ABSTRACT This paper investigates if opacity (as measured by derivatives usage) creates value for investors and the managers of hedge funds that charge performance fees. Since we do not identify a positive relation between opacity and managers’ revenue, it is not possible to state that opacity is a source of manager’s value creation for hedge fund investors and managers. However, considering that opacity is positively associated with risk-taking and negatively related with investors’ adjusted returns, we suggest policies aiming at protecting investors, especially those less qualified. We examine a unique and comprehensive database related to the positions in derivatives taken by managers, which was enabled due to specific disclosure regulatory demands of the Brazilian Securities Exchange Commission, where detailed information on hedge funds’ portfolio allocation should be provided on a monthly basis.

Lucror Analytics: Proprietary Hedge Funds Data for Credit Quality & Bond Valuation

At Lucror Analytics, we provide cutting-edge corporate data solutions tailored to fixed income professionals and organizations in the financial sector. Our datasets encompass issuer and issue-level credit quality, bond fair value metrics, and proprietary scores designed to offer nuanced, actionable insights into global bond markets that help you stay ahead of the curve. Covering over 3,300 global issuers and over 80,000 bonds, we empower our clients to make data-driven decisions with confidence and precision.

By leveraging our proprietary C-Score, V-Score , and V-Score I models, which utilize CDS and OAS data, we provide unparalleled granularity in credit analysis and valuation. Whether you are a portfolio manager, credit analyst, or institutional investor, Lucror’s data solutions deliver actionable insights to enhance strategies, identify mispricing opportunities, and assess market trends.

What Makes Lucror’s Hedge Funds Data Unique?

Proprietary Credit and Valuation Models Our proprietary C-Score, V-Score, and V-Score I are designed to provide a deeper understanding of credit quality and bond valuation:

C-Score: A composite score (0-100) reflecting an issuer's credit quality based on market pricing signals such as CDS spreads. Responsive to near-real-time market changes, the C-Score offers granular differentiation within and across credit rating categories, helping investors identify mispricing opportunities.

V-Score: Measures the deviation of an issue’s option-adjusted spread (OAS) from the market fair value, indicating whether a bond is overvalued or undervalued relative to the market.

V-Score I: Similar to the V-Score but benchmarked against industry-specific fair value OAS, offering insights into relative valuation within an industry context.

Comprehensive Global Coverage Our datasets cover over 3,300 issuers and 80,000 bonds across global markets, ensuring 90%+ overlap with prominent IG and HY benchmark indices. This extensive coverage provides valuable insights into issuers across sectors and geographies, enabling users to analyze issuer and market dynamics comprehensively.

Data Customization and Flexibility We recognize that different users have unique requirements. Lucror Analytics offers tailored datasets delivered in customizable formats, frequencies, and levels of granularity, ensuring that our data integrates seamlessly into your workflows.

High-Frequency, High-Quality Data Our C-Score, V-Score, and V-Score I models and metrics are updated daily using end-of-day (EOD) data from S&P. This ensures that users have access to current and accurate information, empowering timely and informed decision-making.

How Is the Data Sourced? Lucror Analytics employs a rigorous methodology to source, structure, transform and process data, ensuring reliability and actionable insights:

Proprietary Models: Our scores are derived from proprietary quant algorithms based on CDS spreads, OAS, and other issuer and bond data.

Global Data Partnerships: Our collaborations with S&P and other reputable data providers ensure comprehensive and accurate datasets.

Data Cleaning and Structuring: Advanced processes ensure data integrity, transforming raw inputs into actionable insights.

Primary Use Cases

1. Portfolio Construction & Rebalancing Lucror’s C-Score provides a granular view of issuer credit quality, allowing portfolio managers to evaluate risks and identify mispricing opportunities. With CDS-driven insights and daily updates, clients can incorporate near-real-time issuer/bond movements into their credit assessments.

2. Portfolio Optimization The V-Score and V-Score I allow portfolio managers to identify undervalued or overvalued bonds, supporting strategies that optimize returns relative to credit risk. By benchmarking valuations against market and industry standards, users can uncover potential mean-reversion opportunities and enhance portfolio performance.

3. Risk Management With data updated daily, Lucror’s models provide dynamic insights into market risks. Organizations can use this data to monitor shifts in credit quality, assess valuation anomalies, and adjust exposure proactively.

4. Strategic Decision-Making Our comprehensive datasets enable financial institutions to make informed strategic decisions. Whether it’s assessing the fair value of bonds, analyzing industry-specific credit spreads, or understanding broader market trends, Lucror’s data delivers the depth and accuracy required for success.

Why Choose Lucror Analytics for Hedge Funds Data? Lucror Analytics is committed to providing high-quality, actionable data solutions tailored to the evolving needs of the financial sector. Our unique combination of proprietary models, rigorous sourcing of high-quality data, and customizable delivery ensures that users have the insights they need to make smarter dec...

Business-critical Data Types We offer access to robust datasets sourced from over 13M job ads daily. Track companies’ growth, market focus, technological shifts, planned geographic expansion, and more: - Identify new business opportunities - Identify and forecast industry & technological trends - Help identify the jobs, teams, and business units that have the highest impact on corporate goals - Identify most in-demand skills and qualifications for key positions.

Fresh Datasets We regularly update our datasets, assuring you access to the latest data and allowing for timely analysis of rapidly evolving markets & dynamic businesses.

Historical Datasets We maintain at your disposal historical datasets, allowing for comprehensive, reliable, and statistically sound historical analysis, trend identification, and forecasting.

Easy Access and Retrieval Our job listing datasets are available in industry-standard, convenient JSON and CSV formats. These structured formats make our datasets compatible with machine learning, artificial intelligence training, and similar applications. The historical data retrieval process is quick and reliable thanks to our robust, easy-to-implement API integration.

Datasets for investors Investment firms and hedge funds use our datasets to better inform their investment decisions by gaining up-to-date, reliable insights into workforce growth, geographic expansion, market focus, technology shifts, and other factors of start-ups and established companies.

Datasets for businesses Our datasets are used by retailers, manufacturers, real estate agents, and many other types of B2B & B2C businesses to stay ahead of the curve. They can gain insights into the competitive landscape, technology, and product adoption trends as well as power their lead generation processes with data-driven decision-making.

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) also known as the Bipartisan infrastructure Law contains a large amount of formula funds. This report details those calculations.

Monthly data on international investment position, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian equity and investment fund shares by type of instrument, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), at market value.

The Strategic Jobs and Investment Fund was a grant and loan program that attracted investment in leading-edge projects that built strategic capacity and created new, high-value-added jobs. SJIF targeted innovative companies that made anchor investments, and supported cluster development within Ontario.

This dataset contains a list of recipients of Strategic Jobs and Investment Fund from 2010 to 2015. This list includes the following details:

• funding program
• name of company
• location
• fiscal year contract signed
• government funding commitment
• total project jobs created and retained as in the contract.

The Portfolio Investment Positions by Counterpart Economy dataset (formerly Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey, or CPIS) is a voluntary data collection exercise conducted under the auspices of the IMF. To participate, an economy provides data on its holdings of portfolio investment securities (data are separately requested for equity and investment fund shares, long-term debt instruments, and short-term debt instruments). The survey covers end-December holdings from 2001 to date and end-June holdings beginning with data for end-June 2013. All economies are welcome to participate. The IMF augments the data that are reported in the dataset with aggregated data from two other surveys, i.e., Securities Held as Foreign Exchange Reserves (SEFER), and Securities Held by International Organizations (SSIO). SEFER provides geographic and instrument detail on securities that are held as reserve assets, and SSIO provides the geographic and instrument detail on securities that are held by international organizations. Similar to the Portfolio Investment Positions by Counterpart Economy, SEFER is conducted semi-annually starting with data for end-June 2013, whereas SSIO is conducted annually. Data from the portfolio investment positions by counterpart economy (formerly CPIS) and SSIO surveys provide comprehensive information on holdings of portfolio investment securities and, together with aggregated data from the SEFER survey, the geographic detail captured in these three surveys can be used to derive estimates of portfolio investment liabilities. In response to requests from data users, a number of enhancements to the Portfolio Investment Positions by Counterpart Economy (formerly CPIS) were implemented starting with data for end-June 2013. These enhancements include increased frequency (as noted above, semi-annual - data collections were implemented), improved timeliness (acceleration in both the collection and re- dissemination of data), and expanded scope (collection of data on an encouraged basis on the institutional sector of the nonresident issuer of securities; on short or negative positions; and on the institutional sector of the resident holder cross-classified by the institutional sector of selected nonresident issuers).

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data was reported at 5,088,302.058 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,996,321.581 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data is updated yearly, averaging 3,576,140.842 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,088,302.058 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 2,681,986.300 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Hong Kong SAR (China) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Russian Federation data was reported at 671,515.346 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 601,744.038 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Russian Federation data is updated yearly, averaging 228,539.085 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 671,515.346 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 168,836.906 JPY mn in 2018. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Russian Federation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Swaziland data was reported at -6.628 EUR mn in 2023. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Swaziland data is updated yearly, averaging -6.628 EUR mn from Dec 2023 (Median) to 2023, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -6.628 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of -6.628 EUR mn in 2023. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Swaziland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: G20 Countries Excluding European Union data was reported at 406,377.700 EUR mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 462,272.700 EUR mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: G20 Countries Excluding European Union data is updated yearly, averaging 224,553.400 EUR mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 462,272.700 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 127,483.900 EUR mn in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: G20 Countries Excluding European Union data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.; G20 countries excluding European Union, 19 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States

View LSEG's Lipper Fund Research Database, providing independent fund content to benchmark fund performance, manage risk, and more.

Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: ODA Recipients - Africa data was reported at 288.714 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 203.901 EUR mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: ODA Recipients - Africa data is updated yearly, averaging 155.572 EUR mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 288.714 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of -1,238.071 EUR mn in 2014. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: ODA Recipients - Africa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.; Countries from AFRICA recipients of Offical Development Assistance (ODA), 55 countries: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the , Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland

Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) Recipients data was reported at 15,148.810 EUR mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16,173.550 EUR mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) Recipients data is updated yearly, averaging 12,852.220 EUR mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,173.550 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 4,323.796 EUR mn in 2014. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) Recipients data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.; Countries recipients of Offical Development Assistance (ODA), 55 countries: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the , Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland

Ebit Time Series for IDI S.C.A.. IDI is a private equity firm specializing in leveraged buyouts, expansion capital, middle market, growth capital, acquisition of significant holdings in listed small and medium companies and secondary private equity portfolios, mezzanine financing, loans senior to senior debt, mergers and acquisitions, LBO, development capital, discounted leveraged buyouts loans in mature companies and through co-investments in pre-IPO financing. Within fund of fund investments, the firm invests in private equity funds and Hedge funds. It seeks to invest in all sectors. It also prefers to invest in French and European SMEs/small cap and mid-cap companies. The firm primarily seeks to invest in France and European Developed Markets. The firm seeks to invest in "25 million ($26.81 million) and "60 million ($64.35 million) independently and up to "100+ million ($107.24 million) in co-investment. It generally makes an equity investment between "15 million ($16.28 million) and "150 million ($162.81 million). The firm prefers to invest between "15 million ($16.28 million) and "50 million ($54.27 million) in small and mid cap companies. It invests in companies with an enterprise value ranging between "10 million ($11.04 million) and "300 million ($331.34 million) with the capacity to exceed this limit on a case-by-case basis and invests between "5 million ($5.52 million) and "25 million ($27.14 million) per deal. It seeks to invest in funds with a fund size between $50 million and "300 million ($331.34 million). The amount it invest in each transactions ranges from "25 million ($27.14 million) and "50 million ($54.27 million) and upto "150 million ($162.81 million) in case of joint investments. The firm takes majority and minority stakes in companies with a focus on majority positions in small and medium-sized companies acquiring through leveraged buyouts. The firm mainly invests through its own capital in both direct and fund of funds investments. The firm prefers to invest from its balance sheet. IDI was founded in 1970 and is based in

We track hiring activity and employees growth for all US public companies. For each company, we have a link to its Indeed, Glassdoor, and Linkedin profiles, which allows us to understand growth trends in real-time.

The main fields are the number of open job positions, headcount, and various employee ratings (diversity, salary satisfaction, etc.). The dataset has 1 year of history, and the data is updated daily.

This data gives answers to such questions as: - Which companies are most actively hiring right now? - Which companies had the most significant growth of employees over the past week/month/year? - Which companies have the highest rates from employees in terms of ESG, and which ones cannot retain an employee for more than a month?

Such data helps estimate the risks of long-term investing in shares and is valuable for Hedge Funds, M&A firms, and consulting companies.

Envestnet®| Yodlee®'s Bank Statement Data (Aggregate/Row) Panels consist of de-identified, near-real time (T+1) USA credit/debit/ACH transaction level data – offering a wide view of the consumer activity ecosystem. The underlying data is sourced from end users leveraging the aggregation portion of the Envestnet®| Yodlee®'s financial technology platform.

Envestnet | Yodlee Consumer Panels (Aggregate/Row) include data relating to millions of transactions, including ticket size and merchant location. The dataset includes de-identified credit/debit card and bank transactions (such as a payroll deposit, account transfer, or mortgage payment). Our coverage offers insights into areas such as consumer, TMT, energy, REITs, internet, utilities, ecommerce, MBS, CMBS, equities, credit, commodities, FX, and corporate activity. We apply rigorous data science practices to deliver key KPIs daily that are focused, relevant, and ready to put into production.

We offer free trials. Our team is available to provide support for loading, validation, sample scripts, or other services you may need to generate insights from our data.

Investors, corporate researchers, and corporates can use our data to answer some key business questions such as: - How much are consumers spending with specific merchants/brands and how is that changing over time? - Is the share of consumer spend at a specific merchant increasing or decreasing? - How are consumers reacting to new products or services launched by merchants? - For loyal customers, how is the share of spend changing over time? - What is the company’s market share in a region for similar customers? - Is the company’s loyal user base increasing or decreasing? - Is the lifetime customer value increasing or decreasing?

Additional Use Cases: - Use spending data to analyze sales/revenue broadly (sector-wide) or granular (company-specific). Historically, our tracked consumer spend has correlated above 85% with company-reported data from thousands of firms. Users can sort and filter by many metrics and KPIs, such as sales and transaction growth rates and online or offline transactions, as well as view customer behavior within a geographic market at a state or city level. - Reveal cohort consumer behavior to decipher long-term behavioral consumer spending shifts. Measure market share, wallet share, loyalty, consumer lifetime value, retention, demographics, and more.) - Study the effects of inflation rates via such metrics as increased total spend, ticket size, and number of transactions. - Seek out alpha-generating signals or manage your business strategically with essential, aggregated transaction and spending data analytics.

Use Cases Categories (Our data provides an innumerable amount of use cases, and we look forward to working with new ones): 1. Market Research: Company Analysis, Company Valuation, Competitive Intelligence, Competitor Analysis, Competitor Analytics, Competitor Insights, Customer Data Enrichment, Customer Data Insights, Customer Data Intelligence, Demand Forecasting, Ecommerce Intelligence, Employee Pay Strategy, Employment Analytics, Job Income Analysis, Job Market Pricing, Marketing, Marketing Data Enrichment, Marketing Intelligence, Marketing Strategy, Payment History Analytics, Price Analysis, Pricing Analytics, Retail, Retail Analytics, Retail Intelligence, Retail POS Data Analysis, and Salary Benchmarking

1. Investment Research: Financial Services, Hedge Funds, Investing, Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A), Stock Picking, Venture Capital (VC)

2. Consumer Analysis: Consumer Data Enrichment, Consumer Intelligence

3. Market Data: AnalyticsB2C Data Enrichment, Bank Data Enrichment, Behavioral Analytics, Benchmarking, Customer Insights, Customer Intelligence, Data Enhancement, Data Enrichment, Data Intelligence, Data Modeling, Ecommerce Analysis, Ecommerce Data Enrichment, Economic Analysis, Financial Data Enrichment, Financial Intelligence, Local Economic Forecasting, Location-based Analytics, Market Analysis, Market Analytics, Market Intelligence, Market Potential Analysis, Market Research, Market Share Analysis, Sales, Sales Data Enrichment, Sales Enablement, Sales Insights, Sales Intelligence, Spending Analytics, Stock Market Predictions, and Trend Analysis

Success.ai’s Private Equity (PE) Funding Data provides reliable, verified access to the contact details of investment professionals, fund managers, analysts, and executives operating in the global private equity landscape. Drawn from over 170 million verified professional profiles, this dataset includes work emails, direct phone numbers, and LinkedIn profiles for key decision-makers in PE firms. Whether you’re seeking new investment opportunities, looking to pitch your services, or building strategic relationships, Success.ai delivers continuously updated and AI-validated data to ensure your outreach is both precise and effective.

Why Choose Success.ai’s Private Equity Professionals Data?

1. Comprehensive Contact Information

   • Access verified work emails, direct phone numbers, and social profiles for PE fund managers, analysts, partners, and principals.
   • AI-driven validation ensures 99% accuracy, reducing wasted efforts and enabling confident communication with industry leaders.

2. Global Reach Across Private Equity Markets

   • Includes profiles of professionals involved in leveraged buyouts, growth capital, venture investments, and secondary market deals.
   • Covers North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and the Middle East, ensuring a global perspective on PE investments.

3. Continuously Updated Datasets

   • Real-time updates keep you informed about changes in roles, firm structures, and portfolio focus, helping you stay aligned with an ever-evolving investment environment.

4. Ethical and Compliant

   • Adheres to GDPR, CCPA, and other international data privacy regulations, ensuring your outreach is both ethical and legally compliant.

Data Highlights:

• 170M+ Verified Professional Profiles: Includes private equity professionals, decision-makers, and influential players worldwide.
• 50M Work Emails: AI-validated for direct, accurate communication.
• 30M Company Profiles: Gain insights into private equity firms, their portfolio companies, investment stages, and sector focuses.
• 700M Global Professional Profiles: Enriched datasets supporting broad market analysis, strategic planning, and competitive assessments.

Key Features of the Dataset:

1. Investment Decision-Maker Profiles

   • Identify and connect with fund managers, dealmakers, and senior executives overseeing capital allocation, portfolio management, and exit strategies.
   • Engage with professionals who influence investment theses, valuation approaches, and cross-border deals.

2. Advanced Filters for Precision Targeting

   • Refine outreach by region, deal size, industry preference, fund type, or specific job functions within the PE firm.
   • Tailor campaigns to align with unique investment philosophies, market segments, and strategic focuses.

3. AI-Driven Enrichment

   • Profiles are enriched with actionable data, equipping you with insights to personalize messaging, highlight unique value propositions, and enhance engagement outcomes.

Strategic Use Cases:

1. Deal Origination and Pipeline Building

   • Reach out to PE fund managers and analysts to present investment opportunities, co-investment deals, or M&A prospects.
   • Identify partners receptive to new growth capital deployments, early-stage investments, or strategic acquisitions.

2. Advisory and Professional Services

   • Offer due diligence, valuation, legal, or consulting services directly to decision-makers at private equity firms.
   • Position your expertise to streamline deal execution, portfolio optimization, or exit planning.

3. Fundraising and Investor Relations

   • Connect with IR professionals, placement agents, and fund administrators to discuss fundraising targets, investor outreach strategies, or institutional capital requirements.
   • Engage with professionals managing limited partner relationships, capital calls, and reporting obligations.

4. Market Research and Competitive Intelligence

   • Utilize PE data for comprehensive market analysis, competitor benchmarking, and trend identification.
   • Understand investment patterns, portfolio performance, and sector preferences to refine your business strategies.

Why Choose Success.ai?

1. Best Price Guarantee

   • Secure premium-quality verified data at competitive prices, maximizing the ROI of your outreach and lead-generation efforts.

2. Seamless Integration

   • Incorporate verified contact data into your CRM or marketing automation platforms using APIs or downloadable formats for streamlined data management.

3. Data Accuracy with AI Validation

   • Rely on 99% accuracy to guide data-driven decisions, improve targeting, and enhance the effectiveness of your investment-related initiatives.

4. Customizable and Scalable Solutions

   • Adapt datasets to focus on particular geographies, deal sizes, or industry sectors, adjusting as your business needs evolve.

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JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Mexico data was reported at 2,033,635.001 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,766,350.215 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Mexico data is updated yearly, averaging 1,374,888.005 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,033,635.001 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 699,602.880 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Mexico data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Italy data was reported at 102,816.748 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 84,504.912 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Italy data is updated yearly, averaging 77,113.981 JPY mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102,816.748 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 63,752.774 JPY mn in 2018. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Italy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.