Housing Index in the United States decreased to 434.90 points in April from 436.70 points in March of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States House Price Index MoM Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) Derived Stability Indices product contains images for five stability indices with pixel values that are indicators of atmospheric instability associated with convection and potential thunderstorm activity. 1) Convective(ly) Available Potential Energy (CAPE): A measure of atmospheric stability calculated by integrating the positive temperature difference between the surrounding atmosphere and a parcel of air lifted adiabatically from the surface to its equilibrium level. It exists under conditions of potential instability, and measures the potential energy per unit mass that would be released by the unstable parcel if it were able to convect upwards to equilibrium. Units of measure are joules per kilogram. 2) Lifted Index: The temperature difference between a parcel of air lifted adiabatically from the surface to a finishing air pressure of 500 hPa in the troposphere and the ambient air temperature at the finishing air pressure in the troposphere. The air parcel is "lifted" by moving the air parcel from the surface to the Lifting Condensation Level (dry adiabatically) and then from the Lifting Condensation Level to the finishing air pressure (wet adiabatically). Units of measure are kelvin. 3) K-Index: A measure of atmospheric stability indicating the potential of severe convection. The index is the difference in air temperature between 850 and 500 hPa, the dew point temperature at 850 hPa, and the difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature at 700 hPa. Units of measure are kelvin. 4) Showalter Index: A measure of atmospheric stability indicating the convective and thunderstorm potential. The index is the temperature difference between a parcel of air lifted from 850 to 500 hPa (wet adiabatically) and the ambient air temperature at 500 hPa. Units of measure are kelvin. 5) Total Totals Index: A measure of atmospheric stability indicating the likelihood of severe convection. The index is derived from the difference in air temperature between 850 and 500 hPa (the vertical totals) and the difference between the dew point temperature at 850 hPa and the air temperature at 500 hPa (the cross totals). The index is the sum of the vertical and cross totals. Units of measure are kelvin. The product includes three types of data quality information. One describes the overall quality of the data pixels, providing an assessment of the derived stability indices data values for on-earth pixels. The second provides information about the quality of the physical retrieval for on-earth pixels, identifying failure conditions. The third provides information about the quality of the first guess skin temperature for onearth pixels, identifying temperature threshold failure conditions for on-earth pixels. The Derived Stability Indices product images are produced on the ABI fixed grid at 10 km resolution for Full Disk, CONUS, and Mesoscale coverage regions from GOES East and West. Product data is produced under the following conditions: Clear sky; Geolocated source data to local zenith angles of 80 degrees for both daytime and nighttime conditions.

Purpose: Operating a high performance fifth-generation fighter jet is a potential stressor in which [KH1] [KS2] hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dynamics may reflect the intensity of and adaptation to the stressor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HPA axis activity in fighter pilots and explore whether indices of activity correlated with subjective indices of stress.Methods: We studied HPA axis dynamics in 20 experienced fifth-generation fighter pilots (18 men/2 women) by measuring salivary cortisol at various times from bedtime the night before a flight training to awakening the morning after the flight training. We also measured plasma ACTH and serum cortisol the day before the flight and immediately following the flight. These findings were correlated with prior pilot flight experience and subjective assessments of pain and stress.Results: Seven (35%) of the pilots demonstrated normal salivary cortisol levels at all time points despite one having a high index of pain. Lower pre-flight salivary cortisol was correlated with more flight hours in the year leading up to the flight exercise. Flight day awakening salivary cortisol was inversely correlated with pilot-reported post-flight stress. In general, there were no other major correlations suggesting a disconnect between an objective measure of stress via HPA axis dynamics and subjective indices of stress and pain.Conclusion: The acute HPA axis response in some experienced fighter pilots habituates to the stressor of flying a fighter jet during a training exercise. The experience of the pilot was a determinant of their HPA axis stress response.

Atmospheric blocking is commonly referred to as the situation when the normal zonal flow is interrupted by strong and persistent meridional flow. The normal eastward progression of synoptic disturbances is obstructed leading to episodes of prolonged extreme weather conditions. On intraseasonal time scales the persistent weather extremes can last from several days up to a few weeks, often accompanied by significant temperature and precipitation anomalies. Numerous definitions of blocking exist in the literature and all involve a level if subjectivity. We use the blocking index of Tibaldi and Molteni (1990) modified from that of Lejenas and Okland (1983). This product displays the daily observed blocking index for the past 3 months up to and including the present day. Additionally, outlookss of the blocking index and the 500 hPa geopotential height field anomalies are generated form the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) model. The outlooks mare displayed for days 1-9 for both the northern and southern Hemispheres. The product is not archived so a historical time series is not available. To produce a time series it is recommended that the methodology of Tibaldi and Molteni (1990) be applied using the reanalysis dataset of choice. Blocking frequency over the 1950-2000 time period and composites as a function of ENSO phase are also provided.

Lifting Condensation Level: 931.5 hPa; Level of free Convection: 930.5 hPa; Convective condensation level: 930.5 hPa; Lifted Index: 2°C; Showalter Index:: 7°C; Convective Available Potential Energy: 65.6 J/kg; Convective Inhibition: -0.2 J/kg; Equilibrium level: 807.5 hPa; Konvektionsindex : 10°C; Gewitterindex: 30°C; Total-Totals-Index: 44°C; Konvektiv-Index: 3; 1.Tropopause: 333 hPa; 2.Tropopause: 179 hPa

Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) is a global numerical weather prediction computer model. It replaced NOGAPS as the prime model in the middle of February 2013 at the Navy Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) Weather model synoptic site. [Wikipedia]

ObjectiveThe treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) remains challenging. The study evaluated the impact of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis/hypothalamic–pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and glucose metabolism on the clinical outcomes in patients with bipolar depression (BD-D) and manic bipolar (BD-M) disorders.MethodsThe research design involved a longitudinal prospective study. A total of 500 BD patients aged between 18 and 65 years treated in 15 hospitals located in Western China were enrolled in the study. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were used to assess the BD symptoms. An effective treatment response was defined as a reduction in the symptom score of more than 25% after 12 weeks of treatment. The score of symptoms was correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, the HPA axis hormone levels (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol), and the HPT axis hormone levels (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4)).ResultsIn the BD-M group, the YMRS was positively correlated with baseline T4 (r = 0.349, p = 0.010) and fT4 (r = 0.335, p = 0.013) and negatively correlated with fasting insulin (r = −0.289, p = 0.013). The pre-treatment HOMA-IR was significantly correlated with adverse course (p = 0.045, OR = 0.728). In the BD-D group, the baseline MADRS was significantly positively correlated with baseline fT3 (r = 0.223, p = 0.032) and fT4 (r = 0.315, p = 0.002), while baseline T3 (p = 0.032, OR = 5.071) was significantly positively related to treatment response.ConclusionThe HPT axis and glucose metabolism were closely associated with clinical outcomes at 12 weeks in both BD-D and BD-M groups. If confirmed in further longitudinal studies, monitoring T3 in BD-D patients and HOMA-IR for BD-M could be used as potential treatment response biomarkers.

NMME CCSM4 Wind Northward at 200 hPa Daily Aggregation R01 va Dimensioned By time, latitude, longitude. _CoordSysBuilder=ucar.nc2.dataset.conv.CF1Convention cdm_data_type=Grid contact=Dughong Min (dmin@rsmas.miami.edu) and Ben Kirtman (bkirtman@rsmas.miami.edu) Conventions=CF-1.4 Easternmost_Easting=359.0 endmonth=02 endyear=2026 experiment=March 2025 Forecast experiment_id=Mon Mar 10 04:55:36 PM EDT 2025 frequency=day Generator=NCL v.6.0 geospatial_lat_max=90.0 geospatial_lat_min=-90.0 geospatial_lat_resolution=1.0 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=359.0 geospatial_lon_min=0.0 geospatial_lon_resolution=1.0 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=FMRC Best Dataset infoUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/model-nmme_ccsm4_va200_day_r01_agg/catalog.html?dataset=model-nmme_ccsm4_va200_day_r01_agg/NMME_CCSM4_Wind_Northward_at_200_hPa_Daily_Aggregation_R01_best.ncd institution=Univ. of Miami - Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmosphereric Science institution_id=UM-RSMAS location=Proto fmrc:NMME_CCSM4_Wind_Northward_at_200_hPa_Daily_Aggregation_R01 model_id=CCSM4_0_a02 modeling_realm=atmos Northernmost_Northing=90.0 project_id=National Multi-Model Ensembles(NMME) project realization=01 References=Ben P. Kirtman, Dughong Min. (2009) Multimodel Ensemble ENSO Prediction with CCSM and CFS. Monthly Weather Review 137:9, 2908-2930 sourceUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/dodsC/model-nmme_ccsm4_va200_day_r01_agg/NMME_CCSM4_Wind_Northward_at_200_hPa_Daily_Aggregation_R01_best.ncd Southernmost_Northing=-90.0 startmonth=03 startyear=2025 time_coverage_end=2026-04-30T12:00:00Z time_coverage_start=2018-01-01T12:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=0.0

Depth = composite depth / HPA-Index, Higher Plant Alkanes Index (n-alkanes with carbon number C23,C25,...,C33; n-alkanols with carbon number C22,C24,..,C32)

The first 1 km High-resolution Atmospheric Moisture Index Collection over China (HiMIC-Monthly) includes 6 commonly used near-surface atmospheric moisture indices: relative humidity (RH, %), actual vapor pressure (AVP, hPa), vapor pressure deficit (VPD, hPa), dew point temperature (DPT, °C), mixing ratio (MR, g/kg), and specific humidity (SH, g/kg). This dataset has a high spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km and covers mainland China from January 2003 to December 2020. The overall R-square for all six indices exceeding 0.96 and root mean square error and mean absolute error values falling within a reasonable range. It is stacked by year, and each stack is composed of 12 monthly images in the NetCDF or GeoTIFF format. All moisture values are stored in an integer type (Int16) for saving storage space, and need to be divided by 100 to get the values in %, hPa, hPa, °C, g/kg, g/kg for RH, AVP, VPD, DPT, MR, and SH, respectively, when in use. The projection coordinate system of the dataset is Albers Equal Area Conic Projection. The naming rule and other detailed information can be found in “README.pdf”. If you have any questions when using the HiMIC-Monthly dataset, please feel free to contact Miss Hui Zhang via zhangh573@mail2.sysu.edu.cn or Dr. Ming Luo via luom38@mail.sysu.edu.cn. More details on the procedure of producing the HiMIC-Monthly dataset and its accuracy assessment can be found in: Hui Zhang, Ming Luo, Wenfeng Zhan, & Yongquan Zhao, 2023. A first 1 km high-resolution atmospheric moisture index collection over China, 2003–2020. Earth System Science Data (submitted for consideration for publication).

NMME CFSv2 Geopotential Height at 500 hPa g Dimensioned By time, latitude, longitude. _CoordSysBuilder=ucar.nc2.dataset.conv.CF1Convention cdm_data_type=Grid Conventions=CF-1.4 Easternmost_Easting=359.0 geospatial_lat_max=90.0 geospatial_lat_min=-90.0 geospatial_lat_resolution=1.0 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=359.0 geospatial_lon_min=0.0 geospatial_lon_resolution=1.0 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=FMRC Best Dataset infoUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/model-nmme_cfs_v2_g500_6h_agg/catalog.html?dataset=model-nmme_cfs_v2_g500_6h_agg/NMME_CFS-v2_Geopotential_Height_at_500hPa_6h_Aggregation_best.ncd institution=RSMAS and NCEP location=Proto fmrc:NMME_CFS-v2_Geopotential_Height_at_500hPa_6h_Aggregation Northernmost_Northing=90.0 sourceUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/dodsC/model-nmme_cfs_v2_g500_6h_agg/NMME_CFS-v2_Geopotential_Height_at_500hPa_6h_Aggregation_best.ncd Southernmost_Northing=-90.0 time_coverage_end=2025-10-03T12:00:00Z time_coverage_start=2010-10-31T06:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=0.0

Description of the studies included in the meta-analyses.

BackgroundPsychological stress and its two stress response systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), are closely related to psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED). However, the analyses of perceived stress and stress systems in pED patients need to be more in-depth, especially the interactions between them.MethodsOur study included 75 patients with pEDs and 75 healthy men. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used for assessing the severity of ED and perceived stress. All participants collected saliva samples on three consecutive days at eight specific times with strict reference to the time of morning awakening for measuring cortisol parameters and wore electrocardiography for 24 h to derive heart rate variability (HRV).ResultsThe PSS-10 scores of pED patients were significantly higher than the control group (p

The file contains the following surface level fields (lat/lon south west corner): Fields available from the 2nd forecast step on (00:15 for CDOM, 01:00 for DDOM) are marked as '##'; Fields implemented from 19/07/2007 on are marked as '++':

• Sealevel Pressue [Pa]
• Surface Pressure [Pa] ## 10m U and V component of wind [m/s]
• Accumulated Convective Precipitation [mm since the beginning of the forecast] ## Height of the planetary boundary layer [m] ## Ground Temperature [K]
• Snow Height [...] ++ Surface Sensible and Latent Heat Flux ++ Surface SW and LW downward net radiation ++ TOA outgoing SW and LW net radiation
• Surface Geopotential [m**2/s**2]
• Height of 0 degree C level [m]
• Total cloud cover [%]
• Ground - 800 hPa cloud cover [%]
• 800 - 400 hPa cloud cover [%]
• 400 hPa to model top cloud cover [%] ## Integrated water vapour [kg/m**2] ## Integrated cloud water [kg/m**2] ## Integrated cloud ice [kg/m**2]
• Integrated total water [kg/m**2] ## 2m Specific Humidity [kg/kg]
• CAPE [J/kg]
• CIN [J/kg]
• Soil temperatures in different soil layers [K]

• Vegetation Fraction [fract.]

  The following fields requested in MAP D-DPHASE Implementation Plan (see entry "dphase_implementation_plan_info") are not provided in this data set as they are no output variables of MM5.

• 2m min./max temperature

• 10m wind gust

• grid scale/ convective precipitation (rain, snow, graupel, hail) (only total precip is delivered)

• total/ grid scale precipitation rate (rain, snow, graupel, hail)

• cloud bottom/top height

• convective cloud bottom/top height

• sunshine duration

• snowfall limit

• leaf area index

• root depth

• soil moistures (all layers). Note: In the dphase_mm5_2_4d and dphase_mm5_2_ct experiments the datasets are called CDOM and DDOM, but both cover only the CDOM region. They differ only in time resolution (DDOM 1h, CDOM 15min) not in region.