forestry, our model and the resulting wall-to-wall mapping fills an urgent gap for assessing fulfilment of evidence-based conservation targets, spatial planning, and designing forest landscape restoration.

This database was compiled from the following sources:

1. HCVF. A database of High Conservation Value Forests in Sweden. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.

source: https://geodata.naturvardsverket.se/nedladdning/skogliga_vardekarnor_2016.zip

1. NMD. National Land Cover Data. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.

source: https://www.naturvardsverket.se/en/services-and-permits/maps-and-map-services/national-land-cover-database/

1. DEM. Terrain Model Download, grid 50+. Lantmateriet, Swedish Ministry of Finance.

source: https://www.lantmateriet.se/en/geodata/geodata-products/product-list/terrain-model-download-grid-50/

1. GFC. Global Forest Change. Global Land Analysis and Discovery, University of Maryland.

source: https://glad.earthengine.app

1. LIGHTS. A harmonized global nighttime light dataset 1992–2018. Land pollution with night-time lights expressed as calibrated digital numbers (DN).

source: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9828827.v2

1. POPULATION. Total Population in Sweden. Statistics Sweden.

source: https://www.scb.se/en/services/open-data-api/open-geodata/grid-statistics/

To learn more about the GRASS GIS database structure, see:

https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/manuals/grass_database.html

This layer displays a global map of land use/land cover (LULC) derived from ESA Sentinel-2 imagery at 10m resolution. Each year is generated with Impact Observatory’s deep learning AI land classification model, trained using billions of human-labeled image pixels from the National Geographic Society. The global maps are produced by applying this model to the Sentinel-2 Level-2A image collection on Microsoft’s Planetary Computer, processing over 400,000 Earth observations per year.The algorithm generates LULC predictions for nine classes, described in detail below. The year 2017 has a land cover class assigned for every pixel, but its class is based upon fewer images than the other years. The years 2018-2024 are based upon a more complete set of imagery. For this reason, the year 2017 may have less accurate land cover class assignments than the years 2018-2024. Key Properties Variable mapped: Land use/land cover in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024Source Data Coordinate System: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) WGS84Service Coordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere WGS84 (EPSG:3857)Extent: GlobalSource imagery: Sentinel-2 L2ACell Size: 10-metersType: ThematicAttribution: Esri, Impact ObservatoryAnalysis: Optimized for analysisClass Definitions: ValueNameDescription1WaterAreas where water was predominantly present throughout the year; may not cover areas with sporadic or ephemeral water; contains little to no sparse vegetation, no rock outcrop nor built up features like docks; examples: rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans, flooded salt plains.2TreesAny significant clustering of tall (~15 feet or higher) dense vegetation, typically with a closed or dense canopy; examples: wooded vegetation, clusters of dense tall vegetation within savannas, plantations, swamp or mangroves (dense/tall vegetation with ephemeral water or canopy too thick to detect water underneath).4Flooded vegetationAreas of any type of vegetation with obvious intermixing of water throughout a majority of the year; seasonally flooded area that is a mix of grass/shrub/trees/bare ground; examples: flooded mangroves, emergent vegetation, rice paddies and other heavily irrigated and inundated agriculture.5CropsHuman planted/plotted cereals, grasses, and crops not at tree height; examples: corn, wheat, soy, fallow plots of structured land.7Built AreaHuman made structures; major road and rail networks; large homogenous impervious surfaces including parking structures, office buildings and residential housing; examples: houses, dense villages / towns / cities, paved roads, asphalt.8Bare groundAreas of rock or soil with very sparse to no vegetation for the entire year; large areas of sand and deserts with no to little vegetation; examples: exposed rock or soil, desert and sand dunes, dry salt flats/pans, dried lake beds, mines.9Snow/IceLarge homogenous areas of permanent snow or ice, typically only in mountain areas or highest latitudes; examples: glaciers, permanent snowpack, snow fields.10CloudsNo land cover information due to persistent cloud cover.11RangelandOpen areas covered in homogenous grasses with little to no taller vegetation; wild cereals and grasses with no obvious human plotting (i.e., not a plotted field); examples: natural meadows and fields with sparse to no tree cover, open savanna with few to no trees, parks/golf courses/lawns, pastures. Mix of small clusters of plants or single plants dispersed on a landscape that shows exposed soil or rock; scrub-filled clearings within dense forests that are clearly not taller than trees; examples: moderate to sparse cover of bushes, shrubs and tufts of grass, savannas with very sparse grasses, trees or other plants.NOTE: Land use focus does not provide the spatial detail of a land cover map. As such, for the built area classification, yards, parks, and groves will appear as built area rather than trees or rangeland classes.Usage Information and Best PracticesProcessing TemplatesThis layer includes a number of preconfigured processing templates (raster function templates) to provide on-the-fly data rendering and class isolation for visualization and analysis. Each processing template includes labels and descriptions to characterize the intended usage. This may include for visualization, for analysis, or for both visualization and analysis. VisualizationThe default rendering on this layer displays all classes.There are a number of on-the-fly renderings/processing templates designed specifically for data visualization.By default, the most recent year is displayed. To discover and isolate specific years for visualization in Map Viewer, try using the Image Collection Explorer. AnalysisIn order to leverage the optimization for analysis, the capability must be enabled by your ArcGIS organization administrator. More information on enabling this feature can be found in the ‘Regional data hosting’ section of this help doc.Optimized for analysis means this layer does not have size constraints for analysis and it is recommended for multisource analysis with other layers optimized for analysis. See this group for a complete list of imagery layers optimized for analysis.Prior to running analysis, users should always provide some form of data selection with either a layer filter (e.g. for a specific date range, cloud cover percent, mission, etc.) or by selecting specific images. To discover and isolate specific images for analysis in Map Viewer, try using the Image Collection Explorer.Zonal Statistics is a common tool used for understanding the composition of a specified area by reporting the total estimates for each of the classes. GeneralIf you are new to Sentinel-2 LULC, the Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer provides a good introductory user experience for working with this imagery layer. For more information, see this Quick Start Guide.Global land use/land cover maps provide information on conservation planning, food security, and hydrologic modeling, among other things. This dataset can be used to visualize land use/land cover anywhere on Earth. Classification ProcessThese maps include Version 003 of the global Sentinel-2 land use/land cover data product. It is produced by a deep learning model trained using over five billion hand-labeled Sentinel-2 pixels, sampled from over 20,000 sites distributed across all major biomes of the world.The underlying deep learning model uses 6-bands of Sentinel-2 L2A surface reflectance data: visible blue, green, red, near infrared, and two shortwave infrared bands. To create the final map, the model is run on multiple dates of imagery throughout the year, and the outputs are composited into a final representative map for each year.The input Sentinel-2 L2A data was accessed via Microsoft’s Planetary Computer and scaled using Microsoft Azure Batch. CitationKarra, Kontgis, et al. “Global land use/land cover with Sentinel-2 and deep learning.” IGARSS 2021-2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021.AcknowledgementsTraining data for this project makes use of the National Geographic Society Dynamic World training dataset, produced for the Dynamic World Project by National Geographic Society in partnership with Google and the World Resources Institute.

The classification of point cloud datasets to identify distribution wires is useful for identifying vegetation encroachment around power lines. Such workflows are important for preventing fires and power outages and are typically manual, recurring, and labor-intensive. This model is designed to extract distribution wires at the street level. Its predictions for high-tension transmission wires are less consistent with changes in geography as compared to street-level distribution wires. In the case of high-tension transmission wires, a lower ‘recall’ value is observed as compared to the value observed for low-lying street wires and poles.Using the modelFollow the guide to use the model. The model can be used with ArcGIS Pro's Classify Point Cloud Using Trained Model tool. Before using this model, ensure that the supported deep learning libraries are installed. For more details, check Deep Learning Libraries Installer for ArcGIS.InputThe model accepts unclassified point clouds with point geometry (X, Y and Z values). Note: The model is not dependent on any additional attributes such as Intensity, Number of Returns, etc. This model is trained to work on unclassified point clouds that are in a projected coordinate system, in which the units of X, Y and Z are based on the metric system of measurement. If the dataset is in degrees or feet, it needs to be re-projected accordingly. The model was trained using a training dataset with the full set of points. Therefore, it is important to make the full set of points available to the neural network while predicting - allowing it to better discriminate points of 'class of interest' versus background points. It is recommended to use 'selective/target classification' and 'class preservation' functionalities during prediction to have better control over the classification and scenarios with false positives.The model was trained on airborne lidar datasets and is expected to perform best with similar datasets. Classification of terrestrial point cloud datasets may work but has not been validated. For such cases, this pre-trained model may be fine-tuned to save on cost, time, and compute resources while improving accuracy. Another example where fine-tuning this model can be useful is when the object of interest is tram wires, railway wires, etc. which are geometrically similar to electricity wires. When fine-tuning this model, the target training data characteristics such as class structure, maximum number of points per block and extra attributes should match those of the data originally used for training this model (see Training data section below).OutputThe model will classify the point cloud into the following classes with their meaning as defined by the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) described below: Classcode Class Description 0 Background Class 14 Distribution Wires 15 Distribution Tower/PolesApplicable geographiesThe model is expected to work within any geography. It's seen to produce favorable results as shown here in many regions. However, results can vary for datasets that are statistically dissimilar to training data.Model architectureThis model uses the RandLANet model architecture implemented in ArcGIS API for Python.Accuracy metricsThe table below summarizes the accuracy of the predictions on the validation dataset. - Precision Recall F1-score Background (0) 0.999679 0.999876 0.999778 Distribution Wires (14) 0.955085 0.936825 0.945867 Distribution Poles (15) 0.707983 0.553888 0.621527Training dataThis model is trained on manually classified training dataset provided to Esri by AAM group. The training data used has the following characteristics: X, Y, and Z linear unitmeter Z range-240.34 m to 731.17 m Number of Returns1 to 5 Intensity1 to 4095 Point spacing0.2 ± 0.1 Scan angle-42 to +35 Maximum points per block20000 Extra attributesNone Class structure[0, 14, 15]Sample resultsHere are a few results from the model.

This layer shows population broken down by race and Hispanic origin. This is shown by tract, county, and state centroids. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. This layer is symbolized to show the predominant race living within an area, and the total population in that area. To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B03002Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters).The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

Code and data for the paper "Enriching the metadata of map images: a deep learning approach with GIS-based data augmentation"