Author: Titus, Maxwell (mtitus@esri.com)Last Updated: 3/4/2025Intended Environment: ArcGIS ProPurpose: This Notebook was designed to automate updates for Hosted Feature Services hosted in ArcGIS Online (or ArcGIS Portal) from ArcGIS Pro and a spatial join of two live datasets.Description: This Notebook was designed to automate updates for Hosted Feature Services hosted in ArcGIS Online (or ArcGIS Portal) from ArcGIS Pro. An associated ArcGIS Dashboard would then reflect these updates. Specifically, this Notebook would:First, pull two datasets - National Weather Updates and Public Schools - from the Living Atlas and add them to an ArcGIS Pro map.Then, the Notebook would perform a spatial join on two layers to give Public Schools features information on whether they fell within an ongoing weather event or alert. Next, the Notebook would truncate the Hosted Feature Service in ArcGIS Online - that is, delete all the data - and then append the new data to the Hosted Feature ServiceAssociated Resources: This Notebook was used as part of the demo for FedGIS 2025. Below are the associated resources:Living Atlas Layer: NWS National Weather Events and AlertsLiving Atlas Layer: U.S. Public SchoolsArcGIS Demo Dashboard: Demo Impacted Schools Weather DashboardUpdatable Hosted Feature Service: HIFLD Public Schools with Event DataNotebook Requirements: This Notebook has the following requirements:This notebook requires ArcPy and is meant for use in ArcGIS Pro. However, it could be adjusted to work with Notebooks in ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Portal with the advanced runtime.If running from ArcGIS Pro, connect ArcGIS Pro to the ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Portal environment.Lastly, the user should have editable access to the hosted feature service to update.

The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), provides modeled wind speeds at multiple elevations. Instantaneous wind measurements were analyzed from more than 126,000 sites in the continental United States for the years 2007–2013. The model results were mapped on a 2-km grid. A subset of the contiguous United States data for 2012 is shown here. Offshore data is shown to 50 nautical miles.Time Extent: Annual 2012Units: m/sCell Size: 2 kmSource Type: StretchedPixel Type: 32 Bit FloatData Projection: GCS WGS84Mosaic Projection:  WGS 1984 Web MercatorExtent: Contiguous United StatesSource: NREL Wind Integration National Dataset v1.1WIND is an update and expansion of the Eastern Wind Integration Data Set and Western Wind Integration Data Set. It supports the next generation of wind integration studies.Accessing Elevation InformationEach of the 9 elevation slices can be accessed, visualized, and analyzed. In ArcGIS Pro, go to the Multidimensional Ribbon and use the Elevation pull-down menu. In ArcGIS Online, it is best to use Web Map Viewer Classic where the elevation slider will automatically appear on the righthand side. The elevation slider will be available in the new Map Viewer in an upcoming release. What can you do with this layer?This layer may be added to maps to visualize and quickly interrogate each pixel value. The pop-up provides the pixel’s wind speed value.This analytical imagery tile layer can be used in analysis. For example, the layer may be added to ArcGIS Pro and proposed wind turbine locations can be used to Sample the layer at multiple elevation to determine the optimal hub height. Source data can be accessed on Amazon Web ServicesUsers of the WIND Toolkit should use the following citations:Draxl, C., B.M. Hodge, A. Clifton, and J. McCaa. 2015. Overview and Meteorological Validation of the Wind Integration National Dataset Toolkit (Technical Report, NREL/TP-5000-61740). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Draxl, C., B.M. Hodge, A. Clifton, and J. McCaa. 2015. "The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit." Applied Energy 151: 355366.King, J., A. Clifton, and B.M. Hodge. 2014. Validation of Power Output for the WIND Toolkit (Technical Report, NREL/TP-5D00-61714). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of February 2023 and will be retired in December 2025. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version.This layer displays change in pixels of the Sentinel-2 10m Land Use/Land Cover product developed by Esri, Impact Observatory, and Microsoft. Available years to compare with 2021 are 2018, 2019 and 2020. By default, the layer shows all comparisons together, in effect showing what changed 2018-2021. But the layer may be changed to show one of three specific pairs of years, 2018-2021, 2019-2021, or 2020-2021.Showing just one pair of years in ArcGIS Online Map Viewer To show just one pair of years in ArcGIS Online Map viewer, create a filter. 1. Click the filter button. 2. Next, click add expression. 3. In the expression dialogue, specify a pair of years with the ProductName attribute. Use the following example in your expression dialogue to show only places that changed between 2020 and 2021:ProductNameis2020-2021 By default, places that do not change appear as a transparent symbol in ArcGIS Pro. But in ArcGIS Online Map Viewer, a transparent symbol may need to be set for these places after a filter is chosen. To do this: 4. Click the styles button.5. Under unique values click style options. 6. Click the symbol next to No Change at the bottom of the legend. 7. Click the slider next to "enable fill" to turn the symbol off. Showing just one pair of years in ArcGIS Pro To show just one pair of years in ArcGIS Pro, choose one of the layer's processing templates to single out a particular pair of years. The processing template applies a definition query that works in ArcGIS Pro. 1. To choose a processing template, right click the layer in the table of contents for ArcGIS Pro and choose properties. 2. In the dialogue that comes up, choose the tab that says processing templates. 3. On the right where it says processing template, choose the pair of years you would like to display. The processing template will stay applied for any analysis you may want to perform as well. How the change layer was created, combining LULC classes from two yearsImpact Observatory, Esri, and Microsoft used artificial intelligence to classify the world in 10 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) classes for the years 2017-2021. Mosaics serve the following sets of change rasters in a single global layer: Change between 2018 and 2021Change between 2019 and 2021Change between 2020 and 2021To make this change layer, Esri used an arithmetic operation combining the cells from a source year and 2021 to make a change index value. ((from year * 16) + to year) In the example of the change between 2020 and 2021, the from year (2020) was multiplied by 16, then added to the to year (2021). Then the combined number is served as an index in an 8 bit unsigned mosaic with an attribute table which describes what changed or did not change in that timeframe. Variable mapped: Change in land cover between 2018, 2019, or 2020 and 2021 Data Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)Mosaic Projection: WGS84Extent: GlobalSource imagery: Sentinel-2Cell Size: 10m (0.00008983152098239751 degrees)Type: ThematicSource: Esri Inc.Publication date: January 2022 What can you do with this layer?Global LULC maps provide information on conservation planning, food security, and hydrologic modeling, among other things. This dataset can be used to visualize land cover anywhere on Earth. This layer can also be used in analyses that require land cover input. For example, the Zonal Statistics tools allow a user to understand the composition of a specified area by reporting the total estimates for each of the classes. Land Cover processingThis map was produced by a deep learning model trained using over 5 billion hand-labeled Sentinel-2 pixels, sampled from over 20,000 sites distributed across all major biomes of the world. The underlying deep learning model uses 6 bands of Sentinel-2 surface reflectance data: visible blue, green, red, near infrared, and two shortwave infrared bands. To create the final map, the model is run on multiple dates of imagery throughout the year, and the outputs are composited into a final representative map. Processing platformSentinel-2 L2A/B data was accessed via Microsoft’s Planetary Computer and scaled using Microsoft Azure Batch. Class definitions1. WaterAreas where water was predominantly present throughout the year; may not cover areas with sporadic or ephemeral water; contains little to no sparse vegetation, no rock outcrop nor built up features like docks; examples: rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans, flooded salt plains.2. TreesAny significant clustering of tall (~15-m or higher) dense vegetation, typically with a closed or dense canopy; examples: wooded vegetation, clusters of dense tall vegetation within savannas, plantations, swamp or mangroves (dense/tall vegetation with ephemeral water or canopy too thick to detect water underneath).4. Flooded vegetationAreas of any type of vegetation with obvious intermixing of water throughout a majority of the year; seasonally flooded area that is a mix of grass/shrub/trees/bare ground; examples: flooded mangroves, emergent vegetation, rice paddies and other heavily irrigated and inundated agriculture.5. CropsHuman planted/plotted cereals, grasses, and crops not at tree height; examples: corn, wheat, soy, fallow plots of structured land.7. Built AreaHuman made structures; major road and rail networks; large homogenous impervious surfaces including parking structures, office buildings and residential housing; examples: houses, dense villages / towns / cities, paved roads, asphalt.8. Bare groundAreas of rock or soil with very sparse to no vegetation for the entire year; large areas of sand and deserts with no to little vegetation; examples: exposed rock or soil, desert and sand dunes, dry salt flats/pans, dried lake beds, mines.9. Snow/IceLarge homogenous areas of permanent snow or ice, typically only in mountain areas or highest latitudes; examples: glaciers, permanent snowpack, snow fields. 10. CloudsNo land cover information due to persistent cloud cover.11. Rangeland Open areas covered in homogenous grasses with little to no taller vegetation; wild cereals and grasses with no obvious human plotting (i.e., not a plotted field); examples: natural meadows and fields with sparse to no tree cover, open savanna with few to no trees, parks/golf courses/lawns, pastures. Mix of small clusters of plants or single plants dispersed on a landscape that shows exposed soil or rock; scrub-filled clearings within dense forests that are clearly not taller than trees; examples: moderate to sparse cover of bushes, shrubs and tufts of grass, savannas with very sparse grasses, trees or other plants.CitationKarra, Kontgis, et al. “Global land use/land cover with Sentinel-2 and deep learning.” IGARSS 2021-2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021.AcknowledgementsTraining data for this project makes use of the National Geographic Society Dynamic World training dataset, produced for the Dynamic World Project by National Geographic Society in partnership with Google and the World Resources Institute.For questions please email environment@esri.com

AbstractBuilt up area polygons represent where buildings are clustered together, such as urban areas. Layer can be used for activities such as monitoring urban growth, or responding to natural disasters. The product has been designed for AUSTopo - Australian Digital Topographic Map Series 250k.Built up area polygons designed for the AUSTopo - Australian Digital Topographic Map Series 250k. Feature class attributes include polygon area (in square metres) and feature type (builtup Area).This dataset provides valuable insights into the built environment of towns and cities, and serves as a crucial resource for urban planners, researchers, policymakers, and developers.CurrencyDate modified: 31 August 2023Modification frequency: Not PlannedData extentSpatial extentNorth: -10.15°South: -43.44°East: 153.64°West: 113.42°Temporal extentFrom 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2018Source informationThis dataset is generated from a publicly-available dataset: Bing Building Footprints, using the 'delineate built up area' tool in ArcGIS Pro.More information on the original source dataset can be found here.Catalogue entry: Built Up Areas DatasetLineage statementDataset was generated by using the Bing Building Footprints of Australia (October 2020) dataset as an input. Built up area layer was created using the delineate built up areas tool in ArcGIS Pro in April 2023. This layer was produced as part of the update of AUSTopo - Australian Digital Topographic Map Series 250k.The Digital Atlas of Australia team at Geoscience Australia have projected this dataset from GDA2020 to web mercator to accurately reflect in the web map. Minor changes to symbology have also been made to improve accessibility.The date of extraction 4 SEPTEMBER 2023.Data dictionaryAll layersAttribute nameDescriptionObject IDUnique identifier for the area polygonArea (sq. m)Measured area of the built-up regionFeature TypeAll features in this set are "Builtup Area"SHAPE LengthInternal - length of the polygon perimeterSHAPE AreaInternal - area of the generated polygonContactGeoscience Australia, clientservices@ga.gov.au

When rain falls over land, a portion of it runs off into stream channels and storm water systems while the remainder infiltrates into the soil or returns to the atmosphere directly through evaporation.Physical properties of soil affect the rate that water is absorbed and the amount of runoff produced by a storm. Hydrologic soil group provides an index of the rate that water infiltrates a soil and is an input to rainfall-runoff models that are used to predict potential stream flow.For more information on using hydrologic soil group in hydrologic modeling see the publication Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Release–55).Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Soil hydrologic groupUnits: ClassesCell Size: 30 metersSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerData Coordinate System: USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version (contiguous US, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands), WGS 1984 Albers (Alaska), Hawaii Albers Equal Area Conic (Hawaii), Western Pacific Albers Equal Area Conic (Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American Samoa)Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American SamoaSource: Natural Resources Conservation ServicePublication Date: December 2021ArcGIS Server URL: https://landscape11.arcgis.com/arcgis/Data from the gNATSGO database was used to create the layer for the contiguous United States, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The remaining areas were created with the gSSURGO database (Hawaii, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American Samoa).This layer is derived from the 30m (contiguous U.S.) and 10m rasters (all other regions) produced by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The value for hydrologic group is derived from the gSSURGO map unit aggregated attribute table field Hydrologic Group - Dominant Conditions (hydgrpdcd).The seven classes of hydrologic soil group followed by definitions:Group A - Group A soils consist of deep, well drained sands or gravelly sands with high infiltration and low runoff rates.Group B - Group B soils consist of deep well drained soils with a moderately fine to moderately coarse texture and a moderate rate of infiltration and runoff.Group C - Group C consists of soils with a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or fine textured soils and a slow rate of infiltration.Group D - Group D consists of soils with a very slow infiltration rate and high runoff potential. This group is composed of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils with a high water table, soils that have a clay pan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.Group A/D - Group A/D soils naturally have a very slow infiltration rate due to a high water table but will have high infiltration and low runoff rates if drained.Group B/D - Group B/D soils naturally have a very slow infiltration rate due to a high water table but will have a moderate rate of infiltration and runoff if drained.Group C/D - Group C/D soils naturally have a very slow infiltration rate due to a high water table but will have a slow rate of infiltration if drained.What can you do with this Layer? This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application.Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "soil hydrologic group" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "soil hydrologic group" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.In ArcGIS Pro you can use the built-in raster functions or create your own to create custom extracts of the data. Imagery layers provide fast, powerful inputs to geoprocessing tools, models, or Python scripts in Pro.Online you can filter the layer to show subsets of the data using the filter button and the layer's built-in raster functions.The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one.

This dynamic image service provides float values representing ground heights in meters, based on 3DEP seamless 1 arc-second data from USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP). Heights are orthometric (sea level = 0), and water bodies that are above sea level have approximated nominal water heights.Height units: MetersUpdate Frequency: AnnuallyCoverage: conterminous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, Territorial Islands of the United States; Canada and Mexico.Data Source: The data for this layer comes from 3DEP seamless 1 arc-second dataset from the USGS's 3D Elevation Program with original source data in its native coordinate system.What can you do with this layer?Use for Visualization: This layer is generally not optimal for direct visualization. By default, 32 bit floating point values are returned, resulting in higher bandwidth requirements. Therefore, usage should be limited to applications requiring elevation data values. Alternatively, client applications can select from numerous additional functions, applied on the server, that return rendered data. For visualizations such as hillshade, slope, consider using the appropriate server-side function defined on this service.

Use for Analysis: Yes. This layer provides data as floating point elevation values suitable for use in analysis. The layer is restricted to a 24,000 x 24,000 pixel limit.

NOTE: The image service uses North America Albers Equal Area Conic projection (WKID: 102008) and resamples the data dynamically to the requested projection, extent and pixel size. For analyses requiring the highest accuracy, when using ArcGIS Desktop, you will need to use native coordinates (GCS_North_American_1983, WKID: 4269) and specify the native resolutions (0.0002777777777779 degrees) as the cell size geoprocessing environment setting and ensure that the request is aligned with the source pixels.

Server Functions: This layer has server functions defined for the following elevation derivatives. In ArcGIS Pro, server function can be invoked from Layer Properties - Processing Templates. Slope Degrees Slope Percentage Aspect Hillshade Slope Degrees MapThis layer has query, identify, and export image services available. The layer is restricted to a 24,000 x 24,000 pixel limit.

This layer is part of a larger collection of elevation layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.

The dataset has combined the Parcels and Computer-Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA) data for 2023 into a single dataset. This dataset is designed to make it easier for stakeholders and the GIS community to use and access the information as a geospatial dataset. Included in this dataset are geometries for all 169 municipalities and attribution from the CAMA data for all but one municipality. Pursuant to Section 7-100l of the Connecticut General Statutes, each municipality is required to transmit a digital parcel file and an accompanying assessor’s database file (known as a CAMA report), to its respective regional council of governments (COG) by May 1 annually. These data were gathered from the CT municipalities by the COGs and then submitted to CT OPM. This dataset was created on 12/08/2023 from data collected in 2022-2023. Data was processed using Python scripts and ArcGIS Pro, ensuring standardization and integration of the data.CAMA Notes:The CAMA underwent several steps to standardize and consolidate the information. Python scripts were used to concatenate fields and create a unique identifier for each entry. The resulting dataset contains 1,353,595 entries and information on property assessments and other relevant attributes.CAMA was provided by the towns.Canaan parcels are viewable, but no additional information is available since no CAMA data was submitted.Spatial Data Notes:Data processing involved merging the parcels from different municipalities using ArcGIS Pro and Python. The resulting dataset contains 1,247,506 parcels.No alteration has been made to the spatial geometry of the data.Fields that are associated with CAMA data were provided by towns.The data fields that have information from the CAMA were sourced from the towns’ CAMA data.If no field for the parcels was provided for linking back to the CAMA by the town a new field within the original data was selected if it had a match rate above 50%, that joined back to the CAMA.Linking fields were renamed to "Link".All linking fields had a census town code added to the beginning of the value to create a unique identifier per town.Any field that was not town name, Location, Editor, Edit Date, or a field associated back to the CAMA, was not used in the creation of this Dataset.Only the fields related to town name, location, editor, edit date, and link fields associated with the towns’ CAMA were included in the creation of this dataset. Any other field provided in the original data was deleted or not used.Field names for town (Muni, Municipality) were renamed to "Town Name".

The World Terrestrial Ecosystems map classifies the world into areas of similar climate, landform, and land cover, which form the basic components of any terrestrial ecosystem structure. This map is important because it uses objectively derived and globally consistent data to characterize the ecosystems at a much finer spatial resolution (250-m) than existing ecoregionalizations, and a much finer thematic resolution (431 classes) than existing global land cover products. This item was updated on Apr 14, 2023 to distinguish between Boreal and Polar climate regions in the terrestrial ecosystems. Cell Size: 250-meter Source Type: ThematicPixel Type: 16 Bit UnsignedData Projection: GCS WGS84Extent: GlobalSource: USGS, The Nature Conservancy, EsriUpdate Cycle: NoneAnalysis: Optimized for analysis What can you do with this layer?This map allows you to query the land surface pixels and returns the values of all the input parameters (landform type, landcover/vegetation type, climate region) and the name of the terrestrial ecosystem at that location. This layer can be used in analysis at global and local regions. However, for large scale spatial analysis, we have also provided an ArcGIS Pro Package that contains the original raster data with multiple table attributes. For simple mapping applications, there is also a raster tile layer. This layer can be combined with the World Protected Areas Database to assess the types of ecosystems that are protected, and progress towards meeting conservation goals. The WDPA layer updates monthly from the United Nations Environment Programme. Optimized for analysis means this layer does not have size constraints for analysis and it is recommended for multisource analysis with other layers optimized for analysis. See the Living Atlas Imagery Layers Optimized for Analysis Group for a complete list of imagery layers optimized for analysis. Developing the World Terrestrial EcosystemsWorld Terrestrial Ecosystems map was produced by adopting and modifying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approach on the definition of Terrestrial Ecosystems and development of standardized global climate regions using the values of environmental moisture regime and temperature regime. We then combined the values of Global Climate Regions, Landforms and matrix-forming vegetation assemblage or land use, using the ArcGIS Combine tool (Spatial Analyst) to produce World Ecosystems Dataset. This combination resulted of 431 World Ecosystems classes. Each combination was assigned a color using an algorithm that blended traditional color schemes for each of the three components. Every pixel in this map is symbolized by a combination of values for each of these fields. The work from this collaboration is documented in the publication:Sayre et al. 2020. An assessment of the representation of ecosystems in global protected areas using new maps of World Climate Regions and World Ecosystems - Global Ecology and Conservation More information about World Terrestrial Ecosystems can be found in this Story Map.

Standardized data on large-scale and long-term patterns of species richness are critical for understanding the consequences of natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment. The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is one of the largest and most widely used sources of such data, but so far, little is known about the degree to which BBS data provide accurate estimates of regional richness. Here we test this question by comparing estimates of regional richness based on BBS data with spatially and temporally matched estimates based on state Breeding Bird Atlases (BBA). We expected that estimates based on BBA data would provide a more complete (and therefore, more accurate) representation of regional richness due to their larger number of observation units and higher sampling effort within the observation units. Our results were only partially consistent with these predictions: while estimates of regional richness based on BBA data were higher than those based on BBS data, estimates of local richness (number of species per observation unit) were higher in BBS data. The latter result is attributed to higher land-cover heterogeneity in BBS units and higher effectiveness of bird detection (more species are detected per unit time). Interestingly, estimates of regional richness based on BBA blocks were higher than those based on BBS data even when differences in the number of observation units were controlled for. Our analysis indicates that this difference was due to higher compositional turnover between BBA units, probably due to larger differences in habitat conditions between BBA units and a larger number of geographically restricted species. Our overall results indicate that estimates of regional richness based on BBS data suffer from incomplete detection of a large number of rare species, and that corrections of these estimates based on standard extrapolation techniques are not sufficient to remove this bias. Future applications of BBS data in ecology and conservation, and in particular, applications in which the representation of rare species is important (e.g., those focusing on biodiversity conservation), should be aware of this bias, and should integrate BBA data whenever possible.

Methods Overview

This is a compilation of second-generation breeding bird atlas data and corresponding breeding bird survey data. This contains presence-absence breeding bird observations in 5 U.S. states: MA, MI, NY, PA, VT, sampling effort per sampling unit, geographic location of sampling units, and environmental variables per sampling unit: elevation and elevation range from (from SRTM), mean annual precipitation & mean summer temperature (from PRISM), and NLCD 2006 land-use data.

Each row contains all observations per sampling unit, with additional tables containing information on sampling effort impact on richness, a rareness table of species per dataset, and two summary tables for both bird diversity and environmental variables.

The methods for compilation are contained in the supplementary information of the manuscript but also here:

Bird data

For BBA data, shapefiles for blocks and the data on species presences and sampling effort in blocks were received from the atlas coordinators. For BBS data, shapefiles for routes and raw species data were obtained from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (https://databasin.org/datasets/02fe0ebbb1b04111b0ba1579b89b7420 and https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBS/RawData).

Using ArcGIS Pro© 10.0, species observations were joined to respective BBS and BBA observation units shapefiles using the Join Table tool. For both BBA and BBS, a species was coded as either present (1) or absent (0). Presence in a sampling unit was based on codes 2, 3, or 4 in the original volunteer birding checklist codes (possible breeder, probable breeder, and confirmed breeder, respectively), and absence was based on codes 0 or 1 (not observed and observed but not likely breeding). Spelling inconsistencies of species names between BBA and BBS datasets were fixed. Species that needed spelling fixes included Brewer’s Blackbird, Cooper’s Hawk, Henslow’s Sparrow, Kirtland’s Warbler, LeConte’s Sparrow, Lincoln’s Sparrow, Swainson’s Thrush, Wilson’s Snipe, and Wilson’s Warbler. In addition, naming conventions were matched between BBS and BBA data. The Alder and Willow Flycatchers were lumped into Traill’s Flycatcher and regional races were lumped into a single species column: Dark-eyed Junco regional types were lumped together into one Dark-eyed Junco, Yellow-shafted Flicker was lumped into Northern Flicker, Saltmarsh Sparrow and the Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow were lumped into Saltmarsh Sparrow, and the Yellow-rumped Myrtle Warbler was lumped into Myrtle Warbler (currently named Yellow-rumped Warbler). Three hybrid species were removed: Brewster's and Lawrence's Warblers and the Mallard x Black Duck hybrid. Established “exotic” species were included in the analysis since we were concerned only with detection of richness and not of specific species.

The resultant species tables with sampling effort were pivoted horizontally so that every row was a sampling unit and each species observation was a column. This was done for each state using R version 3.6.2 (R© 2019, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform) and all state tables were merged to yield one BBA and one BBS dataset. Following the joining of environmental variables to these datasets (see below), BBS and BBA data were joined using rbind.data.frame in R© to yield a final dataset with all species observations and environmental variables for each observation unit.

Environmental data

Using ArcGIS Pro© 10.0, all environmental raster layers, BBA and BBS shapefiles, and the species observations were integrated in a common coordinate system (North_America Equidistant_Conic) using the Project tool. For BBS routes, 400m buffers were drawn around each route using the Buffer tool. The observation unit shapefiles for all states were merged (separately for BBA blocks and BBS routes and 400m buffers) using the Merge tool to create a study-wide shapefile for each data source. Whether or not a BBA block was adjacent to a BBS route was determined using the Intersect tool based on a radius of 30m around the route buffer (to fit the NLCD map resolution). Area and length of the BBS route inside the proximate BBA block were also calculated. Mean values for annual precipitation and summer temperature, and mean and range for elevation, were extracted for every BBA block and 400m buffer BBS route using Zonal Statistics as Table tool. The area of each land-cover type in each observation unit (BBA block and BBS buffer) was calculated from the NLCD layer using the Zonal Histogram tool.

This data is utilized in the Lesson 1.1 What is Climate activity on the MI EnviroLearning Hub Climate Change page.Station data accessed was accessed from NOAA. Data was imported into ArcGIS Pro where Coordinate Table to Point was used to spatially enable the originating CSV. This feature service, which incorporates Census Designated Places from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics, was used to spatially join weather stations to the nearest incorporated area throughout Michigan.Email Egle-Maps@Michigan.gov for questions.Former name: MichiganStationswAvgs19912020_WithinIncoproatedArea_UpdatedName Display Name Field Name Description

STATION_ID MichiganStationswAvgs19912020_W Station ID where weather data is collected

STATION MichiganStationswAvgs19912020_1 Station name where weather data is collected

ELEVATION MichiganStationswAvgs19912020_6 Elevation above mean sea level-meters

MLY-PRCP-NORMAL MichiganStationswAvgs19912020_8 Long-term averages of monthly precipitation total-inches

MLY-TAVG-NORMAL MichiganStationswAvgs19912020_9 Long-term averages of monthly average temperature -F

OID MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_10 Object ID for weather dataset

Join_Count MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_11 Spatial join count of weather station data to specific weather station

TARGET_FID MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_12 Spatial Join ID

Current place ANSI code MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_13 Census codes for identification of geographic entities (used for join)

Geographic Identifier MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_14 Geographic identifier (used for join)

Current class code MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_15 Class (CLASSFP) code defines the current class of a geographic entity

Current functional status MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_16 Status of weather station

Area of Land (Square Meters) MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_17 Area of land in square meters

Area of Water (Square Meters) MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_18 Area of water in square meters

Current latitude of the internal point MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_19 Latitude

Current longitude of the internal point MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_20 Longitude

Name MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_21 Location name of weather station

Current consolidated city GNIS code MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_22 Geographic Names Information System for an incorporated area

OBJECTID MichiganStationswAvgs1991202_23 Object ID for point dataset

The combined processes of evaporation and transpiration, known as evapotranspiration (ET), plays a key role in the water cycle. Precipitation that falls on land can either run off in streams and rivers, soak into the ground, or return to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Water that evaporates returns directly to the atmosphere while water that is transpired is taken up by plant roots and lost to the atmosphere through the leaves.Evapotranspiration data can be used to calculate regional water and energy balance and soil water status and provides key information for water resource management. Potential evapotranspiration, the amount of ET that would occur if soil moisture were not limited, is a purely meteorological characteristic, based on air temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed. Actual evapotranspiration also depends on water availability, so it might occur at very close to the potential rate in a rainforest, but be much lower in a desert despite the higher potential there.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: EvapotranspirationUnits: Millimeters per yearCell Size: 927.6623821756539 metersSource Type: ContinuousPixel Type: 16-bit unsigned integerData Coordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global Source: University of Montana Numerical Terradynamic Simulation GroupPublication Date: March 10, 2015ArcGIS Server URL: https://landscape6.arcgis.com/arcgis/This layer provides access to a 1km cell sized raster of average annual evaporative loss from the land surface, measured in mm/year. Data are from the MOD16 Global Evapotranspiration Product, which is derived from MODIS imagery by a team of researchers at the University of Montana. This algorithm, which involves estimating land surface temperature and albedo and using them to solve the Penman-Monteith equation, is not valid over urban or barren land so these are shown as NoData, as is any open water. For all other pixels, the algorithm was used to estimate evapotranspiration for every 8-day period from 2000 to 2014 and these estimates have been averaged together to come up with the annual normal. You can also get access to the monthly totals using the MODIS Toolbox.What can you do with this Layer? This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application.Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "evapotranspiration" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "evapotranspiration" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.In ArcGIS Pro you can use the built-in raster functions or create your own to create custom extracts of the data. Imagery layers provide fast, powerful inputs to geoprocessing tools, models, or Python scripts in Pro.The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one.

Generalised version at 1:100:000 scale with the LGA boundaries dissolved of the BUSHFIRE_PRONE_AREA dataset. Polygon features identify designated Bushfire Prone Areas where specific bushfire building construction requirements apply. The municipal areas of Melbourne, Yarra, Maribyrnong, Moonee Valley, Darebin, Boroondara, Stonnington, Glen Eira, Moreland, Port Phillip and Bayside do not have any designated bushfire prone areas. The original boundaries were gazetted on 7 Sep 2011. Changes to the boundaries have been gazetted on 25 Oct 2012, 8 Oct 2013, 30 Dec 2013, 3 June 2014, 22 Oct 2014, 19 August 2015, 21 April 2016, 18 October 2016, 02 June 2017, 06 November 2017, 16 May 2018, 16 Oct 2018 and 4 Apr 2019, 24 March 2020, 7 September 2020, 1 Feburary 2021, 6 July 2021.

Bushfire prone areas (BPA) of Victoria review 18, gazetted 06/07/2021. The BPA map depicts locations where new buildings, alterations and/or additions must meet the `bushfire prone area¿ requirements of the National Construction Code and a minimum Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) 12.5 construction standard (Section 192A Building Act 1993 - Bushfire Prone Areas determination, and construction requirements of the Building Regulations 2018). This data set has been simplified using ArcGIS Pro 2.5.0 - Generalize Tool with a 50m tolerance

Rising sea levels (SLR) will cause coastal groundwater to rise in many coastal urban environments. Inundation of contaminated soils by groundwater rise (GWR) will alter the physical, biological, and geochemical conditions that influence the fate and transport of existing contaminants. These transformed products can be more toxic and/or more mobile under future conditions driven by SLR and GWR. We reviewed the vulnerability of contaminated sites to GWR in a US national database and in a case comparison with the San Francisco Bay region to estimate the risk of rising groundwater to human and ecosystem health. The results show that 326 sites in the US Superfund program may be vulnerable to changes in groundwater depth or flow direction as a result of SLR, representing 18.1 million hectares of contaminated land. In the San Francisco Bay Area, we found that GWR is predicted to impact twice as much coastal land area as inundation from SLR alone, and 5,297 state-managed sites of contamination may be vulnerable to inundation from GWR in a 1-meter SLR scenario. Increases of only a few centimeters of elevation can mobilize soil contaminants, alter flow directions in a heterogeneous urban environment with underground pipes and utility trenches, and result in new exposure pathways. Pumping for flood protection will elevate the salt water interface, changing groundwater salinity and mobilizing metals in soil. Socially vulnerable communities are more exposed to this risk at both the national scale and in a regional comparison with the San Francisco Bay Area. Methods Data Dryad This data set includes data from the California State Water Resources Control Board (WRCB), the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), the USGS, the US EPA, and the US Census. National Assessment Data Processing: For this portion of the project, ArcGIS Pro and RStudio software applications were used. Data processing for superfund site contaminants in the text and supplementary materials was done in RStudio using R programming language. RStudio and R were also used to clean population data from the American Community Survey. Packages used include: Dplyr, data.table, and tidyverse to clean and organize data from the EPA and ACS. ArcGIS Pro was used to compute spatial data regarding sites in the risk zone and vulnerable populations. DEM data processed for each state removed any elevation data above 10m, keeping anything 10m and below. The Intersection tool was used to identify superfund sites within the 10m sea level rise risk zone. The Calculate Geometry tool was used to calculate the area within each coastal state that was occupied by the 10m SLR zone and used again to calculate the area of each superfund site. Summary Statistics were used to generate the total proportion of superfund site surface area / 10m SLR area for each state. To generate population estimates of socially vulnerable households in proximity to superfund sites, we followed methods similar to that of Carter and Kalman (2020). First, we generated buffers at the 1km, 3km, and 5km distance of superfund sites. Then, using Tabulate Intersection, the estimated population of each census block group within each buffer zone was calculated. Summary Statistics were used to generate total numbers for each state. Bay Area Data Processing: In this regional study, we compared the groundwater elevation projections by Befus et al (2020) to a combined dataset of contaminated sites that we built from two separate databases (Envirostor and GeoTracker) that are maintained by two independent agencies of the State of California (DTSC and WRCB). We used ArcGIS to manage both the groundwater surfaces, as raster files, from Befus et al (2020) and the State’s point datasets of street addresses for contaminated sites. We used SF BCDC (2020) as the source of social vulnerability rankings for census blocks, using block shapefiles from the US Census (ACS) dataset. In addition, we generated isolines that represent the magnitude of change in groundwater elevation in specific sea level rise scenarios. We compared these isolines of change in elevation to the USGS geological map of the San Francisco Bay region and noted that groundwater is predicted to rise farther inland where Holocene paleochannels meet artificial fill near the shoreline. We also used maps of historic baylands (altered by dikes and fill) from the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) to identify the number of contaminated sites over rising groundwater that are located on former mudflats and tidal marshes. The contaminated sites' data from the California State Water Resources Control Board (WRCB) and the Department of Toxic Substances (DTSC) was clipped to our study area of nine-bay area counties. The study area does not include the ocean shorelines or the north bay delta area because the water system dynamics differ in deltas. The data was cleaned of any duplicates within each dataset using the Find Identical and Delete Identical tools. Then duplicates between the two datasets were removed by running the intersect tool for the DTSC and WRCB point data. We chose this method over searching for duplicates by name because some sites change names when management is transferred from DTSC to WRCB. Lastly, the datasets were sorted into open and closed sites based on the DTSC and WRCB classifications which are shown in a table in the paper's supplemental material. To calculate areas of rising groundwater, we used data from the USGS paper “Projected groundwater head for coastal California using present-day and future sea-level rise scenarios” by Befus, K. M., Barnard, P., Hoover, D. J., & Erikson, L. (2020). We used the hydraulic conductivity of 1 condition (Kh1) to calculate areas of rising groundwater. We used the Raster Calculator to subtract the existing groundwater head from the groundwater head under a 1-meter of sea level rise scenario to find the areas where groundwater is rising. Using the Reclass Raster tool, we reclassified the data to give every cell with a value of 0.1016 meters (4”) or greater a value of 1. We chose 0.1016 because groundwater rise of that little can leach into pipes and infrastructure. We then used the Raster to Poly tool to generate polygons of areas of groundwater rise.

This layer contains the relative heat severity for every pixel for every city in the United States. This 30-meter raster was derived from Landsat 8 imagery band 10 (ground-level thermal sensor) from the summers of 2019 and 2020.Federal statistics over a 30-year period show extreme heat is the leading cause of weather-related deaths in the United States. Extreme heat exacerbated by urban heat islands can lead to increased respiratory difficulties, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. These heat impacts significantly affect the most vulnerable—children, the elderly, and those with preexisting conditions.The purpose of this layer is to show where certain areas of cities are hotter than the average temperature for that same city as a whole. Severity is measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being a relatively mild heat area (slightly above the mean for the city), and 5 being a severe heat area (significantly above the mean for the city). The absolute heat above mean values are classified into these 5 classes using the Jenks Natural Breaks classification method, which seeks to reduce the variance within classes and maximize the variance between classes. Knowing where areas of high heat are located can help a city government plan for mitigation strategies.This dataset represents a snapshot in time. It will be updated yearly, but is static between updates. It does not take into account changes in heat during a single day, for example, from building shadows moving. The thermal readings detected by the Landsat 8 sensor are surface-level, whether that surface is the ground or the top of a building. Although there is strong correlation between surface temperature and air temperature, they are not the same. We believe that this is useful at the national level, and for cities that don’t have the ability to conduct their own hyper local temperature survey. Where local data is available, it may be more accurate than this dataset. Dataset SummaryThis dataset was developed using proprietary Python code developed at The Trust for Public Land, running on the Descartes Labs platform through the Descartes Labs API for Python. The Descartes Labs platform allows for extremely fast retrieval and processing of imagery, which makes it possible to produce heat island data for all cities in the United States in a relatively short amount of time.What can you do with this layer?This layer has query, identify, and export image services available. Since it is served as an image service, it is not necessary to download the data; the service itself is data that can be used directly in any Esri geoprocessing tool that accepts raster data as input.In order to click on the image service and see the raw pixel values in a map viewer, you must be signed in to ArcGIS Online, then Enable Pop-Ups and Configure Pop-Ups.Using the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Image ServicesThe data is made available as an image service. There is a processing template applied that supplies the yellow-to-red or blue-to-red color ramp, but once this processing template is removed (you can do this in ArcGIS Pro or ArcGIS Desktop, or in QGIS), the actual data values come through the service and can be used directly in a geoprocessing tool (for example, to extract an area of interest). Following are instructions for doing this in Pro.In ArcGIS Pro, in a Map view, in the Catalog window, click on Portal. In the Portal window, click on the far-right icon representing Living Atlas. Search on the acronyms “tpl” and “uhi”. The results returned will be the UHI image services. Right click on a result and select “Add to current map” from the context menu. When the image service is added to the map, right-click on it in the map view, and select Properties. In the Properties window, select Processing Templates. On the drop-down menu at the top of the window, the default Processing Template is either a yellow-to-red ramp or a blue-to-red ramp. Click the drop-down, and select “None”, then “OK”. Now you will have the actual pixel values displayed in the map, and available to any geoprocessing tool that takes a raster as input. Below is a screenshot of ArcGIS Pro with a UHI image service loaded, color ramp removed, and symbology changed back to a yellow-to-red ramp (a classified renderer can also be used): Other Sources of Heat Island InformationPlease see these websites for valuable information on heat islands and to learn about exciting new heat island research being led by scientists across the country:EPA’s Heat Island Resource CenterDr. Ladd Keith, University of ArizonaDr. Ben McMahan, University of Arizona Dr. Jeremy Hoffman, Science Museum of Virginia Dr. Hunter Jones, NOAA Daphne Lundi, Senior Policy Advisor, NYC Mayor's Office of Recovery and ResiliencyDisclaimer/FeedbackWith nearly 14,000 cities represented, checking each city's heat island raster for quality assurance would be prohibitively time-consuming, so The Trust for Public Land checked a statistically significant sample size for data quality. The sample passed all quality checks, with about 98.5% of the output cities error-free, but there could be instances where the user finds errors in the data. These errors will most likely take the form of a line of discontinuity where there is no city boundary; this type of error is caused by large temperature differences in two adjacent Landsat scenes, so the discontinuity occurs along scene boundaries (see figure below). The Trust for Public Land would appreciate feedback on these errors so that version 2 of the national UHI dataset can be improved. Contact Pete.Aniello@tpl.org with feedback.Terms of UseYou understand and agree, and will advise any third party to whom you give any or all of the data, that The Trust for Public Land is neither responsible nor liable for any viruses or other contamination of your system arising from use of The Trust for Public Land’s data nor for any delays, inaccuracies, errors or omissions arising out of the use of the data. The Trust for Public Land’s data is distributed and transmitted "as is" without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including without limitation, warranties of title or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The Trust for Public Land is not responsible for any claim of loss of profit or any special, direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, and/or punitive damages that may arise from the use of the data. If you or any person to whom you make the data available are downloading or using the data for any visual output, attribution for same will be given in the following format: "This [document, map, diagram, report, etc.] was produced using data, in whole or in part, provided by The Trust for Public Land."

The human footprint is rapidly expanding, and wildlife habitat is continuously being converted to human residential properties. Surviving wildlife that reside in developing areas are displaced to nearby undeveloped areas. However, some animals can co-exist with humans and acquire the necessary resources (food, water, shelter) within the human environment. This may be particularly true when development is low intensity, as in residential suburban yards. Yards are individually managed “greenspaces” that can provide a range of food (e.g., bird feeders, compost, gardens), water (bird baths and garden ponds), and shelter resources (e.g., brush-piles, outbuildings) and are surrounded by varying landscape cover. To evaluate which residential landscape and yard features influence the richness and diversity of mammalian herbivores and mesopredators; we deployed wildlife game cameras in 46 residential yards in summer 2021 and 96 yards in summer 2022. We found that mesopredator diversity had a negative relationship with fences and was positively influenced by the number of bird feeders present in a yard. Mesopredator richness increased with the amount of forest within 400m of the camera. Herbivore diversity and richness were positively correlated to the area of forest within 400m surrounding yard and by garden area within yards, respectively. Our results suggest that while landscape does play a role in the presence of wildlife in a residential area, homeowners also have agency over the richness and diversity of mammals occurring in their yards based on the features they create or maintain on their properties. Methods 2.1 Study Sites Our study took place from 4 April to 4 August 2021 and 2022 within an 80.5 km radius of downtown Fayetteville, Arkansas USA. Northwest Arkansas is a rapidly developing area with a current population of approximately 349,000 people. Fayetteville is located in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion and the landscape is primarily forested by mixed hardwood trees with open areas used for cattle pastures and some scattered agriculture. Our study took place in residential yards ranging from downtown Fayetteville to yards situated in more rural areas. We solicited volunteers from the Arkansas Master Naturalist Program and the University of Arkansas Department of Biological Sciences who allowed us to place cameras in their yards. We attempted to choose yards that represented the continuum of urban to rural settings and provided a range of yard features to which wildlife was likely to respond to. 2.2 Camera Setup To document the presence of wildlife in residential yards, we deployed motion-triggered wildlife cameras (Browning StrikeForce or Spypoint ForceDark) in numerous residential yards (46 yards in 2021 and 96 yards in 2022). We placed cameras approximately 0.95 m above the ground on either a tripod or a tree and at least 5 m from houses and at most 100 m from houses. When possible, we positioned cameras near features such as compost piles, water sources (natural or man-made), and fence lines to maximize detections of wildlife. We coordinated with homeowners to choose locations that would not interfere with yard maintenance or compromise homeowner privacy. We placed cameras in both front and back yards, although most cameras were placed in backyards. Backyards often had more features predicted to be of interest to wildlife (Belaire et al., 2015) and cameras placed in backyards were less likely to have false triggers associated with vehicular traffic or be vulnerable to theft. When necessary, we removed small amounts of vegetation that may have blocked the view of the camera or triggered the camera although this was always done on such a small scale as not alter the environment but just to clear the view of the camera. We set cameras to trigger with motion and take bursts of 3 photographs per trigger with a 5 s reset time. We did not use any bait or lures. We checked and downloaded cameras every 2 weeks to check batteries and download data. We moved cameras around the same yard upwards of 3 times within the season to ensure we captured the full range of wildlife present in each yard. At each yard, we recorded eight variables associated with food, water, or shelter features in the yard area surrounding the camera, these variables were recorded in both front and backyard (Table 1). First, we recorded the area of maintained gardens occurring in each yard. Next, we recorded the volume of potential den sites available in each yard. Potential denning sites included the total available area under sheds and outbuildings as well as decking that was less than 0.3 meters off the ground and provided opportunities for wildlife to burrow beneath and be sheltered. Similarly, we also measured the volume of all brush and firewood piles present in each yard that could be used by smaller wildlife species for shelter or foraging. We counted the number of bird feeders in each yard that were regularly maintained during the study period. We also counted the number of water sources available including bird baths and garden ponds (any human subsidized water source on the ground usually within a lined basin or container). We distinguished between these types of water sources in analyses because bird baths were likely not available to all wildlife because of their height. We also categorized the presence and type of natural water source present in each yard including vernal streams, permanent streams or ponds, rivers, or lakes. We also recorded the presence of agricultural animals (such as chickens or ducks) and pets (type and indoor/outdoor) present in each yard (although we ultimately excluded the presence of pets from analyses – see below). We documented whether the part of the yard where each camera was deployed was surrounded by a fence and if so, we categorized the fence type based upon its permeability to wildlife. We categorized fences into one of four categories ranging from those that posed little barrier to wildlife movement to those that were impassable to most species. For example, fences in our first category presented relatively little resistance to wildlife movement (i.e., barbed wire). A second category of fence consisted of fences made of semi-spaced wood slats or beams that offered enough room for most animals to squeeze through but that may have prevented passage of the largest bodied of the species. Fences that were about at least 1 m in height, but were closed off on the bottom (i.e., privacy or chain-link), meaning that few wildlife would be able to pass through without climbing or jumping over were placed in a third category. Finally, the fourth category of fences were those that were 1.8 m or greater in height and were made from a solid material that would prevent all wildlife except capable climbers from entering. 2.3 Landscape Variables We used a GIS (ArcGIS Pro 10.2; ESRI, Inc. Redlands Inc) to plot the location of all cameras and to quantify the composition of the surrounding landscape. We first created 400m buffers around each camera, to encompass the average home range area of most wildlife species likely to occur in suburban yards (e.g., Trent and Rongtad, 1974; Hoffman and Gotschang, 1977; Atkins and Stott, 1998). Within each buffer, we calculated the amount of forest cover, developed open land (e.g., cemeteries, parks, and grass lawns), agriculture, and development using the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Dewitz 2019). We also quantified the maximum housing unit density (HUD) around each camera using the SILVIS Housing Data Layer (Hammer et al., 2004). Finally, we calculated the straight-line distance from each camera to the nearest downtown city center (Fayetteville, Rogers, Bentonville, or Eureka Springs). Distance to downtown is an additional index of urbanization and human activity that has been correlated with animal behavior in this area (DeGregorio et al. 2021). Table 1 Description of all variables predicted to affect diversity and richness of mammals in residential yards within 80km of downtown Fayetteville, Arkansas USA during the April- August of 2021 and 2022.

Landscape Variables

Variable Statistics

Range

Average ( 1 SD)

Forest Cover

Area of forest cover within 400m buffer

0-0.45

0.18 0.13

Open Land

Area of open land, (parks, cemeteries, and lawns) within 400m buffer

0.003-0.31

0.09 0.06

Agricultural Land

Area of land used for agricultural purposes within 400m buffer

0-0.43

0.08 0.11

Developed Land

Area of developed land within 400m buffer

0-0.47

0.13

Housing Unit Density (HUD)

Maximum Housing Unit Density within 400m buffer of camera (houses/ )

1-5095

657

Yard Variables

Volume of Denning Sites

Volume under sheds/outbuildings and under decks less than 1m off the ground ( )

0-700

27.3

Volume of Brush/Firewood Piles

Total volume of denning sites including brush and firewood piles ( )

0-335.94

42.99 69.16

Water Source

Number of human-maintained water sources

0-7

1

• Bird Bath

Water source that is raised off the ground, so much so that animals that cannot climb or jump cannot access it

0-7

• Garden Pond

Water source on or embedded within the ground

0-3

0 1

Bird Feeder

Number of bird feeders present in yard

0-19

4

Garden

Area of total maintained gardens ( )

0-525

46.13 85.13

Compost Pile

Area of compost pile

0-12

0.64

Fence Type

If a camera was within a fence, it was given a score between 1-4, 1 being the most permeable fence and 4 being the most impassable to terrestrial mammals. 0: not in a fence 1: Barbed wire 2: Open slat fence 3: 1.2 m Chain-link or Privacy 4: 1.8 m chain-link or Privacy

NA

NA

Poultry Presence

Presence or absence of poultry being kept in yard

NA

NA

Water

Score of presence or absence of natural water source. 0: No natural water source 1: Vernal

This map is the subset of the World Terrestrial Ecosystems map, prepared specifcally for the Pacific Region. The World Terrestrial Ecosystems map classifies the world into areas of similar climate, landform, and land cover, which form the basic components of any terrestrial ecosystem structure. This map is important because it uses objectively derived and globally consistent data to characterize the ecosystems at a much finer spatial resolution (250-m) than existing ecoregionalizations, and a much finer thematic resolution (431 classes) than existing global land cover products.Cell Size: 250-meter Source Type: ThematicPixel Type: 16 Bit UnsignedData Projection: GCS WGS84Extent: GlobalSource: USGS, The Nature Conservancy, EsriUpdate Cycle: NoneWhat can you do with this layer?This map allows you to query the land surface pixels and returns the values of all the input parameters (landform type, landcover/vegetation type, climate region) and the name of the terrestrial ecosystem at that location.This layer can be used in analysis at global and local regions. However, for large scale spatial analysis, we have also provided an ArcGIS Pro Package that contains the original raster data with multiple table attributes. For simple mapping applications, there is also a raster tile layer. This layer can be combined with the World Protected Areas Database to assess the types of ecosystems that are protected, and progress towards meeting conservation goals. The WDPA layer updates monthly from the United Nations Environment Programme.Developing the World Terrestrial EcosystemsWorld Terrestrial Ecosystems map was produced by adopting and modifying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approach on the definition of Terrestrial Ecosystems and development of standardized global climate regions using the values of environmental moisture regime and temperature regime. We then combined the values of Global Climate Regions, Landforms and matrix-forming vegetation assemblage or land use, using the ArcGIS Combine tool (Spatial Analyst) to produce World Ecosystems Dataset. This combination resulted of 431 World Ecosystems classes.Each combination was assigned a color using an algorithm that blended traditional color schemes for each of the three components. Every pixel in this map is symbolized by a combination of values for each of these fields.The work from this collaboration is documented in the publication:Sayre et al. 2020. An assessment of the representation of ecosystems in global protected areas using new maps of World Climate Regions and World Ecosystems - Global Ecology and Conservation More information about World Terrestrial Ecosystems can be found in this Story Map.

The state of Tennessee is divided into 805 individual 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) maintains an archive of paper maps that were utilized for estimating groundwater well locations. Each well location was plotted by hand and marked with corresponding water well data. These hand-plotted locations represent the most accurate spatial information for each well but exist solely in paper format. To create the shapefile of the well location data for this data release, individual paper maps were scanned and georeferenced. From these georeferenced map images (GRI), the hand-plotted well locations were digitized into a shapefile of point data using ArcGIS Pro. The shapefile is contained in "TN_waterwell.zip," which contains locations for 8,826 points from the first 200 7.5-minute quadrangles in Tennessee (sorted alphabetically) from Adair 438NW through Harriman 123NE. While some spring locations are included in this dataset, it does not provide a comprehensive collection of spring data. Attribute data includes quad name, drawing number, and hand-written identification data that was transcribed from the topographic maps. Latitude and longitude coordinates (decimal degrees) were populated. Data projection is USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS (meters). A table of attribute data is included in this data release as "TN_waterwells_table.xlsx." Detailed descriptions of the attributes can be found in the accompanying metadata file named "TN_waterwells_metadata.xml."

This layer is a time series of the annual ESA CCI (Climate Change Initiative) land cover maps of the world. ESA has produced land cover maps for the years since 1992. These are available at the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative website.Time Extent: 1992-2019Cell Size: 300 meterSource Type: ThematicPixel Type: 8 Bit UnsignedData Projection: GCS WGS84Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: GlobalSource: ESA Climate Change InitiativeUpdate Cycle: AnnualWhat can you do with this layer?This layer may be added to ArcGIS Online maps and applications and shown in a time series to watch a "time lapse" view of land cover change since 1992 for any part of the world. The same behavior exists when the layer is added to ArcGIS Pro.In addition to displaying all layers in a series, this layer may be queried so that only one year is displayed in a map. This layer can be used in analysis. For example, the layer may be added to ArcGIS Pro with a query set to display just one year. Then, an area count of land cover types may be produced for a feature dataset using the zonal statistics tool. Statistics may be compared with the statistics from other years to show a trend.To sum up area by land cover using this service, or any other analysis, be sure to use an equal area projection, such as Albers or Equal Earth.Different Classifications Available to MapFive processing templates are included in this layer. The processing templates may be used to display a smaller set of land cover classes.Cartographic Renderer (Default Template)Displays all ESA CCI land cover classes.*Forested lands TemplateThe forested lands template shows only forested lands (classes 50-90).Urban Lands TemplateThe urban lands template shows only urban areas (class 190).Converted Lands TemplateThe converted lands template shows only urban lands and lands converted to agriculture (classes 10-40 and 190).Simplified RendererDisplays the map in ten simple classes which match the ten simplified classes used in 2050 Land Cover projections from Clark University.Any of these variables can be displayed or analyzed by selecting their processing template. In ArcGIS Online, select the Image Display Options on the layer. Then pull down the list of variables from the Renderer options. Click Apply and Close. In ArcGIS Pro, go into the Layer Properties. Select Processing Templates from the left hand menu. From the Processing Template pull down menu, select the variable to display.Using TimeBy default, the map will display as a time series animation, one year per frame. A time slider will appear when you add this layer to your map. To see the most current data, move the time slider until you see the most current year.In addition to displaying the past quarter century of land cover maps as an animation, this time series can also display just one year of data by use of a definition query. For a step by step example using ArcGIS Pro on how to display just one year of this layer, as well as to compare one year to another, see the blog called Calculating Impervious Surface Change.Hierarchical ClassificationLand cover types are defined using the land cover classification (LCCS) developed by the United Nations, FAO. It is designed to be as compatible as possible with other products, namely GLCC2000, GlobCover 2005 and 2009.This is a heirarchical classification system. For example, class 60 means "closed to open" canopy broadleaved deciduous tree cover. But in some places a more specific type of broadleaved deciduous tree cover may be available. In that case, a more specific code 61 or 62 may be used which specifies "open" (61) or "closed" (62) cover.CitationESA. Land Cover CCI Product User Guide Version 2. Tech. Rep. (2017). Available at: maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/download/ESACCI-LC-Ph2-PUGv2_2.0.pdfMore technical documentation on the source datasets is available here:https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/satellite-land-cover?tab=doc

The NVIS vegetation attributes contain information on vegetation structure (growth form, height and cover) and floristics (genus and species) as documented in the Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual Version 7.0 (NVIS Technical Working Group, 2017). The NVIS detailed Level 1-6 vegetation descriptions make up theNVIS Information Hierarchy andare used to assign the Major Vegetation Groups and Major Vegetation Subgroups classifications. The hierarchy is based on structural and floristic information including dominant genus, growth form, height and cover and are preferably collected at the Level 6 Sub-Association (sub-stratum) level. For many reasons including different scales and classification methods, not all data is collected at this level of detail. Currently there are over 19,500 distinct NVIS vegetation descriptions in the NVIS database. For more information refer to the Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual.These detailed vector data products may be used at a regional scale and allow for more complex analyses when joined with the associated Lookup Table of Flat File. They are available in Present (Extant) and Estimated Pre-1750 (pre-European - where available) themes. Data is available under CC BY. It is recommended the datasets be used alongside the Key Layers to better understand the source data attributes such as differing scales, age of data etc.For this update, Version 7.0, the extant datasets for Queensland, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Tasmania have been updated. An automated, data-driven procedure, followed by thorough manual checks, was undertaken to make any necessary updates to MVG/MVS assignments for Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Tasmania. Conversely, Queensland directly provided the MVG/MVS assignments for the state.This dataset is not comparable with earlier versions of NVIS.Reference: NVIS Technical Working Group (2017) Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual: National Vegetation Information System, Version 7.0. Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Prep by Bolton, M.P., de Lacey, C. and Bossard, K.B. (Eds)USE INSTRUCTIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Datasets:the File Geodatabase contains the following information:ItemExplanationNVIS7_0_AUST_EXT_{State}This dataset is a vector layer delineating the extant ('present') native vegetation types across Australia as a feature class for each State or TerritoryNVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_DETAILThis table: is a lookup table containing NVIS Version 7.0 vegetation descriptions. The table contains a total of 19,519 NVIS vegetation types.NVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_FLATThis table is a lookup table containing NVIS Version 7.0 vegetation descriptions in a simpler, deconstructed table, allowing for improved analyses and use of the NVIS detailed vegetation descriptions. The table contains a total of 19,519 NVIS vegetation types.Table Joins:NVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_DETAILThis table joins to the NVIS 7.0 spatial data for all states and territories (NVIS_ID in this table to NVISDSC1 in NVIS7_0_AUST_EXT_[STATE] and NVIS7_0_AUST_PRE_[STATE] ). For complex analyses and to extract maximum information from NVIS spatial data, this LUT can also be linked to NVISDSC2-6. It is recommended that users refer to the Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual V7.0 for understanding of the NVIS hierarchy (Level 1-6 descriptions) -https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/land/publications/australian-vegetation-attribute-manual-version-7.Once this table has been joined, a simple display option is to use the field "NVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_DETAIL.MVG_NAME" (or MVS_NAME if preferred) which includes the names of the NVIS Major Vegetation Groups (MVGs).A legend or 'shadeset' for the MVGs and MVSs can be found packaged with the detailed vector data: NVIS7_0_AUST_EXT_[STATE] and NVIS7_0_AUST_PRE_[STATE].Use the field "MVG_NUMBER" or "MVS_NUMBER" for the symbology.NVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_FLATFor complex analyses and to extract maximum information from NVIS spatial data, this LUT can also be linked to NVISDSC1-6. This LUT is a deconstruction of the Level 5 string within the NVIS detailed data (for NVIS Level 1-6 strings use NVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_DETAIL) where provided by the state/territory (not all veg descriptions have Level 5/6). It is recommended that users refer to the Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual V7.0 for understanding of the NVIS hierarchy (Level 1-6 descriptions) and structural information -https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/land/publications/australian-vegetation-attribute-manual-version-7. A legend or 'shadeset' for the MVGs and MVSs can be found packaged with the detailed vector data: NVIS7_0_AUST_EXT_[STATE] and NVIS7_0_AUST_PRE_[STATE]. This table joins to the NVIS 7.0 spatial data for all states and territories (NVIS_ID in this table to NVISDSC1 in NVIS7_0_EXT_[STATE] and NVIS7_0_PRE_[STATE] ). For complex analyses and to extract maximum information from NVIS spatial data, this LUT can also be linked to NVISDSC2-6. Once this table has been joined, a simple display option is to use the field "NVIS7_0_LUT_AUST_FLAT.MVG_NAME" (or MVS_NAME if preferred) which includes the names of the NVIS Major Vegetation Groups (MVGs).Retrieving data by state or territory:the first number of theNVIS_ID corresponds to a specific state or territory and can be used to subset the larger datasetCodeExplanation1Australian Capital Territory2New South Wales3Northern Territory4Queensland5South Australia6Tasmania7Victoria8Western AustraliaSymbology:To enable full Major Vegetation Group descriptions to appear in the legend in an ArcGIS Desktop map or ArcGIS Pro project, the following layer files will need to be imported and the symbology set using the relevant attribute field. Layer files are within the zipped package.

Datasets supporting the publication: Analyzing satellite-derived 3D building inventories and quantifying urban growth towards active faults: a case study of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225790

-Please refer to the publication for details on the production of each dataset. -Datasets are ordered following the publication figures. -Please cite the publication and this dataset repository when using the data.

Structure: File ID

-[fields:] description

KH9_1979_builtup.shp -KH9 1979 built-up area classification

S2_2021_builtup.tif -Sentinel-2 2021 built-up area classification.

S2_2021_corine_land_cover_class.tif -Sentinel-2 2021 land cover classification in Corine 2018 land-cover classes.

S2_KH9_DN_change_aggregated.shp -Proportional DN change aggregated to a 1 km^2 grid for areas ≥50% built-up.

building_characteristics.shp -build_count: building count in 500 m square grid cell. -mean_area: mean building size (m^2) in 500 m square grid cell. -median_area: median building size(m^2) in 500 m square grid cell. -cell_coverage: %building coverage of 500 m square grid cell.

pleiades_buildings_all.shp -All building detections from Pleiades data. Confidence values are output from the deep learning model.

pleiades_buildings_heights.shp -Building detections from the Pleiades data that were allocated heights (m). -Zmean, Zmedian,... refer to heights (m)

wv2_buildings_all.shp -All building detections from WorldView-2 data. Confidence values are output from the deep learning model.

wv2_buildings_heights.shp -Building detections from the WorldView-2 data that were allocated heights (m). -Zmean, Zmedian,... refer to heights (m)

trained_rcnn.zip -ArcGIS Pro deep learning model (DLPK) used to extract building footprints.